As we approach the 700th anniversary of the death of Dante Alighieri, this work seeks to examine his Comedy in its entirety, providing, in the first instance, a statistical analysis of the places mentioned therein, and another dealing with the characters associated with these places. The analysis is intended to be exhaustive and includes those places, obviously less frequent, outside of Italy (in this regard, it should be remembered that Dante could not have had much greater knowledge of geography than that already condensed in Ptolemy’s Ecumene). To this end, groups of high school students were asked to read all the cantos of the three Canticles of which Dante’s Divine Comedy (by Dante Alighieri) is composed, and to prepare a list of the required data in a properly ordered list. Their dedication and painstaking efforts have provided an indispensable, unvaluable, and essential support for the creation of the database from which the statistical, graphical, and geomatic analyses that form the core of this paper are derived. Next, the variance analysis (performed using the Pearson correlation coefficient) and the connection analysis (performed with the Bonferroni indices) are presented, observing the absence of a law on the average behaviour of the variables treated and yet a not entirely random permutation (in contrast, the values of the correlation coefficients display curious tendencies in Inferno and Paradiso, reflecting Dante’s political ideas, while being almost non-existent in Purgatorio). Lastly, a network is created to organise the information flow between characters and places on the basis of the tables into which the data collected was placed. This network has a functional model similar to that of a levelling network, or a network of potential differences or flows, in other disciplines (despite the obvious absence of observations and a stochastic-metrological model for them). The data collected are condensed into a series of anamorphic maps that facilitate their reading. The analysis as a whole does not seek to analyse the Divine Comedy but rather to highlight, from a statistical point of view, the rigour of Dante’s creation, in terms of its accuracy and reliability. On the other hand, from a geomatics point of view, the work does provide a further example of the possibilities offered by geomatics applications that today are able to find uses in areas traditionally far removed from geomatics and applied geomatics, such as those of the human sciences.

This study-experiment analyses the syntactic and semantic ties among images, texts and maps by using a blend of Geomatics and Linguistics techniques. Specifically, this work deals with the construction of a map on the basis of a written text representing a pictorial description of a panoramic mountain view. The aims are to demonstrate the aforementioned linkages and to measure the quality results in quantitative terms: the whole procedure is performed in seven steps (described in the introduction) and it closes with a final statistical evaluation. In order to achieve this task, a photograph was taken from the top of Mount San Giorgio, in Switzerland (Canton of Ticino), near Lake Lugano.

In recent decades many Geomatics-based methods have been created to reconstruct and visualize objects, and these include digital photogrammetry, Lidar, remote sensing and hybrid techniques. The methods used to process such data are the result of research straddling the fields of Geomatics and Computer Vision, and employ techniques arising from approaches of analytical, geometric and statistical nature. One of the most fascinating fields of application concerns Architecture, which, moreover, has always depended on Mathematics generally and, more specifically, on Geometry. Throughout history the link between Geometry and Architecture has been strong and while architects have used mathematics to construct their buildings, geometry has always been the essential tool allowing them to choose spatial shapes which are aesthetically appropriate. Historically, mathematics and philosophy have been interrelated; many philosophers of the past were also mathematicians. The link between Philosophy and Architecture is twofold: on the one hand, philosophers have discussed what architecture is, on the other, philosophy has contributed to the development of architecture. We will deal with the ties between Architecture, Geometry and Philosophy over the centuries. Although there are artistic suggestions that go beyond time and space, and there are genial precursors, we can identify, in principle, some epochs: the ancient era, the modern era, and finally the contemporary epoch, from the crisis of positivistic sciences to globalisation.

The original implant map (OI) of Italian Cadaster was first made out of topographical measurements. These maps have never been used for public consultation, but they are the most accurate ones. The publicly accessible maps are named "visure maps" (VM) and were obtained from the original implant maps and consistently updated. However, these maps have suffered many deformations due to continuous use over time. These VM were then vectorialized at the beginning of the 2000s and have therefore undergone a further process of degradation. The goal of this work is to improve the accuracy of the Italian VM using the metric informations. This can be achieved if we can precisely model the deformations, measurable by the recognition of boundaries and details still present on both maps and, after this, to apply this inverse model to the visure maps. The illustrated procedure is adaptable to other cartographies with similar problems.

Concepts of space and time were important for man, at various levels, for philosophy, science and religion. Astronomy, Philosophy, Mathematics, Physics, Geography and Cartography were most involved topics. Actually, shape and history of Universe, and specially of Earth, are related to their representation: so, ideas about space and time have largely coped with survey and mapping, from Geodesy to Geomatics.

: Data processing collects several methodologies and procedures able to analyse various kinds of data. Among these, geodesy and related sciences imply traditionally data processing in order to assure precision, accuracy, reliability of the estimates. In fact the above mentioned approach involves generally all physical sciences and particularly the earth sciences. On the other hand, pbotogrammetry, remote sensing and cartography are moving recently in direction of information technology. This means that data processing requires also new tools, like data compression, signal enhancement, data understanding, hypertexts and multimedia.

Abstract. Throughout history the link between geometry and architecture has been strong and while architects have used mathematics to construct their buildings, geometry has always been the essential tool allowing them to choose spatial shapes which are aesthetically appropriate. Sometimes it is geometry which drives architectural choices, but at other times it is architectural innovation which facilitates the emergence of new ideas in geometry. Among the best known types of geometry (Euclidean, projective, analytical, Topology, descriptive, fractal,…) those most frequently employed in architectural design are: – Euclidean Geometry – Projective Geometry – The non-Euclidean geometries. Entire architectural periods are linked to specific types of geometry. Euclidean geometry, for example, was the basis for architectural styles from Antiquity through to the Romanesque period. Perspective and Projective geometry, for their part, were important from the Gothic period through the Renaissance and into the Baroque and Neo-classical eras, while non-Euclidean geometries characterize modern architecture.

Both Geography and Statistics use graphical representations. Information Technology has enhanced the visualization of data, beyond the traditional aspects, to such an extent that we can nowadays speak of an "image society". Traditional thematic mapping also shows transformations of a variable over time, linking the geographical datum to the time variable. For some decades now a number of cartograms have been in use, for which the base area is displaced as a function of a particular factor, these are known as anamorphic cartograms. An anamorphic map is easier to read and may give an overview of a geographic whole.

The authors, in the 700th year from the birth of Giovanni Boccaccio, intend to celebrate the event by their proper means: statistical, numerical, computing, and cartographic techniques, as used in Geomatics. However, we also mean to have an interface between Geomatics and Humanistics for hybridation of different areas.

Various types of technology are used for Terrestrial Mobile Mapping (TMM) such as IMU, cameras, odometers, laser scanner etc., which are integrated in order to determine the attitude and the position of the vehicle in use, especially in the absence of GNSS signal i.e. in an urban canyon. The aim of this study is to use only photogrammetric measurements obtained with a low cost camera (with a reduced focal length and small frames) located on the vehicle, in order to improve the quality of TMM solution in the absence of a GNSS signal. It is essential to have good quality frames in order to solve this problem. In fact it is generally quite easy to extract a large number of common points between the frames (the so-called ‘tie points’), but this does not necessarily imply the goodness of the matching quality, which might be uncorrected due to the presence of obstacles that may occlude the camera sight. The Authors used two different methods for solving the problem of the presence of outliers: RANSAC and the Forward Search. In this article the Authors show the results obtainable with good quality frames (frames without occlusions) and under difficult conditions that simulate better reality.

Landslides are one of the major geo-hazards which have constantly affected Italy especially over the last few years. In fact 82% of the Italian territory is affected by this phenomenon which destroys the environment and often causes deaths: therefore it is necessary to monitor these effects in order to detect and prevent these risks. Nowadays, most of this type of monitoring is carried out by using traditional topographic instruments (e.g. total stations) or satellite techniques such as global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers. The level of accuracy obtainable with these instruments is sub-centimetrical in post-processing and centimetrical in real-time; however, the costs are very high (many thousands of euros). The rapid diffusion of GNSS networks has led to an increase of using mass-market receivers for real-time positioning. In this paper, the performances of GNSS mass-market receiver are reported with the aim of verifying if this type of sensor can be used for real-time landslide monitoring: for this purpose a special slide was used for simulating a landslide, since it enabled us to give manual displacements thanks to a micrometre screw. These experiments were also carried out by considering a specific statistical test (a modified Chow test) which enabled us to understand if there were any displacements from a statistical point of view in real time. The tests, the algorithm and results are reported in this paper.

La fondazione della scienza nuova puo essere diversamente collocata tra il basso medioevo ed il tardo rinascimento. Infatti il ritorno in Europa delle tradizioni culturali del mondo antico, andate perse durante le invasioni barbariche (ovvero le migrazioni di popoli germanici, slavi e d'origine mongola) e l'alto medioevo, avviene ad opera della scienza araba, con il contributo d'antecedenti mediazioni bizantine, persiane ed indiane. D'altra parte, la fondazione di una nuova scienza, basata su un suo proprio metodo scientifico, e datata alla fine del ‘500 (con l'opera fondamentale di Galileo) e si colloca soprattutto nel ‘600 francese (il secolo d'oro, dominato dalla figura di Cartesio). La scienza si sviluppa poi notevolmente nel tardo ‘600, con l'opera di Leibniz e Newton, e trova la sua strutturazione filosofica nel ‘700 (il secolo dei lumi), ad opera di Kant. Innumerevoli personaggi, da Keplero a Fermat e Pascal, come pure da Eulero e Lagrange a Gauss, popolano questo periodo fecondo che puo dirsi solennemente concluso con l'Enciclopedia (o Dizionario ragionato delle Scienze, delle Arti e dei Mestieri) di Denis Diderot e Jean-Baptiste Le Rond D'Alembert

A partire dall'inizio dell''800, fino ad oggi, nonostante la prodigiosa crescita economica, il fortissimo sviluppo civile e l'innegabile progresso sociale, l'insieme delle scienze e percorso dalla crisi delle conoscenze. Altre crisi interessano le lettere e le arti, e gravi minacce incombono sui vari ecosistemi, sulla convivenza pacifica, sulla stabilita economica ed addirittura sulla legalita e sulla legittimita democratica

A partire dall'inizio dell''800, fino ad oggi, nonostante la prodigiosa crescita economica, il fortissimo sviluppo civile e l'innegabile progresso sociale, l'insieme delle scienze e percorso dalla crisi delle conoscenze. Altre crisi interessano le lettere e le arti, e gravi minacce incombono sui vari ecosistemi, sulla convivenza pacifica, sulla stabilita economica ed addirittura sulla legalita e sulla legittimita democratica