Plasma-based seed treatment has attracted growing interest for its potential in sustainable agriculture, yet the distinction between in-situ solution plasma (IS-SP) and plasma-activated water soaking (PAW-SS) approaches in efficacy and mechanism remains unclear. This study employs an underwater array gas-liquid discharge system to compare their effects on melon seeds infected with Acidovorax citrulli (Ac). Both treatments achieved effective pathogen inactivation, improved germination, reduced disease incidence, and enhanced seedling physiology—but with distinct temporal advantages. IS-SP significantly accelerated early germination, showing a 14.9

BACKGROUND:Bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) of melons, induced by Acidovorax citrulli, is a severe seed-borne disease. Traditional chemical seed treatments risk environmental pollution and antibiotic resistance. Plasma-activated water (PAW), as an innovative, efficient, eco-friendly and nontoxic method for seed disinfection, demonstrates significant potential for application. However, the efficacy and mechanisms of PAW in seed treatment for controlling BFB in melons remain poorly understood. RESULTS:This study investigated the efficacy of PAW produced by underwater jet-array gas-liquid plasma discharge in controlling BFB caused by A. citrulli. Soaking seeds in PAW (generated by a 1-h plasma discharge) for 4 h significantly decreased the disease incidence and severity, with a 97.2% decrease in the disease index compared to the control group. Furthermore, plant growth metrics showed marked improvement, including increases of 5.51% in plant height, 5.04% in stem diameter, 18.10% in leaf area and 27.58% in root length. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses revealed that reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS) in acidic PAW etched seed coats, suppressed bacterial growth and altered chemical bonds (reducing C─C/C─H while enhancing C─N/C─O), collectively improving seed activity. CONCLUSIONS:This study offers an effective and practical strategy for managing BFB in seedlings. PAW seed treatment reduces crop damage from bacterial diseases, enhances seed physiological activity and lowers environmental risks compared with conventional chemical treatments. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.

Bacterial fruit blotch (BFB), caused by Acidovorax citrulli (abbreviated as A. citrulli), poses a severe threat to global melon production, necessitating efficient and eco-friendly control strategies. This study investigated the inactivation mechanisms of plasma-activated water (PAW) generated via a nitrogen-to-oxygen ratio-optimised plasma jet system, alongside its effects on seed germination. Experimental results demonstrated that increasing the O-2 proportion shifted the discharge mode from homogeneous glow (N-2-rich) to filamentary discharge (O-2-rich), modulating reactive species at the gas-liquid interface. The emission spectral intensities of OH (A -> X), N-2 (C -> B), and N-2(+) (B -> X) decreased, while the O (3p -> 3s) spectral lines intensified. At N-2:O-2 = 4:1, PAW exhibited peak reactive nitrogen species concentrations (NO3-: 130.51 mg l(-1); NO2-: 14.49 mg l(-1)) and extreme acidity (pH 2.5), achieving a 7.53-log(10) reduction in A. citrulli viability (p < 0.05). Scanning/transmission electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed PAW-induced bacterial membrane perforation and protein denaturation. Comparative experiments revealed that the synthetic reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) solution achieved only 6.2% of the log-reduction efficacy of PAW, highlighting the synergistic role of plasma-induced acidity and RONS. Moreover, PAW-treated contaminated melon seeds exhibited a 20% increase in germination rate. By establishing quantitative correlations between plasma parameters, liquid-phase chemistry, and biological outcomes, this work provides theoretical and practical foundations for acidic PAW as a sustainable BFB control strategy under ambient conditions.

Under the background of the national implementation of innovation-driven develop-ment strategy and promotion of"mass entrepreneurship and innovation",universities,as the main position of talent training,cultivate applied talents with innovation and entrepreneurship ability is one of the fundamental tasks of undergraduate universities.As a carrier of training applied innovative talents,subject competition plays a very important role in cultivating students'innovation ability,practical operation ability and comprehensive quality.Taking the subject competition of Shihezi University as an example,this paper analyzes the current prob-lems in the training of practical innovative talents.It proposes a training mode of application-oriented innovative talents led by subject competition,taking subject competition as an impor-tant part of practical teaching.This model organically combines course instruction,subject competition,and entrepreneurship education,building a new system that promotes mutual growth and coordinated development.This provides valuable insights for universities in culti-vating innovative talents.

The spin Nernst effect (SNE) of a topological nodal-line semimetals (TNLSMs) nanowire in a four-terminal cross-bar device is studied. Based on the nonequilibrium Green’s function method combining with the tight-binding Hamiltonian, the spin Nernst coefficients Ns3z, Ns3x and Ns3y of the two thermal transport models (kz-y case and kx-y case) under a perpendicular magnetic field are obtained. The traditional SNE describes the transverse voltage and spin current caused by the longitudinal thermal gradient. The transverse spin current is generated by the spin–orbit interaction rather than the perpendicular magnetic field. Here we find that the spin Nernst coefficients are equal to zero at the zero-magnetic field, but have finite values for non-zero magnetic fields in TNLSMs. The spin Nernst coefficient is closely related to the strength of the magnetic field and temperature. With the increase of the magnetic field strength, the peak height of the spin Nernst coefficient increases. These results indicate that the SNE is induced by the perpendicular magnetic field in the present TNLSMs system, which can be considered as an anomalous spin Nernst phenomenon. In addition, we find that Ns3z displays a series of peaks when the transmission coefficient TLR jumps from one integer plateau to another, and the spin Nernst coefficient Ns3i (i=x,y,z) is an odd function of the Fermi energy EF with Ns3z/x/y(−EF)=−Ns3z/x/y(EF) in connection mode kz-y. For the kx-y connection mode, due to the presence of the mass term m opening the energy gap, a sudden jump of the transmission coefficient TLR in the vicinity of the energy gap edge causes a very larger peak for the spin Nernst coefficient Ns3z/x/y, and the symmetrical properties of the spin Nernst coefficient Ns3z/x/y are completely broken in the strong magnetic field. These results indicate that the spin Nernst coefficient in TNLSMs strongly depends on the thermal gradient direction and the transverse lead connection direction. The spin Nernst coefficient in TNLSMs has strongly spatial anisotropy, which can be used as the characterization of the experimental detection of TNLSMs.

Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is a nutritious fruit with high economic value. As melon seeds have a relatively thick shell, they are susceptible to bacterial pathogens, seed germination is slow and seedling growth is compromised. This research employed a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) array electrode structure plasma with nanosecond pulse stimulation to promote the germination of melon seeds at room temperature. The effects of applied voltage and discharge time on seed germination were investigated. Under the conditions of 22 kV applied voltage and 1.5 min discharge duration, the germination potential of melon seeds increased by 47%, the germination rate improved by 14%, the seed vigor index expanded by 91%, and the average root length increased by 59%. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) demonstrates that plasma treatment induces strong corrugation of the seed shell surface and greatly reduces the content of pathogenic microorganisms. The water contact angle showed that the nanosecond pulse discharge enhanced the water uptake of seedlings. The attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy results revealed that the increased hydrophilicity of the seed shell may be due to the formation of the functional group C=O carbonyl, thus accelerating seed germination at low temperatures. This study indicates that plasma-assisted breeding is a viable strategy before melon planting.

In the system composed of a two-dimensional antiferromagnetic quantum spin Hall insulator (AFQSHI) nanoribbon covered by s-wave superconductors, possessing helical Majorana edge mode (HMEM), and preserving effective time-reversal symmetry. Based on such the AFQSHI-SC hybrid system, we investigate the band structure and thermal transport properties. The two-terminal thermal conductance κel and electric conductance G are calculated by using the Landauer–Büttiker formula and the nonequilibrium Green’s function method. When a pair of intersecting edge states exists in the bulk band gap, a helical topological superconductor with Z2 invariant ν=±1 is formed, which has a pair of Majorana edge states with opposite chirality, that is Majorana Kramer pairs, leading to a integer quantized thermal conductance plateau. We find that the quantized thermal conductance plateau is well preserved in a certain range of temperature. The presence and number of Majorana Kramer pairs in helical topological superconductor can be confirmed with the help of the quantized thermal conduction plateau, which is promising for the experimental detection of helical Majorana fermions.

The hybrid topological superconductor (TSC) with multiple Majorana edge states can be formed in a system where a magnetic topological insulator (MTI) thin film is coupled with two s-wave superconductors in proximity. The band structure and thermal transport properties of the hybrid TSC hosting chiral and helical Majorana edge states are investigated. By using the nonequilibrium Green’s function method combined with the Landauer–Büttiker formula, the scattering coefficients (i.e., the normal tunneling T, the local Andreev reflection TLAR, the crossed Andreev reflection TCAR) and two-terminal electric thermal conductance κe are calculated. With the change of the exchange field Mz, the system goes through a series of topological phase transitions. The chiral Majorana edge states, the helical Majorana edge states and the multiple Majorana edge states possessing both chiral and helical edge modes are induced at the boundary of TSC. At the boundary of the central TSC, a single Majorana fermion edge state is equivalent to half an ordinary fermion to carry heat, leading to the generation of a half-integer quantized thermal conductance plateau. Thus, half-integer (i.e., 1/2, 3/2) and integer (i.e., 1, 2) quantized thermal conductance plateaus appear in different topological phases. These quantized plateaus that survive well over a certain range of temperatures can be used experimentally to detect chiral and helical Majorana fermions.

实验分别采取持续升温(大间隔5 ℃)、持续升温(小间隔2 ℃)、设定升温(大间隔5 ℃)和设定升温(小间隔2 ℃)4种方法测定金属Al的线胀系数.从实验结果可知,持续升温法比设定升温法测定的金属Al线胀系数误差大,因为本实验加热系统具有热惯性和PID温控仪传感器滞后性,导致瞬时温度并不是实际温度.小间隔设定升温法获得的线胀系数比大间隔设定升温法测出的线胀系数要更精确,小间隔设定升温法的相对误差仅为0.25％,用最小二乘法拟合曲线与实验数据的拟合相似度为0.999 8,拟合度非常高、耗时较短.故小间隔设定升温法适合本实验教学.

The Nernst effect is the transverse mode of thermoelectric transport, in which a longitudinal thermal gradient induces a transverse current in the conductor while under a perpendicular magnetic field. Here the Nernst effect in a mesoscopic topological nodal-line semimetals (TNLSMs) system of four-terminal cross-bar with the spin-orbit coupling under a perpendicular magnetic field is studied. The Nernst coefficient N-c in two non-equivalen connection modes (k(z)-y mode and k(x)-y mode) is calculated based on the tight-binding Hamiltonian combined with the nonequilibrium Green's function method. When the magnetic field is absent with phi= 0.0, the Nernst coefficient N-c = 0 is exactly regardless of the temperature. When the magnetic field is not zero, the Nernst coefficient exhibits a series of densely oscillating peaks. The height of peak strongly depends on the magnetic field, and the Nernst coefficient is an even function of the Fermi energy EF satisfying the symmetrical property N-c(-EF) = N-c(EF). The Nernst coefficient is also closely related to the temperature T. When the temperature is very low (or T. 0), the Nernst coefficient depends linearly on temperature. In the presence of a strong magnetic field, the Nernst coefficient shows peaks when the Fermi energy crosses the Landau levels. Under the weak magnetic field, the influence of spin-orbit coupling in TNLSMs materials on Nernst effect is very obvious. In the presence of the mass term, the PT-symmetry of the system is destroyed, the nodal ring of TNLSMs is broken and an energy gap will be opened. The Nernst coefficient N-c has a large value in the energy gap, which is very promising for the application of the transverse thermoelectric transport.

In this study, coaxial dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma, in conjunction with a metal oxide catalyst, was used to degrade naphthalene. The characteristics of plasma discharge were studied by measuring voltage and current waveforms and the Lissajous figure. The effects of different parameters of the process on naphthalene decomposition in air were investigated. XRD, BET, and SEM data were used to investigate the nature, specific surface area, and surface morphology of the catalyst. The results show that the mineralization of naphthalene reached 82.2% when the initial naphthalene concentration was 21 ppm and the total gas flow rate was 1 L/min in the DBD reactor filled with Al2O3. The mineralization of naphthalene first increased and then became stable with the increase in treatment time and discharge power. The TiO2 catalyst has more apparent advantages than the two other studied catalysts in terms of the removal efficiency and mineralization of naphthalene due to this catalyst’s large specific surface area, porous structure, and photocatalytic properties. In addition, the introduction of a small amount of water vapor can promote the mineralization and CO2 selectivity of naphthalene. With further increases in the water vapor, Fe2O3 has a negative effect on the naphthalene oxidation due to its small pore size. The TiO2 catalyst can overcome the adverse effects of water molecule attachment due to its photocatalytic properties.

磁力搅拌器中的搅拌子在具有黏性的流体中随磁力搅拌器转速的改变能实现稳定上升和悬浮.本文利用动力学方程对磁悬浮现象中搅拌子的运动规律进行了理论分析,通过控制变量对影响稳定悬浮的参量进行了实验探究.实验和理论结果一致表明:流体黏度越大,搅拌子悬浮高度越低;随着磁力搅拌器驱动转速增大,搅拌子摆动角速度ωw加强,转动角速度ωs减弱,悬浮高度降低;较小的搅拌子更容易稳定在中心,直径小的烧杯容易提供初始的稳定态;当搅拌子初始距底高度zb固定,驱动转速越大,或当驱动转速固定,搅拌子zb高度越高,对应的摆动振幅都越小.

利用Algodoo软件探究“摩擦振子”实验中两轮轴内转和外转时杆的运动规律,并运用控制变量法和数理方法进行原理分析,推出运动方程及验证其运动参数与轮轴间距、摩擦因数以及轮轴转速有关.通过将虚拟软件应用于实验探究,培养学生的科学思维能力.

通过仿真软件Algodoo来探究两轮轴内转时"摩擦振子"的运动规律,并运用控制变量法进行理论分析和模拟验证,得出其所依赖的运动参数与轮轴间距 、摩擦系数及初始位置有关.通过融合仿真技术手段进行模拟探究,不仅使师生的仿真技术应用能力得到锻炼,而且提升学生科学思维的高阶能力.

The electron impact excitation (EIE) cross sections of S4+ ion from the ground state 3s2 1S0 to all of excited states 3s3p 3P0,1,2 1P1 , and S5+ ion from the ground state 3s 2S1/2 to all of excited states 3p 2P1/2 2P2/3 are calculated for energies of the near-threshold by using the fully relativistic distorted-wave program REIE06. The electron correlation effects for EIE cross sections are studied, and some important conclusions are summarized. An agreement is found when the present calculated results are consistent with the experimental values given by Wallbank et al. [14].

The electron impact excitation(EIE)cross sections of Ni－like Au5 1+ion from 3 l(l ＝s、p、d)to all of 4 l 、5 l(l ＝s、p、d、f)states are calculated systematically by using the fully relativistic distorted－wave(RDW)program.The rate coefficients connected with the strongest 4d－4p(J＝0－1)X－ray laser transitions of Ni－like Au51+ion are also computed systematically.The EIE cross sections versus different energies of inci-dent electron and the rate coefficients versus different electron temperatures are studied,and some important con-clusions are summarized.Also,comparisons of the present calculations with the available experimental results are made,a good agreement is found.

The electron impact excitation (EIE) cross sections of Ne-like Fe16+ ion from the ground state 1s22s22p61 S0 to high excited states 1s22s22p5 ns ,1s22s2p6 ns and 1s2s22p6 ns (n=3 ,4 ,5 ,6 ,7 ,8 ,9 ,10) are calculated systematically by using the fully relativistic distorted-wave program .The EIE cross sec-tions changing versus the principal quantum number are studied ,the change rule of the formula is fitted and some important conclusions are summarized .

基于整合技术的学科教学法知识,建构大学物理实验TPACK教学框架.从教学内容 、教学方法 、教学技术三方面探讨大学物理实验教学设计方案.体现以"学生为本"的教育理念,使实验内容系列化 、层次化 、专题化 、个性化;基于"互联网+"技术构建实验教学信息资源服务平台,优化教育环境,实现资源共享;开展问题创设的混合式教学法,内化学生的自主创新性研究能力.以期改进传统实验教学模式,推动大学物理实验教学改革.

利用全相对论扭曲波方法和研究电子碰撞激发过程的计算程序REIE06系统计算了类锌Au49+离子从基态(3s23p63d104s2)的4s、3d、3p和3s电子激发到4l(l=p、d、f)和5l(l =s、p、d、f)的碰撞激发强度,研究了在不同入射电子能量下碰撞强度的变化规律,通过对类锌Au49+离子涉及金激光等离子体M带谱,3d→4f和3d→5f电子碰撞激发速率的计算,分析了等离子体中电子温度对碰撞过程的影响.部分计算结果与其它理论及实验结果进行了比较,取得了很好的一致性.

本文以石河子大学理学院力学实验室为例,介绍了利用FB210C型复摆实验仪和钢板刀架复摆装置研究复摆特性的详细过程,并对两种测定结果进行对比和分析,讨论了两种实验装置的数据处理及不确定度的评定方法,分析了测量过程中的误差来源及减小误差的方法.