Controlling Dengue fever is difficult worldwide due to complex medical management settings. Therefore, such diseases should be diagnosed, and quick-acting control strategies should be used. In this article, the Mathematical Model for the system of differential equations for the spread of Dengue fever is framed and identifies the solutions to control the disease in a short period. The system consists of six equations. The first four equations represent the human population under Susceptible, Infected, Under Treatment and Recovered people (SITR Model). The vector population then comes under the categories of Susceptible and Infected Mosquitoes. In the suggested SITR Model, the identified positivity, bounded solutions, equilibrium points, stability analysis, and reproductive value are all investigated. The research results demonstrate that when the reproduction number is less than or equal to one, it is asymptotically stable (disease-free) and unstable when greater than one. In addition, confirmed a drop in mosquito bite rates, a decrease in the number of people under hospitalization and notification rates, and a rise in cure rates. The simulation on the model of SITR exposed that controlling the route of communication of this disease is necessary if we follow some strategy to restrict the transmission agent and may stop the virus from spreading further in the population.(c) 2024 L&H Scientific Publishing, LLC. All rights reserved.

Cancer continues to be one of the most daunting obstacles to human health, which is why there is a never-ending attempt to create therapies that are particularly successful. For the purpose of improving treatment options and actively combating brain tumours, it is critical to have a complete comprehension of the intricate interactions that occur between cancer cells, the immune system, and therapeutic treatments. So, we suggest a model that shows how healthy cells (glial) and glioma cells (cancer cells), neurons, CD8+ T cells, macrophages, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy interact with each other by using differential equations. Positivity and boundedness are investigated. A further investigation of the analytical procedure has been carried out. Additionally, stability analysis is evaluated, and numerical simulations are provided in three different categories for the model that we have presented. A graph comparison is made between the numerical and the analytical in order to figure out the model’s quality in the discussion and conclusion. Among them, chemo-immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy that allows for the use of the synergistic effects of immunotherapy and chemotherapy in order to battle the development of tumours and the spread of diseases.

A model consisting of three components has been created to describe the interactions among glial cells, glioma cells, and radiotherapy treatment in tumor growth. An analytic solution of nonlinear differential equations is obtained. Stability analysis is discussed under three categories: trivial state, without any treatment, and radiotherapy treatment. In the absence of treatment, the stability analysis of the model demonstrates that a tumor would proliferate to its highest capacity. The treatment of radiotherapy could increase the effectiveness of the fight against gliomas. Moreover, numerical simulations are also provided for the proposed model. Finally, the validity of the system is examined by comparing the graphs of the analytical solution and numerical simulation.

In recent years, many mathematical models have been developed and investigated based on real-life issues in engineering, medicine, agriculture, and many other fields. Moreover, the numerical approach was used to solve it due to its intricacy. However, in reality, this methodology merely offers an approximate solution, which is close to an exact solution but not exact. This article demonstrates how to find the analytical solutions of the system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations precisely by considering the mathematical model for the spread of dengue fever of the with-in-host model. Furthermore, stability analysis and numerical simulation were also provided. Finally, graphs from the analytical method and numerical simulation are compared to assess the solutions of the system's validity. This work may be helpful to many researchers in obtaining an analytical solution to the nonlinear dynamics.

The nanocomposites of the Silver (Ag) and cadmium (Cd) based, cobalt ferrite having formula AgxCdxCo1-2xFe2O4 (where x = 0.0, 0.05, and 0.1) have been successfully prepared by glycine-assisted Sol-gel derived auto combustion technique. The synthesized samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-visible spectrum, and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). The XRD and FTIR results reveal the formation of a single-phase cubic spinel structure with crystallite sizes 14-19 nm. SEM analysis of surface morphology revealed spherical and cubic-shaped nanoparticles. FTIR spectra indicated two fundamental absorption peaks around 580 cm-1 and 460 cm-1. This confirmed the existence of m-o bonding in the synthesized products corresponding to the stretching vibration of tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) lattice sites. According to UV-Visible analysis, it is observed that the optical band gap energies vary from 1.88 eV to 1.52 eV as the Ag/Cd concentration increased. From VSM data, the magnetic behavior of prepared specimens is studied and the corresponding variations in the (Ms), (Hc), (Mr), and Mr/Ms values are analyzed. This prepared composites materials are recommended for magnetic storage applications.

In this paper, lithium-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles are successfully fabricated through the simple co-precipitation method. An analysis of the prepared Li doped ZnO nanoparticles were carried out by XRD, FESEM, HRTEM, and cyclic voltametry techniques. The XRD spectrum of bare ZnO and Li doped ZnO nano-particles illustrates the formation of a hexagonal Wurtzite structure and the crystallite sizes are 20 and 18nm. The morphology of lithium-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles has been characterized by FESEM and HRTEM, indicating their spherical shape. The EDAX spectrum indicates the elementary composition, namely Zn and O. When the CV analysis of the lithium-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles is performed at a scan level of 2 mVs  1, the specific capacitance value of the prepared nanoparticles reaches 401 F/g. It is clear from the prepared sample reveals that supercapacitor behavior. The theoretical estimation was carried out by DFT with B3LYP/LANL2DZ technique. Bond lengths and bond angles were calculated and also verified by the same level of theory. The title compound's NLO characteristics were assessed using first-order hyperpolarizability calculation. The energy difference between Homo and Lumo demonstrates that charge moves throughout the molecule. The calculated atomic charges were confirmed by Mulliken method.

The main aim of this research was to investigate the mechanical behavior of aluminum (LM25) alloy hybrid metal matrix composites for high-temperature applications. The L25 alloy is hybrid reinforced with varying silicon carbide (SiC), niobium carbide (NbC), and magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticle compositions. Hybrid particle-reinforced composites are manufactured by means of a liquid manufacturing technique. The hot tensile behavior of the LM25 matrix and hybrid composites was examined under the temperature condition 30 °C–400 °C as per ASTM B557 and ASTM E8M standards using a hot tensile test rig. In addition, the surface morphology of the LM25 alloy and SiC-, NbC-, and MgO-reinforced composites was investigated using scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). The results of the surface morphology investigation of the composites revealed that the SiC, NbC, and MgO particles were homogenously scattered within the matrix and revealed clearer interface bonding. In tensile test, the LM25 alloy/ 3wt% SiC, NbC, and MgO (LMSMN-3) composite showed a yield and tensile strength around 230.82 MPa and 251.71 MPa, which was 25% larger than the LM25 alloy materials, whereas LM25 alloy/1wt% SiC, NbC, and MgO (LMSMN-1) and LM25 alloy/2wt% SiC, NbC, and MgO (LMSMN-2) composites showed a yield and tensile strength of 176.45 MPa, 203.71 MPa,192 MPa, and 211.32 MPa, respectively, which was 23% and 16.75% higher than the LM25 alloy under room temperature condition. Also, at elevated temperatures such as 200℃ and 400℃, the LMSMN-3 composite exhibited a maximum increase in the tensile properties, i.e., 48.28% at 200℃ and of 61.12% at 400℃.

The ability to predict battery residual life (RL) in advance is critical for ensuring a reliable supply of energy and the most efficient use of that energy. When it comes to precisely predicting the level of charge of batteries, battery management systems must be durable and trustworthy (SoC). Because of the non-linear nature of battery depreciation, it is extremely difficult to predict SoC estimation with considerably less degradation than is now possible. In this paper, we tend to reduce the data degradation for the prediction of RL using ensemble random forest model. The model enables collection of data, pre-processing and classification using random forest and ensemble random forest for the prediction of RL. The simulation is conducted in terms of R2 and root mean square error (RMSE). The simulation shows that the ensemble random forest model achieves higher prediction accuracy.

The latent thermal power storage system has more characteristics than the sensitive storage system. The heating system is a process of releasing and absorbing heat energy using phase transfer material (PCM) and it provides more efficient energy than sensible heat storage. This also consist of high energy storage and high density. It provides high heat transfer in low volume and thereby enhances heat transfer. This enhances the capacity and efficiency of the EFU while extending the service life. The coil tube is designed for latent thermal energy storage to implement and enhance thermal performance during the loading and unloading process. The offloading time, however, was not affected by the flows. Higher throughput has also been shown to improve the effectiveness of recovery. The direction of flow of the HTF did not affect the total time of loading and recharging but affected the temperature changes of the PCM in the energy storage element. It is intended to predict the ability to store maximum energy as higher energy efficiency during the phase shift process. Parameters such as the mean temperature of the PCM, the growth of the melting front, the energy efficiency, and the number of generations of entropy are studied.

In this paper we are defining the fuzzy type of mixed delay differential equations. The necessity of studying the mixed delay differential equation in terms of fuzzy is that the single real valued solution can be ordered as the set of fuzzy valued solution. So it is very important in establishing the existence of solution for the fuzzy mixed type of delay differential equations using necessary theorems and lemmas. In addition we are also proving that the existing solution is unique. (C)2021 L&H Scienti fic Publishing, LLC. All rights reserved.

In this paper, we develop the numerical solutions of certain type called Fuzzy Delay Differential Equations(FDE) by using fifth order Runge-Kutta method for fuzzy differential equations. This method based on the seikkala derivative and finally we discuss the numerical examples to illustrate the theory.

M-type strontium hexaferrite with chemical formula Sr1-xPbxFe12-yCeyO19 (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and y = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6) was prepared by sol-gel auto combustion approach. All the samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) at room temperature. The XRD pattern shows that all samples exhibit single phase hexagonal phase without any secondary phase. The size of the crystallites was in the 77–90 nm range. The SEM micrographs show agglomerated particles. Raman spectral analysis reveals the presence of prominent peaks of Fe-O bonds. The band gap was calculated, and it decreased from 2.08 eV to 1.83 eV. The reduced band gap value maybe the result of some lattice strain, crystallite size and minor impurity caused by continuous band of sub-bands developed in the conduction band. The VSM results show the behaviours of saturation magnetization (Ms), retentivity magnetization (Mr) and coercivity (Hc). The Ms, Mr and Hc values decrease with increase in the Ce/Pb concentration.

Zr- and Pb-doped strontium hexaferrite is synthesized by sol-gel auto combustion technique. Recorded powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns reveal the single phase hexaferrite formation. The synthesized samples are transparent up to 800 nm. Infrared spectral analysis establishes the tetrahedral and octahedral site metal-oxygen vibrations. Magnetic analysis reveals reduction in saturation magnetization (M s ), remnant magnetization (M r ) and increase in coercivity (H c ) due to the increase in dopant concentration. The study reveals that as the dopant concentration increases, the samples become more and more hard magnetic.

Cd/Ni-substituted strontium hexaferrite SrFe12−2xCdxNixO19 (for x = 0.0, 0.1, and 0.2) has been prepared via sol–gel method. The synthesized samples have been sintered at 950 °C. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) results establishes the single-phase magnetoplumbite structure. Lattice parameters (a and c), cell volume (Vcell), and crystallite size (D) have been determined. The magnetic characteristics such as saturation magnetization (Ms), retentive magnetization (Mr), and coercive field (Hc) have also been determined from VSM data (hysteresis loop). The value of Ms increases, and Mr and Hc decreases with increase in dopant concentration. FT-IR and Raman analysis establishes the metal–oxygen vibrations present in various sites. UV–Vis–NIR spectra reveals that the synthesized samples are transparent in the entire visible region and hence they can be used in optoelectronic applications. The study reveals that Cd/Ni-substituted strontium hexaferrites are suitable candidates for optoelectronic devices, microwave devices, and recording media.

Cerium ion doped M-type lead hexaferrite with chemical formula Pb1-xCexFe12O19 (where x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) were prepared using sol-gel auto combustion process. XRD patterns revealed that all diffraction peaks are in good agreement with magnetoplumbite mineral crystal structure. Unit cell 'c' value slightly decreases and 'a' value almost remains constant, when the concentration of Ce ion is increased. Magnetic properties were analysed using Vibrating Sample Magnetometer. It was observed that saturation magnetization (M-s), retentivity (M-r) decreases and coercivity (H-c) increases with increasing Ce concentration and the samples become more and more hard magnetic. Observed tetrahedral, octahedral and spinel block vibrations in Raman spectra establishes the molecular structure of synthesized samples. Optical transmission spectral analysis reveals that the samples are transparent in the entire visible region and the band gap are in the range 2.44-2.91 eV. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

This article verifies the accuracy of Runge Kutta method of order four for Fuzzy multiple retarded delay differential equations to solve Fuzzy multiple neutral delay differential equations and to implement the technique to solve Fuzzy pure multiple neutral delay differential equations. The idea is to analyze the adoption of the method found for Retarded delay system to solve neutral delay systems where the two systems contains multiple delay. An numerical example is presented to verify the theory

To date, thin film deposition with low cost technique and desired process parameters has been intensively studied.The cost effective sol-gel spin coating has been widely used for the deposition of different types of elements in thin film form.ZnO thin films can also deposit with the application of this technique.The prepared solution led to deposit high crystalline ZnO thin films without annealing at elevated temperature.The crystal structure of deposited films was characterized by X-ray diffraction technique.Narrowed and high intensity diffraction peak at 34.4°clearly indicated that the films exhibit hexagonal wrutzite structure of ZnO.The optical properties of these films were typically studied using UVvis NIR double beam spectrophometer, the optical transmittance in the visible region was more than 90% and showed sharp absorption edge.SEM images showed earth warm like wrinkle surface.The four probe method revealed electrical resistivity of 1. 4 Ω cm.

The aim of the current study is to investigate the mechanical behaviour of aluminium alloy and reinforced with Nano-particle composites such as magnesium oxide and silicon carbide via liquid metallurgy technique. Aluminium alloy and composites are characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The tensile properties of aluminum alloy and composites are examined under room temperature (30 ∘C) and at elevated temperatures (200 ∘C, 350 ∘C). The microstructure results reveal that the SiC and MgO particles are uniformly distributed within the matrix and exhibited better interface bonding. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS) properties of aluminum alloy-3 wt.% SiC (AA-SRS) composites are higher than the MgO under the room temperature condition. In elevated temperature, the reverse trend is observed besides the aluminum alloy-3 wt.% MgO (AA-SRM) composites has shown better strength. The combined reinforcement effect of Aluminum alloy-3 wt% SiC-3 wt.% MgO (AA-HRSM) composite increases the UTS and YS under both room and elevated temperature condition. The UTS and YS strength is increased by decreasing the percentage of elongation with the addition of SiC and MgO.