Drifting seaweeds refer to certain higher aquatic plants and macroalgae that float on the water surface.They typically originate from seagrass beds and macroalgal beds,where large algae are broken off or dislodged by typhoons,waves,or natural abscission during specific growth stages,and are subsequently transported over long distances by wind and currents.When drifting seaweeds proliferate and accumulate in large quantities,they can trigger ecological disaster events.In recent years,"golden tides"caused by drifting Sargassum horneri have been observed in the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea,with their frequency,scale,and severity showing an increasing trend annually.However,current domestic research on marine ecological anomalies related to macroalgae in coastal waters primarily focuses on the traceability and ecological control of green tides(Ulva prolifera),while studies on the outbreak mechanisms and ecological effects of S.horneri golden tides remain limited.To investigate the impact of golden tides on marine ecosystems and understand the characteristics of nekton community structure in coastal areas affected by drifting seaweeds,this study was conducted in the coastal waters of Zhoushan,Zhejiang-a major outbreak area of drifting S.horneri in China.In April 2023,bottom trawl surveys were carried out to analyze the diversity of the nekton community in both drifting seaweed patches and adjacent control areas.Community structure,species composition,resource density,and biodiversity indices were compared between the two areas.A total of 69 nekton species were identified in the survey area,belonging to 12 orders,37 families,and 59 genera.The total number of species recorded in the drifting seaweed area and the control area was similar,with 11 orders,28 families,45 genera and 54 species in the drifting seaweed area,and 11 orders,32 families,49 genera and 56 species in the control area.Two dominant species were identified in the drifting seaweed area,compared to one in the control area.The common dominant species in both areas was Lophius litulon.However,significant differences were observed in the size of L.litulon between the two areas.Smaller juveniles were more abundant in the drifting seaweed area,while larger juveniles were more distributed in the control area,suggesting that L.litulon may prefer sheltering within drifting seaweed litter during early developmental stages.In terms of resource density,the average numerical density(62,194 ind./km2)and biomass density(592.19 kg/km2)of nekton in the drifting seaweed area were higher than those in the control area(22,461 ind./km2 and 525.16 kg/km2).This indicates that drifting seaweeds enhance the spatial heterogeneity of surface and bottom waters to some extent,providing favorable aggregation or conservation effects on nekton and functioning similarly to"floating fish reefs"or"benthic fish reefs,"thereby positively promoting the conservation of coastal fishery resources.However,it should be noted that the single trawl survey method used in this study only covered the nekton community in the water layer beneath the edge of the algal patches.The aggregation of organisms in this area may be more influenced by the shading effect of drifting seaweed or the attraction of algal litter.The abundance characteristics of nekton within the algal patches require further investigation using more appropriate sampling techniques.Regarding community diversity,the Shannon-Wiener index(2.632)and Pielou's evenness index(0.660)were higher in the drifting seaweed area than in the control area(2.136 and 0.531),while the Margalef richness index(6.771)was lower than in the control area(7.421).This suggests that species distribution evenness improved in the drifting seaweed area,with a more balanced abundance distribution among nekton groups,thereby enhancing overall community diversity.The decrease in species richness in the drifting seaweed area reflects significant habitat differences between the drifting seaweed patches and the surrounding waters,which may be closely related to the sheltering effect of drifting seaweeds and the abundant organic matter provided by algal litter.In conclusion,the presence of drifting seaweeds in the coastal waters of Zhejiang increases habitat heterogeneity and alters the dominant species composition compared to adjacent areas.The existence of drifting seaweeds has a positive impact on the diversity of the nekton community structure and the biomass of fishery resources in the affected areas.Therefore,during the harvesting,utilization,or control of drifting seaweeds,their potential effects on the ecological environment and fishery resource conservation should be fully considered to achieve a balance between resource utilization and ecological protection.

Coastal halophytes thrive in saline habitats and provide valuable models for uncovering the mechanisms underlying salt tolerance. Suaeda australis (R. Br.) Moq., a halophytic species, exhibits remarkable salt tolerance accompanied by leaf betacyanin accumulation, yet its molecular basis remains unclear. Integrating physiological, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analyses, SaWRKY40 was identified as a key transcription factor that directly regulates SaCYP76AD1, a cytochrome P450 gene in the betanin biosynthetic pathway. Under high salinity, SaWRKY40 expression was strongly induced, activating SaCYP76AD1 transcription and enhancing the conversion of L-tyrosine to L-DOPA, leading to substantial betacyanin accumulation. This was accompanied by increased antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD and CAT) and reduced ROS levels (O2•⁻, H₂O₂), indicating improved redox balance under salt stress. A proposed mechanistic model suggested that salt stress triggers SaWRKY40, which transcriptionally activates SaCYP76AD1 to promote betacyanin accumulation. The accumulated betacyanin promoted ROS scavenging, stabilizing cellular redox homeostasis and mitigating oxidative damage. This SaWRKY40-SaCYP76AD1 regulatory module supports a novel link between betacyanin and salt tolerance in halophytes.

With societal advancements, the use of machine-made sand has become increasingly prevalent. However, its production generates significant waste with limited utility. To address this issue, this study introduces an innovative ecological concrete material with a high substitution rate, examining the feasibility of using machine-made sand waste in concrete for 3D-printed artificial reefs. Experimental results showed that the incorporation ratio of machine-made sand waste could reach 30 %. Although this inclusion slightly reduced the concrete's mechanical properties, it achieved a compressive strength exceeding 30 MPa after 28 days of curing, meeting the requirements for artificial reef construction. Additionally, the material demonstrated excellent printability, producing well-formed components with intact appearances. Observations from laboratory fish behavioral studies and field tests in marine environments confirmed that the concrete material did not adversely affect the activity or growth of benthic fish species and exhibited favorable bio-affinity. Furthermore, the carbon emissions associated with this material were significantly lower than those of traditional concrete reef materials. In conclusion, this novel concrete offers significant advantages in terms of mechanical performance, printability, biocompatibility, and carbon emissions, providing essential theoretical and experimental support for the development and promotion of eco-friendly artificial reef materials.

Strategic release of hatchery-reared fish is critical for restoring marine fisheries resources. However, maintaining essential life skills in these cultured fish has been a century-old challenge in fisheries science, as growth and survival in the wild are often notably afflicted by the lack of natural stimuli in their rearing environments. Exercise training in fish hatcheries shows promise for enhancing physical and cognitive development and improving both neurological function and behavioural adaptations. Here, we assess the impacts of exercise at four water velocities (0, 1, 2 or 4 body lengths per s, [BL/s]) on cognition, brain and behaviour of black seabream, Acanthopagrus schlegelii. Results indicate exercise can improve cognition, evidenced by fewer navigation mistakes in a detour task. Exercise also positively influenced neurone density in the telencephalon, but it did not have the same effect in the cerebellum. Behavioural characteristics were mostly unaffected, but a tendency for higher activity levels was noted in fish exercised at 2 BL/s. These findings suggest that exercise at 2-4 BL/s benefits the cognitive performance of hatchery-reared fish destined for release into natural environments. Given the simplicity of incorporating exercise in hatchery environments, it offers a promising strategy to enhance fish performance postrelease in stock enhancement programmes. (c) 2025 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

为研究柴油水溶性组分对褐菖鲉稚鱼行为反应和胆碱酯酶活性的影响,本研究以我国东海区典型的近岸岩礁性鱼类褐菖鲉为研究对象,以近岸海水本底调查的石油烃浓度为参考,探讨了不同浓度船用燃料油(0#柴油水溶性组分,DWSF)对褐菖鲉稚鱼行为活跃性、探索性及捕食能力的影响,并结合鳃的组织学变化与神经传递相关酶活性变化探究了石油类污染对褐菖鲉稚鱼的毒性效应.结果表明,当海水中DWSF浓度增加时,褐菖鲉稚鱼的探索性与活跃性均呈现先升高后降低的趋势.当DWSF浓度超过四类海水标准时(＞0.30mg/L),稚鱼的行为活跃性受到明显抑制,捕食能力显著降低;通过组织学观察发现,当DWSF浓度达到0.45mg/L时,稚鱼的鳃组织会出现明显的病变和损伤,与神经传递相关的胆碱酯酶活性受到明显抑制,死亡率升高.综上可知,海水柴油污染能够引发褐菖鲉稚鱼的行为异常,显著降低其活饵捕食成功率,推断神经和呼吸系统功能受损可能是引发其行为异常的重要原因.为确保褐菖鲉等近岸岩礁性鱼类幼体的正常生长发育,海水中DWSF浓度应控制在0.45mg/L以下.

Mangroves are an important component of coastal wetland ecosystems, and low temperature is the main factor that limits their extension to higher latitudes. Kandelia obovata as one of the most cold-tolerant species in mangrove ecosystems can provide basis for the northward migration of mangrove ecosystems. We took K. obovata seedlings from Zhoushan (Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China) as the research object in this study. Transcriptome sequencing based on the Illumina HiSeqTM 2500 platform was performed to compare the transcriptome changes of roots, stems, and leaves before and after freezing and to reveal the molecular mechanisms of frost resistance. A total of 1560, 370, and 416 genes were differentially expressed in the roots, stems, and leaves before and after cold snaps, respectively. Among these differentially expressed genes, 13 positive and negative regulators were attributed to the CBL-CIPK signaling network and MAPK cascade, which might be related to the frost resistance mechanism of K. obovata Transcription factors such as AP2/EREBP and bHLH were involved in regulating the synthesis pathways of ethylene, cytokinin, growth hormone, and flavonoids. Results provide new insights into the frost resistance mechanism of K. obovata seedlings.

基于2016年10月和2017年4月在毗邻杭州湾口且位于岱衢洋的舟山长白海域的渔业资源及6个主要环境因子调查数据,通过相对重要性指数、生态位宽度、长度谱分析以及冗余分析等研究了鱼类群落结构特征.研究得出:2季共鉴定鱼类24种,定居性或短距离洄游种类比例较高,2季均达11种;其中,优势种或重要种以重要经济种类为主,且多为营养级较高的肉食性种类,群落组成种类总体上经济价值较高.生态位宽度分析可知,春、秋2季鱼类生态位宽度值变化大,春季鱼类生态位宽度值总体高于秋季;生态位宽度值和相对重要性指数值之间无绝对正相关关系,两者关系受鱼类分布均匀性的影响较大.长度谱分析表明,该海域春、秋2季鱼类体长5～15 cm的尾数分别占当季总尾数的78.54％和74.95％,20 cm以上的大个体占比则分别为2.77％和0.83％;长度谱直线斜率和截距显示,秋季营养循环效率低,生产效率较高,春季则相反.冗余分析表明pH、溶解氧(DO)、化学需氧量(COD)及温度等均是影响2季物种分布的主要环境因素.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Chrysochir aureus was sequenced. The full length of the mitochondrial genome was 16,501 bp, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNA genes, a non-coding control region (CR) and one origin of replication on the light-strand (OL). The total nucleotide composition of mitochondrial DNA was 26.95% A, 29.99% C, 26.29% T, and 16.77% G. Twelve PCGs used the canonical ATG as their initiation codon, whereas COI gene started with an alternative start codon GTG. The mitochondrial genome of C. aureus described in this study could be a useful basis for management of this species and laid a foundation for further research involved with phylogenetic relationship within Sciaenidae.

The Indian driftfish (Cubiceps squamiceps) is one of the most important commercial fish species in China, Japan and India. The complete mitogenome of Cubiceps squamiceps was determined in this study. The assembled mitogenome was 16,507 bp and consisted of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs, two rRNAs, and a control region. Nucleotide composition of the complete mitogenome was 27.5% A, 28.5% C, 17.5% G, and 26.5% T, with an A + T bias of 53.9%. The maximum-likelihood tree based on 13 protein-coding genes showed that Cubiceps pauciradiatus and Psenes pellucidus were the closest to C. squamiceps.

基于沿浦湾2014年10月(秋季)和2016年10月(秋季)的潮间带大型底栖动物调查资料,运用生态位宽度、生态位重叠、功能群分类和冗余分析(RDA)等指标与方法,分析秋茄(Kandelia candel)种植前、后大型底栖动物的生态位、功能群变化.研究结果表明,秋茄种植后广生态位种和中生态位种物种数占比与种植前相比较均有所增加,窄生态位种物种数占比减少.种植前生态位重叠值最大的种对为大青弹涂鱼(Scartelaos gigas)和细螯虾(Leptochela gracilis)(0.94),种植后则分别为豆形拳蟹(Pyrhila pisum)和微黄镰玉螺(Lunatica gilva)(0.99)、堇拟沼螺(Assiminea violacea)和光滑河篮蛤(Potamocorbula laevis)(0.99).种植后高、中潮带功能群多样性较种植前上升,而低潮带功能群多样性下降;种植后浮游生物食者(Pl)、植食者(Ph)和杂食者(Om)的密度较种植前均增加,而肉食者(Ca)的密度略有减少.秋茄种植前3个潮带之间无显著性差异(P>0.05);秋茄种植后高潮带与低潮带,以及中潮带与低潮带均有显著性差异(P<0.05).冗余分析(RDA)得出,对大型底栖动物群落具有较大影响的因子由种植前的铅、镉和石油类变为种植后的锌、镉和砷.总之,苍南沿浦湾秋茄林种植对大型底栖动物生态位和功能群总体上具有积极的改善作用.

本文基于2014年11月(秋季)和2015年5月(春季)在三门湾开展的渔业资源调查,结合杭州湾、象山湾、台州湾与乐清湾等4个相似的海湾的相关资料作为对照,依据《中国海洋生物名录》分别构建5个海湾的鱼种名录.以分类多样性指数、分类阶元包含指数、G-F多样性指数等进行多维度析.结果表明:平均分类差异指数(△+)象山湾最高(56.01),三门湾最低(48.79).分类变异差异指数(Λ+)亦为象山湾最高(553.83),三门湾最低(313.63),由此可见象山湾鱼类在各分类阶元分布最不均匀,三门湾最均匀.关于分类阶元包含指数,三门湾鱼类的科、属、种的分类阶元包含指数值均较高;在目级水平上,杭州湾鱼类分类阶元包含指数最低,其余分类阶元上象山湾鱼类最低.G-F指数分析结果显示则显示:象山湾G-F指数最高(0.62),杭州湾最低(0.43).由此得出,在目级水平上台州湾与乐清湾之间相似性最高(0.84),相似性最低的是三门湾与象山湾(0.5);在科级水平上台州湾与乐清湾之间相似性最高(0.71),相似性最低的是象山湾与台州湾(0.54).综上,象山湾鱼类分类多样性最高,三门湾最低.本文通过揭示5个海湾鱼类多样性特征及差异,以期为鱼类资源的开发、利用、保护和管理等应用研究提供科学依据.

Based on the data of the fisheries resources survey in the Zhoushan Changbai sea area in October 2016 (autumn) and April 2017 (spring), the ecological niche, interspecific ecological relationship, and ecological niche differentiation of the major nekton species were studied using the methods of niche breadth, niche overlap, and redundancy analysis (RDA). The results showed the presence of 11 and 8 major nekton species in spring and autumn, respectively, with large differences between the niche breadth values obtained in the two seasons. It is observed that there are three kinds of both wild ecological species and middle niche species in spring, and two in autumn, with five and four narrow niche species in spring and

浙江渔场修复振兴暨"一打三整治"(依法打击涉渔"三无"船舶和违反伏休规定等违法生产经营行为,全面开展渔船"船证不符"整治、禁用渔具整治和污染海洋环境行为整治)专项执法行动实施以来,已取得显著成效,但也存在一些问题.文章基于调研所获资料,综合分析涉渔"三无"船舶回潮、部分伏休政策实施困难以及渔船"船证不符"、禁用渔具和海洋环境污染整治不彻底等问题及其原因,提出建立长效机制、加大整治力度和建立省内外联动机制的对策建议,为浙江省海洋生态修复、渔业资源保护和渔业可持续发展的相关决策提供参考.

Base on the data from fishery resources survey carried out in northern coastal waters in Yuhuan in November 2016 (autumn) and April 2017 (spring), we examined the niche and interspecific associations of major nekton by the methods of index of relative importance (IRI), niche breadth, niche overlap, the variance ratio (VR), X2-test, association coefficient (AC), Jaccard index (JI), point correlation coefficient (Φ) and Spearman rank correlation index. The ecological niche breadth of Portunus trituberculatus was the largest, with the absolute competitive advantage. The niche breadths of the important economic species Coilia nasus and Octopus variabilis were the smallest, which was at a weak competitive position. The niche overlap of the major nekton species in this area was uneven, possibly caused by the diversity of local environments. Overall interspecific associations indicated that insignificant negative correlation existed among major nekton species. All results of the X2-test, association coefficient (AC) and Jaccard index (JI) were consistent with that of overall interspecific associations, which indicated the independent trend among species. The correlation coefficients (Φ) and the Spearman rank correlation index revealed that the positive coupling pairs were more than the negative ones. It was due to the positive association among the other 14 species, caused by the spatial exclusion from large captured individuals of Muraenesox cinereus. According to the Spearman rank correlation and cluster analysis, 15 species could be divided into five ecological groups. The species within one ecological group had similar ecologically adaptable requirements of habitat, while the species from different ecological groups had different living habits and different ecological requirements.

根据2014年11月(秋季)和2015年5月(春季)在三门湾进行渔业资源调查以及同步调查的6个主要环境因子数据(水温、盐度、悬浮物、pH、溶解氧及化学需氧量等),对三门湾鱼类群落结构及其与6个主要环境因子的关系进行了研究.结果显示,共捕获鱼类33种,其中以季节性洄游种类和暖水性种类为主.春、秋季优势种各有5种,其中棘头梅童鱼、龙头鱼和孔虾虎鱼为共同优势种.应用非度量多维测度分析(NMDS)和单因子相似性分析(ANOSIM)可得,春、秋鱼类群落均可划分为2组,其中1组主要分布在湾内,而另1组主要分布在湾口,在不同站位组间均存在极显著差异.长度谱分析结果显示,鱼类群落长度谱的斜率和截距有明显的季节性差异.RDA分析结果表明,鱼类群落主要受温度、溶解氧、悬浮物和pH等环境因子影响.

According to the survey data of macrobenthos in intertidal zone along Yanpu bay on October 2014 (autumn), March 2015 (spring), October 2016 (autumn) and March 2017 (spring), the species diversity index, G-F diversity index and ABC curve were used to analyze the changes of macrobenthos community be-fore and after the planting of Kandelia candel. The results showed that the distribution of density and biomass in autumn before planting was: low tide zone (96.0 and 119.1)> middle tide zone (66.8 and 92.3)>high tide zone(35.6 and 34.1). After planting: high tide zone (185.6 and 278)>middle tide zone (81.6 and 162.6)>low tide zone (45.6 and 77.9); Distribution of density and biomass in spring after planting: Low tide zone (64.8 and 68.8)>high tide zone (36.0 and 25.8)>middle tide zone (23.6 and 16.8). After planting, the density of middle tide zone (182.8) > high tide zone (118.8) > low tide zone (25.2). Biomass high tide zone (215.9) > middle tide zone (180.8)>low tide zone (39.5); Species diversity index and G-F diversity index showed that the communi-ty diversity was increased. The disturbance of macrobenthos community after planting was improved from seri-ous to moderate in autumn. Except from the similar characteristics of macrobenthos community in the middle tide zone and autumn, the improvement of community disturbance in the spring in high tide zone was more ob-vious, but the improvement of disturbance in the low tide zone community was not obvious. The marine ecosys-tem of the intertidal zone has been improved better. It is suggested that the local government and its competent departments should increase the investment to further strengthen the mangrove construction along the Yanpu bay. At the same time the local government and its competent departments should strengthen the law enforce-ment management and strictly prohibit all man-made development activities that seriously damage the ecologi-cal environment.

The studies about the niche and interspecific association in China were mainly focused on the plants, birds and marine animals, and seldom on fish. Based on the fishery resources survey in spring (May) and autumn (September) in 2015, the associations among major fish species in south coastal waters of Wenzhou were investigated. The methods including niche breadth, niche overlap, variance ratio (VR), Χ2-test, association coefficient (AC), percentage of co-occurrence (PC) and point correlation coefficients (Ф) were used. The results showed that 47 fish species were identified, including 9 orders, 27 families and 41 genera. Four species were dominant species and 9 were important species, which together accounted for 17%. The niche breadth cluster analysis demonstrated two clearly identifiable ecological niches. The first one referred to wide niche that included Harpodon nehereus, Collichthys lucidus, Engraulis japonicas, Pampus echinogaster, Argyrosomus argentatus, Polynemus sextarius, Decapterus maruadsi and Trichiurus haumela, and the second one was narrow niche that included Muraenesox cinereus, Amblychaeturichthys hexanema, Cunoglossus robustus, Pseudosciaena polyactis and Ilisha elongate. The niche overlap value of the main fish was 0-0.90, indicating that there was difference in the resource utilization among the species. The ecological niche widths of C. robustus and M. cinereus were narrow, and the overlap values were high. This indicated that there was competition between these two species. The VR analysis revealed significant positive correlation among the main fish species. In view of the advantages of Ф value, which could reduce the impact of the analysis results of Χ2-test, AC and PC to the interspecific association, the Ф value method was selected in this study, and the association of 63 couples were positive. Both the interspecific association and ecological niche had different degrees of correlation with the stability of community structure and community succession.

The southern coastal waters of Wenzhou is in the mid to southern parts of the East China Sea. This area is influenced by the high temperature and high salinity conditions of the Taiwan Warm Current, the low salinity of the Zhejiang Coastal Current, and the southern coastal upwelling. These waters are rich in nutrients and baitfish and are highly diverse with fish species. The area is a typical ecological region of the East China Sea shelf. Cluster analysis, non-metric multidimensional scaling, and a diversity index was used to analyze the patterns of commu-nity composition, diversity, and community structure based on data from two fishery resources investigations conducted in May (spring) and September (autumn) 2015 in the area. The results identified 47 species in the southern coastal waters of Wenzhou, which belonged to 41 genera, 27 families, nine orders, and two classes. Warmwater and warm temperate species were dominant, and Perciformes were the most abundant, with 26 species, followed by Clupeiformes, with six species. The third most frequent group was Tetraodontiformes, with four spe-cies. The dominant species in spring were Engraulis japonicas,Pampus echinogaster, Amblychaeturichthys hex-anema, and Collichthys lucidus, accounting for 49.3% of the total catch. The dominant species in autumn were Harpodon nehereus,Collichthys lucidus, and Polynemus sextarius, accounting for 50.8% of total catch.Engraulis japonicas, Decapterus maruadsi, Psenopsis anomala, Harpodon nehereus, Ilisha elongate, and Polynemus sex-tariuswere typically found at all stations in both seasons, and they were the major divergent species causing community differences among stations. Pearson's correlation analysis indicated that the richness index (D) and the Shannon–Wiener diversity index (H') were positively correlated with dissolved oxygen, salinity, and temperature. A canonical correspondence analysis suggested that the main environmental factors affecting the spatial patterns of fish assemblages were pH, depth, and salinity. pH represents the sum of some of the chemical properties in wa-ter and is the result of interactions among factors. pH can be affected by salinity and temperature. The canonical correspondence analysis results showed a division in the fish community in spring, which was likely due to influx of the high temperature and high salinity water in the Taiwan Warm Current. This current forms an obvious salin-ity gradient in the local coastal strip, which further affected the division of the spring fish community. The Taiwan Warm Current retreated in autumn, and the lower temperature and lower salinity of the Zhejiang and Fujian Coastal Currents gradually carried a large amount of silt into the study area. Therefore, whether temperature, sa-linity, and suspended particles affected the fish community structure requires further investigation.

As an important cephalopods species, Sepiella maindroni fishery has suffered a severe decline due to over-fishing since the 1980s. Stock enhancement has been applied to the resource recovery of this species, but a sexual precocity appeared in breeding process. In order to understand the regulatory mechanism of this phenomenon, we generated the whole transcriptome of S. maindroni based on the total RNA of tissue samples (eyestalk, peduncle, tentacle, gill, muscle and ovary) using Illumina RNA-seq technology. De novo assembly was performed using Trinity software and a total of 31,979,244 high-quality clean reads were randomly assembled to produce 74,245 contigs. All contigs were further assembled and clustered into 58,224 unigenes. Among the predictable unigenes, a total of 14,346 unigenes were annotated based on protein databases. We assessment the annotation completeness using BUSCO software package and the result showed that 91.5% protein-coding genes were found in our assembled transcripts. At last, we predicted the structure of all unigenes using TransDecoder software and MIcroSAtellite identification tool, respectively. Result showed that a total of 26,037 nucleotide sequences of coding regions (direction of the sequences is 5′→3′) were confirmed to the protein database and a total of 13,471 simple sequence repeats were identified. Our goal was to provide an important foundation for future genomic research on the cephalopod and further evaluate the effectiveness of stock enhancement.

Oufei Beach is located in Wenzhou, with its northern border along the river mouth of the Oujiang River estuary and its southern border along the Feiyun River estuary. A beach reclamation project and a series of marine engineering construction efforts will inevitably lead to changes in the local nekton community. Therefore, we aimed to carry out a survey of the nekton resources along the Oufei shoal in the adjacent waters and to evaluate its community structure, to provide baseline data for observing trends of change. This information is of great signifi-cance for evaluating and restoring ecological health of the area. Data were obtained from a fisheries resources survey carried out near Oufei Beach in May 2013. A series of statistical methods including population encounter incidence (PIE), variance ratio (VR), χ2 test, association coefficient (AC), percentage of co-occurrence (PC), point correlation coefficients (Φ), Ochiai index, functional group classification, and trophic level constituents combin-ing the means of niches were used to analyze the relationships among the major marine nekton species. Our results showed a population encounter incidence of 0.65. The maximum population encounter incidence was observed in Amblychaeturichthys hexanema, at 0.244, and the minimum population encounter incidence was observed in Coilia mystus at 0.01. Amblychaeturichthys hexanema and Leptochelia gracilis formed a species pair with a maximum value of 0.305, while C. mystus and Sardinella nymphaea formed a species pair with a minimum value of 0.003. There were significant positive correlations between the major nekton community species. Most species pairs had weak positive association or were unrelated, indicating that species had independent distributions. Ac-cording to feeding habit, the major nekton species can be divided into five functional groups; in this survey, the omnivorous group formed the most numerous of these, while the phytophagous group was not represented by any species. Based on the relationship among the functional groups, the trophic levels for major nekton species varied from the second to fourth trophic levels, with the third and fourth trophic levels as the key trophic levels in our study. A combination of the above methods yields a comprehensive analysis of the major nekton adjacent to Oufei Beach, showing functional relationships between different populations. An in-depth analysis and study of inter-species relationships in this habitat is valuable as a scientific basis for protecting fisheries resources, developing breeding programs, and building management strategies. Our study has demonstrated that the ecosystem structure in Oufei Beach is mature, and that the community has the capacity to tolerate some degree of environmental change. However, the number of major nekton and the type of resources in the area have been heavily affected by environmental degradation of the area. To realize sustainable development of fisheries resources in this area, greater emphasis should be placed on the regeneration and maintenance of these resources.