A helium-cooled divertor concept for DEMO has been continuously developed over the past decade at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology within the framework of the former European Fusion Power Plant Conceptual Study. Over the years, research results and progress of the divertor development with numerous earnings representations have been continually reported. This paper first gives a retrospect of the past results achieved so far and then reports on recent progress of the divertor development.In the course of developing the conceptual design with the goal of reaching a divertor heat flux performance of 10 MW/m(2), the He-cooled modular divertor with jet cooling (HEMJ) was selected in the early 2000s as the reference concept out of a series of conceptual design studies. For verification of the design principle, a combined high-heat-flux (HHF) test facility with helium loop was built in 2004 at the Efremov Institute for the divertor experiments under specified DEMO conditions. There, the cooling performance of the divertor finger with helium under the heat load of 10 MW/m2 was confirmed already at an early stage. In parallel, the HEMJ divertor design was successively improved in terms of its robustness and quality of production in order to achieve a long service life against thermocyclic loading. A breakthrough was achieved in 2010 when an optimized HEMJ cooling finger survived more than 1000 HHF cycles at 10 MW/m2 without damage. In the context of long-term planning for DEMO divertor development, research and development work on the development of larger divertor components has been started, particularly focusing on certain fabrication techniques covering, e.g., high-temperature brazing and mass production of the divertor components. Recent progress-a part of this paper-was achieved in the HHF experiment of the tungsten nine-finger module in Efremov, development of nondestructive testing methods for testing multifinger modules in collaboration with CEA, and a study on the integration of multifinger modules on the target plate.

This paper investigates the possibility of suppressing the effect of a priori uncertainty and nonlinear factors in technical plants using positioning systems with the help of adaptive control, synthesized using Lyapunov function based on an exo-model. Take note of dissipative adaptation and the presence of a boost in the adaptive signal whose degree is determined by the order of fast dynamics in the technical system. An example of an electro-hydraulic system and the results of its empirical research presented.

In recent years, small modular reactors (SMRs) have been attracting considerable attention around the world. SMR designs incorporate innovative approaches to achieve simplicity, modularity and speed of build, passive safety features, proliferation resistance, and reduced financial risk. The incremental capacity expansion associated with SMR deployment could provide a better match (than the large-scale reactors) to the limited grid capacity of many developing countries. Because of their lower capital requirements, SMRs could also effectively address the energy needs of small developing countries with limited financial resources. Although SMRs can have substantially higher specific capital costs as compared to large-scale reactors, they may nevertheless enjoy significant economic benefits due to shorter build times, accelerated learning effects and co-siting economies, temporal and sizing flexibility of deployment, and design simplification.

Application of hypervapotron (HV) to cool in-vessel components of ITER – divertor and first wall (FW) – is characterized by the same design load (5MW/m2) but water flow rate for FW is 8–9 times (almost by order!) less for parallel feeding elements so it seems it would be better to use other design. Several variants of a flat channel design different from HV are suggested that enable to adapt a channel to pressure quota up to 1MPa and higher. A main feature of the suggested variants is a spiral or multi-spiral stream (flat multi spiral––FMS) that improves heat rejection and can be obtained both by exciting of such mode and forced by channel geometry. Comparison of the variants was carried out in simulations (Ansys CFX) as well as in experiments on the TSEFEY-M facility with electron-beam gun. It is shown that excitation of a spiral stream in a channel significantly reduces a temperature of a loaded surface of a channel. Miniature thermocouples were used to measure temperature near the surface.

The preparation of the procurement activities for the ITER plasma-facing-components (PFC) is currently well underway. Three ITER procurement packages associated with PFCs are currently allocated to the Russian Federation (RF): delivery of the central assembly of the divertor (dome and reflector plates assemblies), delivery of 40% of the first-wall (FW) panels and high heat flux testing of divertor components during the qualification and subsequent manufacturing phases. The results of the qualification process for these tasks undertaken by RF industry are presented. Qualification mockups of the dome divertor structure were successfully manufactured in accordance with the ITER specifications and tested at heat fluxes exceeding operational ones. The maturity and reliability of the proposed design and manufacturing technologies, proposed by RF industry, was therefore demonstrated. To confirm the manufacturing readiness of technologies proposed for the fabrication of the ITER first wall, three qualification mockups were fabricated. Two were heat flux tested in two facilities abroad. In addition to launching the qualification process, the PFC team at Efremov Institute is preparing the industrial facilities for serial production of above mentioned components. A brief description of such facilities is presented in this paper, together with the manufacturing technologies to be used. Two electron beam facilities (Tsefey and IDTF) for various high heat flux testing of PFC components are also described.

Implementation of the dual-direction SCRs in a 5 V analog CMOS process was studied using pulsed I-V measurements and numerical simulations. A positive feedback mechanism associated with a parasitic vertical PNP was found, discussed and further utilized to improve the SCR latch-up robustness. The 2kV HBM 200V MM ESD protection capabilities with the holding voltage exceeding 5V were demonstrated in the ESD cells with the footprint size smaller than 2100 sq. um.

This paper presents a new solution for ESD protection of high-voltage, high-speed pins in power analog circuits, such as switching voltage regulators. The particular implementation consists of a LDMOS-SCR ESD device with the triggering characteristics controlled by an active circuit. Experimental validation of this new approach is provided

Обсуждается влияние различных факторов на процессы созревания и оплодотворения ооцитов коров in vitro, раннее развитие зародышей до стадии бластоцисти вне организма, щит омо,уфологические и биохимические особенности зародышей

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A constructive topological invariant, uniquely determining the Heegaard diagrams of the standard sphere in the class of all Heegaard diagrams of three-dimensional manifolds, is formed. The sufficiency of this invariant is proved by the methods of Morse theory. That this invariant is trivial in the class of Heegaard diagrams for the standard sphere is proved for certain infinite sequences, and on the remaining diagrams for the standard sphere the presence of the invariant is corroborated by a trial calculation on the electronic computer BESM-6, in which 106 representations of the standard sphere were examined.