[目的]蚊子传播可怕的疾病,每年造成许多人死亡,不仅增加医疗成本且降低生产力.竹炭生产副产物竹醋液(BV)由于用途有限而造成大量过剩,因此寻找BV的新型用途和扩大消费成为竹子利用产业链急需的科技需求.[方法]该研究采用了几种简单、实用和多学科的方法来确定BV的驱蚊效果,包括前臂皮肤着陆试验(FLT)、小腿皮肤着陆试验(LLT)和蔗糖饲养生物测定法(SBB).[结果]FLT结果表明,9.0%乙酸水溶液(AAWS)和 BV 对白纹伊蚊(Aedes albopictus)有较强的保护效果(94.9%),而商业液体杀虫剂和4.5%避蚊胺对白纹伊蚊的保护效果分别为 97.8%和 90.8%.LLT结果表明,使用液体电热蒸汽器,BV 和AAWS 对白纹伊蚊具有较好的保护效果(BV 和 4.5%AAWS 及9.0%AAWS的保护水平分别为 97.6%和 85.2%及 97.5%),商业杀虫剂保护水平为 99.5%.SBB表明,蚊子被AAWS的气味击退.BV(6.6%AA)、4.5%AAWS、9.0%AAWS 及 4.5%避蚊胺处理后的落蚊数差异不显著,但BV(6.6%AA)、4.5%AAWS、9.0%AAWS、避蚊胺和蒸馏水处理后落蚊数差异显著.保护期由长到短依次为:避蚊胺(75～90 min)=BV(75～90 min)＞甲酸(60～75 min)＞乙酸(45～60 min)＞丙酸(30～45 min)＞丁酸(15～30 min)＞水(0 min).另外对供试BV进行气-质谱联用分析发现挥发性物质69 种,其中酸类 9.00%、酚类 3.37%、酮类 2.21%、酯类 1.97%、糖类 0.81%、胺类0.76%、醇类0.37%、其余有机物 0.81%、水 80.70%.安全性试验表明:BV 小鼠骨髓微核率为阴性.[结论]BV可能部分取代杀虫剂、避蚊胺和精油作为个人防蚊的有效制剂.

为更好地了解并掌握香榧Torreya grandis'Merrillii'林下鼠茅Vulpia myuros的覆植技术,本文以丽水市松阳县象溪镇香榧基地为实验基地,对鼠茅的生长特性、生长规律进行观察,并对不同播种时间(2021年11 月10日和2022年 3月 5日)和覆土处理(不覆土、扫帚扫垄面覆土、扫帚扫垄面加铁锹拍压覆土)对鼠茅种子发芽及杂草萌生数量的影响进行研究.结果表明,鼠茅生长期为3～6个月,生长所需平均温度在11～24℃;春播鼠茅样地中的杂草萌生数量比秋播的多,二者呈极显著差异(P＜0.01);除秋播不覆土处理外,播种后,春播和秋播鼠茅种子的发芽率在50.8%～53.4%,其中春播鼠茅的发芽率比秋播的发芽率略高;鼠茅播种后的覆土措施以扫帚扫垄面覆土处理为宜.综合认为,鼠茅的播种时间以秋天(10-11月)为宜.

为了筛选出更适合毛竹Phyllostachys edulis林下栽培的灵芝Ganoderma lucidum品种,选用丽水大田灵芝主栽品种'灵芝119'和'灵芝19'为对照,以'灵芝29''灵芝39'为筛选品种,用菌丝生长速度、灵芝孢子粉子实体产量、三萜多糖含量等指标进行评价.结果表明,'灵芝29'具有发菌快,孢子粉产量高的优点,其孢子粉多糖、三萜含量比'灵芝 119'分别高 25.73%、3.83%,是毛竹林下收获孢子粉的灵芝栽培优选品种;野生筛选的品种'灵芝 39',虽然产量比'灵芝 19'低 2.83%,但其子实体中的三萜含量是'灵芝 19'的 7.88 倍,是毛竹林下收获子实体的灵芝栽培优选品种.

为了解仿野生栽培华重楼Paris polyphylla var.chinensis群落的病害发生情况,从而对人工栽培华重楼病害防治工作提供科学指导,本研究对浙江省遂昌县4个华重楼仿野生栽培基地的地理条件、林分状况、华重楼群落的染病情况及栽培管理措施等进行了调查统计,并对染病率、病情指数、倒苗率三个病情指标与海拔、林情、栽植密度及栽培管理措施的相关关系进行研究.结果表明,4个调查样地的病害程度依次为:垵口乡桂洋村<白马山林场<金竹镇叶村道班后<金竹镇叶村小银坑;生境海拔、郁闭度均与病情指标呈负相关关系;枝下高、林冠高、栽植密度对华重楼病情未表现出实质性影响;栽培管理措施对染病率和倒苗率未产生实际影响,但早期的药物防治和规律的拔草管护措施可以显著降低病情的严重程度.

Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua is a kind of perennial plant herb with high nutritional and medicinal value. This paper discusses the selection, preparation, seedling rearing, management, fertilization, and out of the nursery, providing technical support for the construction of the standard breeding base of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua.

利用缓坡竹林地,通过一定间距的整畦,加上中棚保护模式栽培段木灵芝,利用天然环境条件和自然环保的管理措施,栽培的灵芝及灵芝孢子粉品质好,有效成分高,是高品质灵芝栽培的良好模式.

Plantation of 3 precious tree species like Taxus chinensis var. mairei, Phoebe chekiangensis and P. Bournei in March 2013 with their 1-year container seedlings at roadside of village, cutting blank of Cunninghamia lanceolata and filling-up of Pinus massoniana stand. Investigations were conducted in October 2013 and February 2014 on survival rate in the current year and conservation rate of 3-year tested tree species. The results showed that survival and conservation rate of T.chinensis var. mairei had no obvious differences among different places, but average ground diameter and height growth of seedlings at cutting blank was the lowest. The survival and conservation rate, mean ground diameter and height growth of P. chekiangensis were the lowest in cutting blank, the highest in filling-up stand. The survival and conservation rate of P. Bournei had no obvious differences among different places, but conservation rate, mean ground diameter and height growth was the lowest at cutting blank, the highest at filling-up stand. The investigation resulted that the tested three tree species were not suitable for afforestation at cutting blank, and P. Bournei was not suitable for filling-up stand.

Experiments were implemented on afforestation in 2014 with bare-rooted and container Cyclobalanopsis gilva,Phoebe bournei andSchima superbaseedling at different slope sites in Jinyun, Zhejiang province. The result demonstrated that survival rate, ground diameter and height growth of different species of container seedling was significantly higher than that of bare-rooted ones. Survival rate, ground diameter and height growth of different species was ordered by downhill>medium slope>upslope. Survival rate ofS. superba seedlings at different slope sites was higher than that of the other two species, whilePh. bournei had advantage of ground diameter and height growth. The experiment resulted that container seedling could increase survival rate, and growth at downhill was better.

Spraying experiments with simulated acid rain(pH2.5, pH4.0, pH5.6) on seeding of Elaeocarpus decipiens were conducted to study the growth and nutrient content of the seedlings under different acid gradient. The results showed that the dry weight of the whole plant was about 2 times of the acid treatment group in control group (pH7.0). Acid rain treatment inhibited the growth of plants, which had the most significant effect on the stem. Compared with pH2.5 and ph5.6, the pH4.0 processing had the maximum dry weight and the minimum root shoot ratio. It is indicated that plants under pH4.0 processing had better adaptability. Under pH4.0 processing, the content of nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) in plants was higher, and the content of potassium(P) and magnesium(M) was higher in the stem, and lower in the root. With the decrease of pH value, the content of potassium(P) and sulfur(S) in plant leaves decreased significantly while the iron content(Fe) increased obviously, and the iron content in stem was significantly increased, the zinc(Zn) in root was obviously decreased. Acid rain has a certain inhibitory effect on the sulfur(S) of Elaeocarpus decipiens seedlings and the sulfur content of pH 5.6 treatment group in leaf and root were significantly higher than that of pH 2.5 and pH 4.0, namely that acid rain in the plant has produced the leaching phenomenon rather than brought the sulfur enrichment phenomenon.

In 2015, investigations were implemented on mean DBH, mean tree height, volume and DBH ofCrypotomeria fortunei plantations in Jinyun, Zhejiang province. The control was the stand planted in 1983 without any thinning so far, and the other 2 sample plots with treatment of thinning once and twice. The results showed that thinning had significant effect on mean DBH and volume growth. Mean DBH, mean tree height and individual tree volume was ordered by thinning twice > thinning once >control, as well as diameter increment.

综合菌棒发菌、出耳情况以及耳片商品品质,对来源于东北、陕西及浙江丽水等地的18个木耳(Auriculariaauricula-judae)菌株在浙江丽水地区进行品种栽培比较试验.结果表明,菌株新科5、A97-2、A08、Au233、黑丰5号、916-1比较适合浙江丽水地区栽培；其中A97-2、A08、Au233、黑丰5号出耳早,产量较高,可以作为秋季接种较迟的品种,品质以A08最好；新科5、916-1出耳较迟,产量高,抗烂棒能力强,是当前栽培的主流品种.

<正>目前绿化种苗虽然发展较快,但苗木发展集中于常规品种,品种少、树种单调。而水系绿化、山体绿化、城镇绿化、公路景观绿化的需要,迫切要求具备不同功能和观赏价值高的耐水湿、耐盐碱、色叶观赏以及同时具有二种以上功能的苗木。2002～2007年,通过课题组引进试种,筛选出符合市场和生产需求的优新多功能树种和优良乡土庭园绿化树种30余种,并摸索繁育栽培技术,建立优良种苗繁育示范基地,为生态建设和绿化美化环境提供物质和技术支撑,推出的新树种和相关技术具有广泛的推广前景。

以褐环粘盖牛肝菌菌球形状、大小、色泽、培养液颜色、摇瓶壁沉积物、菌丝球得率为评价指标,描述了发酵过程中菌丝活力变化情况,同时用量化的方法测定菌丝活力,结合两种方法全面的评价了褐环粘盖牛肝菌液体发酵过程中菌丝活力的变化情况.结果表明:褐环粘盖牛肝荫在液体培养14～18d收获,菌丝体活性最好,菌丝量基本上达到最大,是菌丝体理想的收获阶段.