An extensive study has been carried out where CO2 has been used both as solvent and antisolvent to appreciate orange leaves as a source of powerful antioxidant nanoparticles. In the former case, the leaves were processed directly to yield particles in the nano or micrometer range. In the latter case, a conventional ethanolic extraction of orange leaves was carried out before the orange leaves were subjected to supercritical conditions to extract the particles with high antioxidant activity. Thus, different pressure (80-300 bar), temperature (40-100 degrees C) and liquid extract concentration (10-42 mg/mL) levels were studied. When CO2 was used as the solvent, agglomerates with low antioxidant activity precipitated. Higher pressure and temperature levels were required to obtain powder precipitation. However, when CO2 was used as the antisolvent, polyphenols with high antioxidant activity (3-4.65) in the nanometer range (60-73 nm) would precipitate. The efficiency of the process was determined by the antioxidant compound concentration ratio of the extract. Vessel pressure was the main influencing variable with regards to impact on particle size and antioxidant activity. The smallest particle size and greatest precipitate yields were obtained at high pressure and low temperature.

A supercritical anti-solvent (SAS) process was carried out to obtain micron and submicron particles (0.35-1.78 mu m) of silica from a solution with a silica precursor. The effects of different parameters such as pressure (120 and 150 bar), temperature (323 and 333 K), CO2 flow rate (20 and 35 g/min), liquid solution flow rate (4 and 8 mL/min) and nozzle diameter (0.1 and 0.2 mu m) on the outcome of the SAS process were analyzed. The TEOS: water molar ratio (1:4-1:17) was also evaluated and seems to play a major role in the precipitation of particles, especially in terms of agglomeration and morphology in that a higher amount of water leads to lower agglomeration of particles. Higher CO2 and lower liquid solution flow rates are recommended to obtain a smaller particle size with narrow particle size distribution (0.35 +/- 0.17 mu m). Lower temperatures are recommended to reduce the particle size. The rest of the assayed variables did not have a significant influence on particle size and size distribution. As far as the textural properties are concerned, silica particles with low porosity (1.41-10.22 m(2)/g) and certain hydrophilic character were generally produced.

Chemie Ingenieur TechnikVolume 88, Issue 9 p. 1363-1363 Poster Experimentelle Siebklassierung und deren Abbildung in der DEM M. Hennig, Corresponding Author M. Hennig manuel.hennig@th-nuernberg.de Technische Hochschule Nürnberg Georg Simon Ohm, Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik/Partikeltechnologie, Wassertorstraße 10, 90489 Nürnberg, DeutschlandTechnische Hochschule Nürnberg Georg Simon Ohm, Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik/Partikeltechnologie, Wassertorstraße 10, 90489 Nürnberg, DeutschlandSearch for more papers by this authorF. Elskamp, F. Elskamp Lehrstuhl für Energieanlagen und Energieprozesstechnik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, DeutschlandSearch for more papers by this authorProf. Dr.-Ing. U. Teipel, Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Teipel Technische Hochschule Nürnberg Georg Simon Ohm, Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik/Partikeltechnologie, Wassertorstraße 10, 90489 Nürnberg, DeutschlandSearch for more papers by this authorProf. Dr.-Ing. H. Kruggel-Emden, Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Kruggel-Emden Lehrstuhl für Energieanlagen und Energieprozesstechnik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, DeutschlandSearch for more papers by this author M. Hennig, Corresponding Author M. Hennig manuel.hennig@th-nuernberg.de Technische Hochschule Nürnberg Georg Simon Ohm, Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik/Partikeltechnologie, Wassertorstraße 10, 90489 Nürnberg, DeutschlandTechnische Hochschule Nürnberg Georg Simon Ohm, Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik/Partikeltechnologie, Wassertorstraße 10, 90489 Nürnberg, DeutschlandSearch for more papers by this authorF. Elskamp, F. Elskamp Lehrstuhl für Energieanlagen und Energieprozesstechnik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, DeutschlandSearch for more papers by this authorProf. Dr.-Ing. U. Teipel, Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Teipel Technische Hochschule Nürnberg Georg Simon Ohm, Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik/Partikeltechnologie, Wassertorstraße 10, 90489 Nürnberg, DeutschlandSearch for more papers by this authorProf. Dr.-Ing. H. Kruggel-Emden, Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Kruggel-Emden Lehrstuhl für Energieanlagen und Energieprozesstechnik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, DeutschlandSearch for more papers by this author First published: 29 August 2016 https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.201650046AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume88, Issue9Special Issue: ProcessNet-Jahrestagung und 32. DECHEMA-Jahrestagung der Biotechnologen 2016September, 2016Pages 1363-1363 RelatedInformation

Chemie Ingenieur TechnikVolume 88, Issue 9 p. 1363-1364 Poster Visualisierung von Partikelbewegungen während Klassierprozessen C. Spötter, Corresponding Author C. Spötter christian.spoetter@tu-clausthal.de Technische Universität Clausthal, Institut für Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik, Leibnizstraße 19, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, DeutschlandTechnische Universität Clausthal, Institut für Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik, Leibnizstraße 19, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, DeutschlandSearch for more papers by this authorM. Hennig, M. Hennig Technische Hochschule Nürnberg Georg Simon Ohm, Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik/Partikeltechnologie, Wassertorstraße 10, 90489 Nürnberg, DeutschlandSearch for more papers by this authorProf. Dr. A. P. Weber, Prof. Dr. A. P. Weber Technische Universität Clausthal, Institut für Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik, Leibnizstraße 19, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, DeutschlandSearch for more papers by this authorProf. Dr.-Ing. U. Teipel, Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Teipel Technische Hochschule Nürnberg Georg Simon Ohm, Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik/Partikeltechnologie, Wassertorstraße 10, 90489 Nürnberg, DeutschlandSearch for more papers by this author C. Spötter, Corresponding Author C. Spötter christian.spoetter@tu-clausthal.de Technische Universität Clausthal, Institut für Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik, Leibnizstraße 19, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, DeutschlandTechnische Universität Clausthal, Institut für Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik, Leibnizstraße 19, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, DeutschlandSearch for more papers by this authorM. Hennig, M. Hennig Technische Hochschule Nürnberg Georg Simon Ohm, Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik/Partikeltechnologie, Wassertorstraße 10, 90489 Nürnberg, DeutschlandSearch for more papers by this authorProf. Dr. A. P. Weber, Prof. Dr. A. P. Weber Technische Universität Clausthal, Institut für Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik, Leibnizstraße 19, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, DeutschlandSearch for more papers by this authorProf. Dr.-Ing. U. Teipel, Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Teipel Technische Hochschule Nürnberg Georg Simon Ohm, Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik/Partikeltechnologie, Wassertorstraße 10, 90489 Nürnberg, DeutschlandSearch for more papers by this author First published: 29 August 2016 https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.201650070AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume88, Issue9Special Issue: ProcessNet-Jahrestagung und 32. DECHEMA-Jahrestagung der Biotechnologen 2016September, 2016Pages 1363-1364 RelatedInformation

The composition of condensed products resulting from the combustion of thermite mixtures (Al + Fe 2 O 3 ) in air is studied by precise methods. It is shown that during combustion, calcium is formed and stabilized in amounts of maximal 0.55 wt %, while is missing from reactants of 99.7 wt % purity. To explain this, it is hypothesized that a low-energy nuclear reaction takes place alongside the reactions of aluminum oxidation and nitridation, resulting in the formation of calcium (Kervran–Bolotov reaction).

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess extraordinary particle properties which make them ideal for the development of innovative polymer composite materials. Because of the tendential agglomerate forming of CNTs, their homogenous exfoliation in organic or inorganic phases is often required and can be obtained by mechanical stressing of the agglomerates. However, the CNT-exfoliation is only achievable in few fluids. Therefore, the CNT-functionalization which means the covalent attachment and modification of the particle surface with functional groups or molecules is applied to alter particle interactions and in this way, their dispersing behavior. The poor CNT-dispersibility in fluids and CNT-dispersion strategies as the functionalization show the importance of the characterization of their particle interactions.In order to describe CNT/fluid-interactions the wetting behavior was characterized by contact angle measurements with the capillary liquid penetration method. The CNT-surface energies regarding Owens and Wendt could be estimated from the measured contact angles. Thereby, non-modified CNTs exhibited a good interaction with molecules of longer alkyls and even polar liquids and showed further a significant dispersive and polar fraction of the surface energy. The determined surface energies were used for the explanation and estimation of the CNT-dispersibility in liquids. Successful dispersions could be achieved with fluids of similar dispersive and polar fractions compared with those of the particles. Furthermore, ethylamine-functionalized CNTs possessed an enhanced polar component of their surface energy which demonstrated that the CNT/fluid-interactions can be controlled by covalent CNT-functionalization. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Comprehensive investigations of aluminum nanopowders, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and aluminum mixtures with multi-walled carbon nanotubes subjected to ultrasonic deagglomeration in a liquid medium were performed, using microstructural, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric, and calorimetric analyses, and specific surface area measurements. The regime of ultrasonic deagglomeration of aluminum nanopowders with multi-walled carbon nanotubes in a liquid medium is described, during which the division of large agglomerates and creation of homogeneous distribution of mixtures components in the volume takes place. It was determined that ultrasonic treatment influences the morphology and crystalline structure of investigated mixtures, contributes to the appearance of X-ray amorphous phase, decreases the specific surface area of the aluminum nanopowder from 13 to 12 m2/g, and increases the pore volume and average size from 0.04 to 0.06 cm3/g and from 12 to 19 nm, respectively. The size of coherently-diffracting domain was determined by the X-ray diffraction analysis is close to that estimated from the specific surface area and corresponds to average crystallites size in the materials under study.

Electrostatically stabilized iron oxide nanoparticle dispersions were synthesized using a continuous hydrothermal process at 673 K and 30 MPa. The average size of the primary particles was in the range 5–30 nm. The influence of the flow conditions as well as the composition of the starting material on the dispersion properties was investigated. A new Raman spectroscopic measurement setup was used for the characterization of the structure of the nanoparticles in dispersed form. The use of differential centrifugal sedimentation for the determination of the size distribution of the dispersed particles proved to be convenient and powerful to determine the influence of the investigated parameters on the dispersion properties. For certain compositions of the starting material and flow conditions using a conventional T-union, narrow size distributions concerning both primary particles and agglomerates could be obtained.

Disadvantageous mechanical properties of ceramic granules for die pressing applications, such as too high compression strength or too low ductility, may cause imperfections within the resulting component structure. To avoid these inhomogeneities, the granules have to show optimized mechanical properties.The correlation between internal structure parameters and resulting mechanical properties of ceramic granules was investigated systematically by spray-drying of varied alpha-Al2O3 suspensions. Nine granule samples with different internal structures were produced. The mechanical properties were characterized using a compression test of single granules. Internal granule structures were quantified using image analysis techniques. To detect structure parameters responsible for changed mechanical granule properties, the internal structure parameters were divided in micro-and macrostructure parameters and their influence on resulting mechanical properties was studied individually.The variation of additive type or amount overlaid the effect of changed internal granule structure parameters on the resulting granule compression strength and strain. If the additive type and amount were kept constant and suspension parameters like solid content, primary particle size, particle surface charge or width of the primary particle size distribution were modified, a clear influence of changed internal granule structure parameters on the resulting mechanical granule properties were measured.Increased shell thickness (macrostructure) and reduced microporosity (microstructure) caused a granule strength increase. The effects of micro- and macrostructure parameters on mechanical granule properties can be added up. For the investigated samples a dominant influence of the microstructure on the resulting mechanical properties compared to the macrostructure effect was found. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Chemie Ingenieur TechnikVolume 86, Issue 9 p. 1566-1566 PosterFree Access Dynamisch-physikalische Modellierung von Siebklassierprozessen M. Hennig, Corresponding Author M. Hennig manuel.hennig@th-nuernberg.de Technische Hochschule Nürnberg Georg Simon Ohm, Wassertorstraße 10, D-90489 Nürnberg, GermanyTechnische Hochschule Nürnberg Georg Simon Ohm, Wassertorstraße 10, D-90489 Nürnberg, Germany===Search for more papers by this authorF. Elskamp, F. Elskamp Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44780 Bochum, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorDr.-Ing. H. Kruggel-Emden, Dr.-Ing. H. Kruggel-Emden Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44780 Bochum, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorProf. Dr.-Ing. U. Teipel, Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Teipel Technische Hochschule Nürnberg Georg Simon Ohm, Wassertorstraße 10, D-90489 Nürnberg, GermanySearch for more papers by this author M. Hennig, Corresponding Author M. Hennig manuel.hennig@th-nuernberg.de Technische Hochschule Nürnberg Georg Simon Ohm, Wassertorstraße 10, D-90489 Nürnberg, GermanyTechnische Hochschule Nürnberg Georg Simon Ohm, Wassertorstraße 10, D-90489 Nürnberg, Germany===Search for more papers by this authorF. Elskamp, F. Elskamp Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44780 Bochum, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorDr.-Ing. H. Kruggel-Emden, Dr.-Ing. H. Kruggel-Emden Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44780 Bochum, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorProf. Dr.-Ing. U. Teipel, Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Teipel Technische Hochschule Nürnberg Georg Simon Ohm, Wassertorstraße 10, D-90489 Nürnberg, GermanySearch for more papers by this author First published: 28 August 2014 https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.201450646AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume86, Issue9Special Issue: ProcessNet-Jahrestagung 2014 und 31. DECHEMA-Jahrestagung der BiotechnologenSeptember, 2014Pages 1566-1566 RelatedInformation

Chemie Ingenieur TechnikVolume 86, Issue 9 p. 1565-1566 PosterFree Access Zur Energie der Mahlkörperreibung A. Köster, Corresponding Author A. Köster alexander.koester@ict.fraunhofer.de Fraunhofer Institut für Chemische Technologie ICT, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Straße 7, D-76327 Pfinztal, GermanyFraunhofer Institut für Chemische Technologie ICT, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Straße 7, D-76327 Pfinztal, Germany===Search for more papers by this authorProf. M. Scherge, Prof. M. Scherge MikroTribologie Centrum μTC, c/o Institut für Angewandte Materialien – Zuverlässigkeit von Bauteilen und Systemen (IAM-ZBS), Engelbert-Arnold-Straße 4, D-76131 Karlsruhe, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorProf. U. Teipel, Prof. U. Teipel Technische Hochschule Nürnberg Georg Simon Ohm, Partikeltechnologie, Wassertorstraße 10, D-90489 Nürnberg, GermanySearch for more papers by this author A. Köster, Corresponding Author A. Köster alexander.koester@ict.fraunhofer.de Fraunhofer Institut für Chemische Technologie ICT, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Straße 7, D-76327 Pfinztal, GermanyFraunhofer Institut für Chemische Technologie ICT, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Straße 7, D-76327 Pfinztal, Germany===Search for more papers by this authorProf. M. Scherge, Prof. M. Scherge MikroTribologie Centrum μTC, c/o Institut für Angewandte Materialien – Zuverlässigkeit von Bauteilen und Systemen (IAM-ZBS), Engelbert-Arnold-Straße 4, D-76131 Karlsruhe, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorProf. U. Teipel, Prof. U. Teipel Technische Hochschule Nürnberg Georg Simon Ohm, Partikeltechnologie, Wassertorstraße 10, D-90489 Nürnberg, GermanySearch for more papers by this author First published: 28 August 2014 https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.201450644AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume86, Issue9Special Issue: ProcessNet-Jahrestagung 2014 und 31. DECHEMA-Jahrestagung der BiotechnologenSeptember, 2014Pages 1565-1566 RelatedInformation

The chemical and physical mechanisms for the formation of passivation coatings on active metal nanoparticles were studied in this work. The passivation processes involved in the formation of coatings on nanoparticles were analyzed by SEM, TEM, XRD, EDS, DTA-TG and chemical analysis. Inorganic passivation coatings for aluminum nanopowders were more effective in terms of thermal stability than organic ones. The stability of organic passivation coatings to further oxidation did not depend on the type of coating, but instead depended on the particle size of the passivated powders. A new advanced approach involving a metal nanopowder passivation technique has been applied.

During an IP protection class test the test item that consists of mechanically moveable or electronic components has to be evaluated for its ingress protection against water or dust particles. Within the protection class IP 5X dusts may enter the equipment but must not interfere with the product function. However in the protection class IP 6X it has to be dust proof. Especially with regard to the durability the feeding properties and effects of the particles to the interior of the utility have to be examined more closely [1-4]. Within this paper some of the dusts that are currently used for testing were examined regarding their particle size distribution, average particle size, particle density, bulk and tap density, specific surface area and morphology. 2. Materials

Chemie Ingenieur TechnikVolume 80, Issue 9 p. 1440-1440 PosterFree Access Kontinuierliche hydrothermale Herstellung von metalloxidischen Nanopartikeln M. Daschner de Tercero, M. Daschner de Tercero Maren.Daschner.de.Tercero@ict.fraunhofer.de Fraunhofer Institut für Chemische Technologie, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Straße 7, D-76327 PfinztalSearch for more papers by this authorU. Fehrenbacher, U. Fehrenbacher Fraunhofer Institut für Chemische Technologie, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Straße 7, D-76327 PfinztalSearch for more papers by this authorM. Türk, M. Türk Institut für Technische Thermodynamik und Kältetechnik, Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Engler-Bunte-Ring 21, D-76131 KarlsruheSearch for more papers by this authorU. Teipel, U. Teipel Partikeltechnologie, Georg-Simon-Ohm-Hochschule Nürnberg, Wassertorstraße 10, D-90489 NürnbergSearch for more papers by this author M. Daschner de Tercero, M. Daschner de Tercero Maren.Daschner.de.Tercero@ict.fraunhofer.de Fraunhofer Institut für Chemische Technologie, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Straße 7, D-76327 PfinztalSearch for more papers by this authorU. Fehrenbacher, U. Fehrenbacher Fraunhofer Institut für Chemische Technologie, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Straße 7, D-76327 PfinztalSearch for more papers by this authorM. Türk, M. Türk Institut für Technische Thermodynamik und Kältetechnik, Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Engler-Bunte-Ring 21, D-76131 KarlsruheSearch for more papers by this authorU. Teipel, U. Teipel Partikeltechnologie, Georg-Simon-Ohm-Hochschule Nürnberg, Wassertorstraße 10, D-90489 NürnbergSearch for more papers by this author First published: 12 September 2008 https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200750647AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume80, Issue9Special Issue: ProcessNet Jahrestagung 2008September, 2008Pages 1440-1440 ReferencesRelatedInformation