The objective of this study was to predict gestational age of Osmanabadi goats by realtimeultrasonography using measurements of Crown Rump Length (CRL). CRL was measuredin 15 Osmanabadi goats, by transabdominal ultrasonography carried out on days 35, 42,49, 56, 63 and 70 of gestation, those became pregnant after oestrus detection and naturalmating following oestrus synchronization in 30 does using double PGF2α injections 11 days apart.Gestational age was calculated by using gestational equations derived from the linear regressionanalysis. Results clearly demonstrated that biometric parameter CRL was significantly (P ios less than 0.01)correlated with gestational age (r= 0.988) and was a reliable index to predict gestational agein Osmanabadi goats.

Aim: This study aims to study the estrus induction, ovulation, and conception rate of delayed puberty in buffaloes heifers by feeding a herbal plants Aegle marmelos (bael/bili/bhel leaf) and Murraya koenigii (Curry leaf).Materials and Methods: Totally, 24 buffalo heifers with delayed puberty were selected for the present study and divided randomly in four equal groups (n=6). Before experiment, all animals were dewormed with albendazole at 10 mg/kg body weight to prevent them from the stress of parasitism. In the present experiment, four group taken and Group I (n=6) treated with A. marmelos, Group II (n=6) treated with M. koenigii, Group III (n=6) treated with mixture of A. marmelos and M. koenigii and fed for 9 days. Group IV (n=6) considered as control and fed with concentrate only. The blood samples were collected from all the animals on day 0 (before treatment), 4, 9 (during treatment), on the day of estrus and day 8 after the onset of estrus. The 10 ml blood was collected from the jugular vein of all the experimental animals for estimation of serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus, and progesterone (P-4). The estrus response, ovulation, conception rate along with serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus, and progesterone level were determined by the standard protocol.Results: From Group III 4 heifers, from Group II 3 heifers, and from Group I and IV (Control) 2 heifers each, exhibited the estrus. The estrus response was recorded as 33.33%, 50.00%, 75.00%, and 33.33% in Group I, Group II, Group III, and Group IV, respectively. In treatment Group III, serum calcium found significantly more (p<0.05) on day 8 post-estrus as compared to other groups at a similar interval. Inorganic phosphorus and progesterone show no significant difference between groups. The ovulation and conception rates are comparatively better in Group III (75%) buffalo heifers than other groups.Conclusion: Herbal supplementation of A. marmelos and M. koenigii in combination, as well as M. koenigii alone, were found effective in fertility improvement in delayed pubertal buffalo heifers by increasing ovulation and conception rate.

A study was conducted to assess the semen quality using Resazurin Reduction Test (RRT) in Jersey and Jersey cross bulls. A total 36 fresh ejaculates were collected for evaluation RRT, sperm motility, acrosomal integrity and sperm concentration. The mean value of RRT in bulls was 15.77±0.85 minutes.Statistical analysis revealed that RRT was highly significantly (p<0.01) and positively correlated with sperm concentration (r=0.769), sperm motility(r=0.858) and acrosomal integrity (r=0.515), hence it may be helpful in evaluating the quality of semen in bulls.

Aim: To compare the seminal attributes of neat, pre-freeze (at equilibration), and post-freeze (24 h after freezing) semen in pure and crossbred Jersey bulls.Materials and Methods: Total 36 ejaculates (3 ejaculates from each bull) were collected from 6 pure Jersey and 6 crossbred Jersey bulls and evaluated for various seminal attributes during neat, pre-freeze, and post-freeze semen.Results: The mean (±standard error [SE]) values of neat semen characteristics in pure and crossbred Jersey bulls were recorded such as volume (ml), color, consistency, mass activity (scale: 0-5), and sperm concentration (millions/ml).The extended semen was further investigated at pre-freeze and post-freeze stages and the mean (±SE) values recorded at neat, pre-freeze, and post-freeze semen were compared between pure and crossbred Jersey bulls; sperm motility (80.55±1.70%,62.77±1.35%,46.11±1.43% vs. 80.00±1.80%,65.00±1.66%,47.22±1.08%),live sperm count (83.63±1.08%,71.72±1.09%,58.67±1.02% vs. 80.00±1.08%,67.91±1.20%,51.63±0.97%),total abnormal sperm count (8.38±0.32%,12.30±0.39%,16.75±0.42%vs. 9.00±0.45%,12.19±0.48%,18.11±0.64%),hypo-osmotic swelling (HOS) reacted spermatozoa (71.88±0.77%,62.05±0.80%,47.27±1.05%vs. 72.77±1.02%,62.11±0.89%,45.94±1.33%),acrosome integrity (89.05±0.83%,81.33±0.71%,71.94±0.86% vs. 86.55±0.57%,78.66±0.42%,69.38±0.53%),and DNA integrity (99.88±0.07%,100, 99.66±0.11%vs. 99.94±0.05%,100, 99.44±0.18%,).The volume, color, consistency, sperm concentration, and initial motility in pure and crossbred Jersey bulls did not differ significantly (p>0.05).The mass activity was significantly (p<0.05)higher in pure Jersey as compare to crossbred Jersey bulls.Live sperm percentage and acrosome integrity was significantly (p<0.01)higher in pure Jersey bulls as compared to crossbred Jersey bulls.However, no statistical difference (p>0.05) was observed in abnormal sperm; HOS reacted spermatozoa and DNA integrity percentage among breeds.Conclusion: It may be concluded that the quality of pure Jersey bull semen was comparatively better than the crossbred Jersey bulls.

The study evaluated and compared the sperm abnormalities in frozen–thawed semen namely head, mid piece and tail in pure and crossbred Jersey bulls in 36 ejaculates (3 ejaculates from each bull). The mean abnormalities of head, mid piece and tail between pure and crossbred Jersey bulls were 5.08 ±0.23 Vs.5.77±0.34; 5.94±0.32 Vs.5.23±0.37 and 6.66±0.55 Vs. 6.00±0.53, respectively which did not differ significantly (p>0.05). The incidence of asymmetric head, detached/free head, bent mid piece, free tail and highly coiled tail was higher in crossbred Jersey bulls and differ significantly (p 0.05) between the breeds. The percentage of sperm viability and acrosome intactness was significantly (p<0.01) higher in pure Jersey compared to crossbred Jersey bulls. On the basis of overall parameters, the quality of semen of pure Jersey bulls was good.