President Ho Chi Minh's life and revolutionary career left a rich and valuable heritage for the Vietnamese people. Among this legacy, his thoughts on social policy, particularly social security, hold profound and timeless value. Ho Chi Minh's ideas on education of social security present a comprehensive system of policies aimed at helping individuals prevent, manage, and overcome risks in life. These policies reflect his deep concern for the well-being of all citizens and highlight his vision of a fair and equitable society. Ho Chi Minh believed that education of social security should not only address immediate challenges but also create long-term stability for individuals and communities. His approach emphasized inclusivity, ensuring that no one was left behind, regardless of their social or economic status. This perspective laid the foundation for Vietnam's current social policies, which continue to draw inspiration from his ideology. Today, Vietnam applies Ho Chi Minh's thoughts on social security through various initiatives, such as poverty reduction programs, healthcare access, education reforms, and community support systems. These efforts align with his vision of a society where people can thrive without fear of hardship. Ho Chi Minh's thoughts on education of social security remain relevant, offering guidance for addressing modern challenges while fostering resilience and solidarity. His legacy serves as a source of inspiration for building a better future, ensuring that his principles continue to shape Vietnam's social policies and national development.

The manuscripts on Khmer palm leaves in An Giang province are a distinctive element of the cultural and linguistic heritage of the Khmer community in southern Vietnam. These manuscripts, made from processed palm leaves, serve as a repository of Buddhist scriptures, sacred texts, and traditional knowledge, reflecting the spiritual and cultural values of the Khmer people within the Theravada Buddhist tradition. This study examines the origins, the techniques of manuscript creation, and their cultural significance, highlighting their role in preserving the Khmer language and traditional teachings. The study also addresses the challenges posed by environmental degradation and the decline of traditional craftsmanship, which threaten the preservation of these manuscripts. The research employs methods such as ethnographic observation, document analysis, and interviews to clarify how data is collected and how this information will be used in the study. Along with providing criteria for selecting research subjects and locations, including pagodas in Tri Tôn and Tịnh Biên districts, the study is more systematic and verifiable, enhancing the scientific rigor and reliability of the results. The study proposes solutions such as raising community awareness, applying digital preservation methods, and encouraging community participation in preservation efforts. Through this, the research emphasizes the importance of Khmer palm leaf manuscripts as a cultural treasure and their relevance in preserving Khmer heritage and identity in the modern era.

It is important to provide high school students with the necessary information for them to consult and make a decision to choose a university. The study aims to identify and evaluate the influence of factors in the decision to choose a university for high school students. The questionnaire survey method was used to collect data from 393 students from eight high schools in An Giang Province, Vietnam. Exploratory factor analysis and linear regression were used to analyze the data. The research results show that students are quite satisfied and quite certain with their decision to choose a university, while there are six important factors affecting the decision to choose a university. Influential factors with decreasing order of magnitude are: i) Factors consulted by teachers, family, friends, and relatives; ii) Factors of future job opportunities; iii) Factors of media activities; iv) Factors of learning conditions; v) Factors of university reputation; vi) Factors belong to the students themselves. The findings of the study show that there is no statistically significant difference between the group of males and females, between grades 10, 11, and 12. Besides, there is a statistically significant difference between students in high schools. The findings of this study have theoretical and practical implications for university admissions in Vietnam. Proposals made to university administrators were discussed. From the research results, we want to help students find the right university, and support universities to improve the efficiency of admissions.

The teaching staff has a very important position and role, is a factor that plays a decisive role in the quality of teaching National Defense and Security Education at universities. However, the quality of the teaching staff in charge of National Defense and Security Dducation, besides the advantages, still exists some certain limitations. Through analyzing and explaining theoretical and practical issues about the quality of the teaching staff, some key solutions have been proposed to improve the quality of these lecturers, meeting the current requirements of education and training innovation.

Nano ZnO/chitosan composite was synthesized using precipitation method. The material was characterized by physicochemical analysis methods including XRD and TEM. The results showed that the spherical and rod-shaped particles were well-dispersed with the average size of 30-40 nm. The ZnO/chitosan composite was applied as an adsorbent to remove congo red from aqueous solution. Equilibrium data fitted well with the Langmuir model. It is assumed that the adsorption process follows the pseudo-second-order kinetics equation. The maximum adsorption capacity was of 281.69 mg/g. This suggested that the material could be a promising adsorbent for colorants removal in aqueous solutions.

In Vietnam today, strengthening defense and security education for all classes of people, especially students at universities, is an essential job. In particular, one of the critical factors contributing to improving the quality of defense and security education for university students is the teaching staff of defense and security education. However, the teaching staff of defense and security education in Vietnamese universities needs more quantity and has certain limitations in quality. The article outlines several requirements posed to the teaching staff of national defense and security education and, on that basis, proposes some solutions to build the contingent of defense and security education lecturers in Vietnamese universities to meet the current development requirements of the country.Article visualizations:

The central Vietnam margin is part of the western continental margin of the Vietnamese East Sea - the transition zone from the Indochina continental block to the true oceanic crust. In this paper, the authors present new results from merging and interpreting gravity and magnetic data from different sources in combination with 2D seismic and Ocean Drilling Program well data for the central Vietnam margin.The results illustrate the reliability of the merged gravity - magnetic data in regional structural analysis and tectonic division. Five structural layers are vertically identified and characterised by density and thickness. Spatially, six tectonic zones are defined with different Bourguer and magnetic anomaly background values: the boundaries between these zones are clearly delineated by sudden changes of these values. In addition, development signs and extent of the Tuy Hoa Shear Zone on basement rocks are also better resolved compared to the earlier seismic data.

Cultural belief is a unique feature that has an important value in the spiritual life of the Khmer people in the Mekong Delta. It is a bold combination of indigenous and religious colors, most of the Khmer in the Mekong Delta believe in Theravada Buddhists, taking it as one of their ways of life, as solid spiritual support to adjust behavior, and handling interpersonal, and social relationships. Cultural beliefs have created for the Khmer in the Mekong Delta to have a rich, unique spiritual life, bringing their own identity, contributing to diversity in the culture of Vietnam. This book highlights the manifestations of cultural belief and points out the values of cultural belief in the spiritual life of Khmer people in the Mekong Delta, and contributes to preserving, preserving the cultural belief of the Khmer people. Thereby, to preserve and promote cultural beliefs in the spiritual life of the Khmer people in the Mekong Delta in the sustainable development of the Khmer people in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam.

In the context that the fundamental and comprehensive reform of higher education in Vietnam is being promoted, it is becoming increasingly urgent to set requirements for innovation and to develop the team of lecturers, especially when the goal of education is the formation of personality and the development of personal capabilities for learners. With the identification of the teaching staff as the decisive factor for the success of the educational innovation process, the article summarizes and analyzes the current situation of the team of lecturers in higher education institutions in Vietnam today. On that basis, some basic solutions are proposed to develop the teaching staff to meet the tasks in the coming time. Article visualizations:

Vietnam's national cultural identity is associated with natural, social, and historical conditions. Therefore, the cultural identity of Vietnam is stable and sustainable. However, the national cultural identity also moves and changes according to the people's intellectual level, through cultural exchanges. But cultural identity always moves, receives, transforms, and then also revolves around the origin, returning to the source. The preservation and promotion of traditional cultural values and cultural identities should be paid attention to. The objective of the study is to introduce the traditional cultural values and cultural identity of the Vietnamese nation. Research has identified the role of youth and students in society, where they are the future owners of the country. Therefore, educating students on traditional cultural values is important content. Research has identified many values to educate young people and students, including traditional moral values education; Educating the cultural identity of the nation; Education patriotism.

ZnO/chitosan nanocomposite was successfully synthesized by in-situ precipitation method. The material was characterized by XRD, FESEM, TEM, FTIR, BET, and TGA. Results show that ZnO/chitosan nanocomposite has spherical shape with the average size of 20–25 nm. BET surface area and the average pore size of ZnO/chitosan nanocomposite are 2.2436 (m 2 /g) and 12.2 nm, respectively. The material was applied as an adsorbent for congo red removal from aqueous solutions. The congo red adsorption is better described by the Langmuir model ( R 2 = 0.996) than by the Freundlich model ( R 2 = 0.962). Therefore, it can be presumed that congo red was adsorbed in a single monolayer with the theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of 227.3 (mg/g). This is comparable to other available adsorbents. It can be suggested that ZnO/chitosan nanocomposite could serve as promising adsorbent for congo red in wastewater treatment technology.

The cultural belief are a social phenomenon, it has inheritance, it always exists in the flow of the movement and development of history - society. Each ethnic group, with its historical conditions, has a traditional culture with its own unique, long-standing, and stable features, which is the national cultural identity. The cultural beliefs are a field with many special features and important values in the spiritual life of the Khmer people in the Mekong Delta. It is a combination of indigenous culture and religious culture. The article aims to highlight the cultural beliefs expressions of the Khmer Mekong Delta people through traditional festivals including Chol Chnam Thmay festival, Ok Om Bok festival, Pithi Sene Dolta festival. Traditional festivals of the Khmer in the Mekong Delta are influenced by Theravada Buddhism, so traditional festivals usually take place at the place associated with the temple, the form of the festival is also associated with the ritual of Theravada Buddhism. Their traditional festivals are deeply humane, expressed in such contents as filial piety, respect for grandparents, parents, gratitude to ancestors, living morally, living in harmony with nature. The article has pointed out the values of cultural beliefs through traditional festivals of the Mekong Delta people, it is expressed in their social life today. Therefore, research on cultural beliefs, traditional culture studies of the Khmer Mekong Delta is to study the social background, their creations, and their culture in social history. Thereby, we find out the characteristics and quintessence in the traditional value system, the nation's culture, in order to honor and promote these cultural values, and bring it to better service for the younger generation's life.

Species distributional data has very important roles in management and conservation of wildlife, especially for rare species. In this study, we used the MaxEnt model to predict the potential distribution of the grey-shanked douc langur (Pygathrix cinerea Nadler, 1997) which is endemic to Vietnam and listed as one of the most endangered primate species in the world. We collected 158 independent localities and 16 environmental variables from different sources were used for analysis. The projection habitat suitability shows that the suitable areas are approximately from 14 degrees N-16 degrees N. The precipitation of driest month (bio14) had the highest percentage contribution to the model output with 27.7%. The total suitable area is 16,680.52 km(2). The areas of high and very high suitability account for 19%, and 2% respectively. The potential distribution area of the species is not much found in the existing protected area. Priorities for conservation and survey efforts should be given to the forested areas in Quang Ngai (Ba To district), Kon Tum (Kon Plong district), Binh Dinh (An Lao district), Gia Lai (K 'Bang district) and Quang Nam provinces. Conservation efforts should also be prioritized for areas beyond the boundary of protected areas, especially for areas that have been proposed as biodiversity corridors.

This paper discussed on status and prospect of ecological health monitoring used for river ecosystems. In Vietnam, phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthic macroinvertebrates have been used the most common bioindicators in ecological health monitoring, which have been used simultaneously in the environemntal monitoring framework of the Vietnam Environment Administration (VEA) and provincial environmental protection agencies as well. Their importances in the ecosystems and advantages for ecological health monitoring in Vietnam have been described in detail. Common methods used for ecological health monitoring have included diversity, biotic indices, multimetric approaches and Functional Feeding Groups (FFGs). Among these techniques, diversity and biotic indices were most frequently used to evaluate the ecological health of streams and rivers. However, multimetric measures have been increasingly applied in recent years to reflecting ecological integrity and integrated ecological health assessment as well. The review reflected that biomonitoring especially ecological health monitoring on Vietnam river systems is not only challenges but prospects as well.

In this study, the variables of zooplankton and water quality were investigated in Thi Vai River, Southern Vietnam. Zooplankton were monitored in April and September 2015 at 5 sampling sites in the river. Some basic environmental parameters were also tested including pH, Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5), inorganic nitrogen (NH4+), - dissolved phosphorus (PO43), and coliform. The biodiversity index of zooplankton were applied for water quality evaluation. The results showed that pH ranged from 6.8-7.5 during the monitoring. The TSS concentrations were in between 47-70 mg/L. The DO and BOD5 concentrations ranked from 1.8-6.1 mg/L and 4.217.7 mg/L, respectively. The NH4+ and PO43- were from 0.87-1.94 and 0.22-0.53 mg/L, respectively. The coliform number ranked between 2.3 x 10(3) - 1.1 x 10(4) MPN/100 mL. The zooplankton analyses showed that there were 43 species of cladocerans, copepods, coelenterates, mysidacea, prochordates, protozoans, and 5 larval types. Of which, species of copepods were dominant in species number. Zooplankton density ranged from 16,900-81,800 individuals/m(3) with the main dominant species of Acartia clausi (Copepoda) and nauplius copepods. The values of biodiversity index during the monitoring were from 1.16-2.49 characterized for oligotrophic to mesotrophic conditions of the aquatic environment. Besides, species richness and density of zooplankton strongly correlated with DO, BOD5, NH4+ and PO43- while species richness and densities did not correlation with TSS and pH, respectively. The results confirmed the advantage of using zooplankton and their indices for water quality monitoring.

Ancestral reconstruction is the extrapolation back in time from measured characteristics of individuals (or populations) to their common ancestors. It is an important application of phylogenetics, the reconstruction and study of the evolutionary relationships among individuals, populations, or species to their ancestors. In the context of biology, ancestral reconstruction can be used to recover different kinds of ancestral character states, including the genetic sequence (ancestral sequence reconstruction), the amino acid sequence of a protein, the composition of a genome (e.g., gene order), a measurable characteristic of an organism (phenotype), and the geographic range of an ancestral population or species (ancestral range reconstruction). Nonbiological applications include the reconstruction of the vocabulary or phonemes of ancient languages [1] and cultural characteristics of ancient societies such as oral traditions [2] or marriage practices [3]. Ancestral reconstruction relies on a sufficiently realistic model of evolution to accurately recover ancestral states. No matter how well the model approximates the actual evolutionary history, however, one's ability to accurately reconstruct an ancestor deteriorates with increasing evolutionary time between that ancestor and its observed descendants. Additionally, more realistic models of evolution are inevitably more complex and difficult to calculate. Progress in the field of ancestral reconstruction has relied heavily on the exponential growth of computing power and the concomitant development of efficient computational algorithms (e.g., a dynamic programming algorithm for the joint maximum likelihood [ML] reconstruction of ancestral sequences [4]). Methods of ancestral reconstruction are often applied to a given phylogenetic tree that has already been inferred from the same data. While convenient, this approach has the disadvantage that its results are contingent on the accuracy of a single phylogenetic tree. In contrast, some researchers advocate a more computationally intensive Bayesian approach that accounts for uncertainty in tree reconstruction by evaluating ancestral reconstructions over many trees [5].