We studied the adsorption of prometryn and metolachlor by different fractions of soil organic matter, including humic substances (humic and fulvic acids), humin, and nonoxidizable soil organic matter. As a measure for adsorption evaluation, we used a distribution coefficient (Kdfom), calculated per unit of organic matter in each fraction. Humic substances showed high affinity for both herbicides. Humin fractions adsorbed significant amounts of prometryn, but not metolachlor. Hydrophobic bonding is suggested as a possible explanation.
AbstractA special study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effects of pesticide treatment on tobacco in comparison with tobacco not treated with any pesticide. For the purpose of growing these tobaccos, experimental plots were selected on Prince Edward Island, Canada, where contamination of air, soil and water was at a minimum. The tobacco leaf was analyzed for 35 components and 28 pesticide residues. These samples are to be used for smoke analysis and bioassay. The results will be reported in a later publication.
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Replicated field experiments were conducted at three locations in North Carolina to study the disappearance of parathion from flue-cured tobacco. Immediately after application, parathion residues on green leaves, averaged over locations, were 51.0 and 78.8 ppm, respectively, for the 0.56 and 1.12 kg/ha rates. These residues dropped to 0.63 and 1.50 ppm for the two rates at five days after application. Parathion residues disappeared from green leaves most rapidly during the first 24 hr after application; the loss was over 95 percent in five days and over 99 percent at nine days after application. Residues of paraoxon on green leaves were highest one day after application when concentrations averaged 1.4 and 3.0 ppm for application rates of 0.56 and 1.12 kg/ha, respectively. Loss of total parathion residues during flue-curing ranged from 53 to 87 percent with an average of 72 percent.
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
AbstractThe movement and persistence of picloram (4‐amino‐3,5,6‐trichloropicolinic acid) and 2,4,5‐T (2,4,5‐trichlorophenoxyacetic acid) were studied on a western North Carolina watershed on which extensive agronomic, hydrologic, and climatic data had been accumulated over a period of 18 years. Picloram was more persistent than 2,4,5‐T; approximately 60% of the picloram and 90% of the 2,4,5‐T disappeared in 15 days. There was some penetration into the soil, but a very high percentage of the total amount present at the different sampling periods was in the 0‐ to 7.5‐cm layer. Doubling the application rate (4.48 vs. 2.24 kg/ha) resulted in a twofold increase in the amount of herbicide recovered at each sampling period. Very little downslope movement of either herbicide occurred even though the average slope on the plots was approximately 27%. Practically no herbicide was found more than 0.3 m, and none beyond 1.2 m, downslope. More picloram than 2,4,5‐T moved.
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Although phytotoxic residues of the triazine herbicides are objectionable when, in some soils and under some environmental conditions, sensitive plants are injured the season after application, residual activity is essential for weed control and soil sterilization. Without residual activity, frequent applications of less persistent herbicides would be necessary, and costs of weed control would, therefore, be high. A good example of the advantages of residual phytotoxicity was described by Horowitz (1964), who suggested that a single application of simazine or atrazine at the beginning of winter rains in Israel would control winter weeds and maintain sorghum planted the next spring free of weeds until harvest.
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetabolism of Herbicides, Review of Disappearance of Substituted Urea Herbicides from SoilT. J. SheetsCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1964, 12, 1, 30–33Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60131a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60131a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views217Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts