The Siberian Synchrotron Radiation Center has an urgent necessity for a new third generation source for effective implementation of synchrotron radiation methods for different scientific and technological directions. This project is under development at Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics now. The main conceptual ideas for this source as well as the lattice design are described in the current report. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The implementation of experimental high-pressure unit combined with electron storage ring VEPP-4M4 is a subject of high interest in studying the behavior of different substances “in situ” at high P–T parameters with the help of synchrotron radiation. Multiple anvil high-pressure apparatus of the “split sphere” type is the most suitable equipment for this. Test experiments for illumination of the internal block of hard alloy anvils with gaskets and high-pressure cell with examined samples—silicate minerals and diamond by the beam of synchrotron radiation with energy more 30keV has shown the possibility of implementation of the facility for studying substance “in situ”.

Main directions of Siberian Synchrotron and Terahertz Radiation Center activity and novel experimental techniques are described. Development of free electron lasers and insertion devices - new types of wigglers and undulators, for generation of synchrotron radiation beams with prescribed properties is presented. The article includes description of three novel projects of SR sources and FEL developed in Siberian Center.

The unique properties of synchrotron radiation (SR) account for its wide usage into fundamental, applied and technological investigations. Large growth of the number of SR applications in technological processes and medical diagnostics has been observed recently, which makes the problem of developing compact and relatively cheap SR sources very actual.A good progress of Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (BINP) in the field of fabrication of different superconductive devices for SR generation may give rise to a new tendency in the design of compact SR sources. Indeed, the 9T superconducting bending magnet fabricated at BINP for the BESSY-2 storage ring is a good candidate for the main element of the magnetic structure of a compact SR machine.The development of compact hard X-ray SR source started at BINP. This work involves analysis of possible implementation of compact SR sources in industry, medicine and education. Main SIR parameters meet the requirements of most popular research application methods. These parameters became a basis for determination of main parameters of storage ring and allowed us to propose a possible scheme of storage ring. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Synchrotron radiation (SR) experiments at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics had been started in 1973, and from 1981 the Siberian Synchrotron Radiation Center (SSRC) had an official status as Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. SSRC is the research center, which is open and free of tax for the research teams from Russia and abroad.In this report some technical information about the storage rings-SR sources of the Budker INP, the main directions of activity of SSRC, experimental stations, experimental works and users-is given. Development of the free electron lasers, new SR sources and insertion devices is described. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The system for position stabilization of synchrotron radiation (SR) beams at the VEPP-3 storage ring (Novosibirsk, Russia) is described. The system is based on measuring, at the same place, the positions of two SR beams emitted from different points of electron orbit in the storage ring. The results of the system testing and estimations of residual orbit instability under the system control are presented, as well.

The VEPP-4M storage ring system of SR front ends is described. SR is released by means of 14 front ends. Eleven of them are intended for beamlines of experimental stations. One front end is technical. For the permanent stabilization of an orbit of a beam with respect to a coordinate and angle in the vertical direction, two monitoring front ends are used. They take out SR from emission regions, which are at a large distance from one another.

In the last decade the Siberian SR Centre has implemented a wide program of SR and FEL research in cooperation with various research centres and institutions in Russia and abroad. The report illustrates this program, including joint experiments with the use of SR and FEL sources available at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (INP), the implementation of new joint projects in Novosibirsk and at other centres, as well as the delivery of equipment designed and fabricated at the Budker INP or in collaboration with the Russian industry. Some technical information about the SR storage rings, wigglers, undulators and free electron lasers which are being constructed, used or developed at Budker INP is given as well.

A recording system on the basis of a matrix CCD and the first results of its testing are described. The system is intended for fast registration (from 10 up to 100 mu s per image) of the limited (100 through 500) series of one-dimensional X-ray images. Here the CCD is used for direct registration of X-rays as well as for the accumulation and short-time storage of one-dimensional bulk images. After the registration is complete, the accumulated images are transformed into a digitized electric signal, which is read out by a computer.Our consideration also deals with the system speed main restrictions, which are due to both the electric parameters of a matrix CCD and the charge-diffusion effects in the substratum. Besides, the methods for diminishing these restrictions are discussed.

The geometrical resolution of modern solid-state X-ray imagers (photodiode arrays, PDA, and charge-coupled devices, CCD) is defined by their sensitive-pixel sizes and ranges from 10 up to 20 mu m, i.e. these imagers yield considerably to photoemulsions in the resolution (0.1-1 mu m of emulsions).In the present paper, an attempt to create a recording unit with a spatial resolution comparable to that of photoemulsions is described. First results of testing of the unit is described. The last was fabricated on the basis of a PDA containing 1024 sensitive pixels which are 150 mu m high and are positioned with a 25 mu m step. The feature of the given PDA consists of the presence of an individual charge-sensitive amplifier in each pixel. This allowed us to realize an algorithm of the digital double correlated sampling and to remove KTC noise which, under ordinary conditions, limits the PDA sensitivity. To diminish the noise level, the unit is provided with a double-correlated-sampling analog highway, which removes 1/f noises of the on-chip read preamplifiers and possesses the LF filter qualities, and with cooling of the PDA by a two-stage battery of Peltier cells.The unit was tested in the mode of the integrating X-ray imager. It is expected, by corresponding computer processing of the separate X-ray photon absorption events, that one will succeed in determining each event coordinate while allowing for the signal charge distribution between pixels due to charge diffusion in the PDA substratum.

Analysis is presented of the effect of charge diffusion on the performance of solid-state semiconductor imagers (CCDs. photodiode arrays, etc.) when used for X-ray image detection. The theoretical spatial-temporal transfer function of an epitaxial device at inclined radiation is obtained. The proposed theoretical model and experimental results are compared.

Some properties such as diffusion noise, time and spatial distortions, etc., of solid-state semiconductor imagers in the X-ray region are described. The influence of these properties on the performance of one- and two-dimensional rapid image detection systems based on matrix CCDs is discussed.

In this paper experiments in which intracell avalanche amplification is obtained in a 1000-element commercial linear CCD are described. Amplification was observed in the blue spectral range at room and liquid nitrogen temperatures. It took place in the channel stops of the CCD cells. Some peculiarities of amplification in these nonuniform MIS structures are discussed.

In the present work the SR beam lines at the TNK are described. Two types of SR beam lines are considered: for radiation from strong-field superconducting wigglers in the 0.2–5 Å wavelength range and for radiation from bending magnets, undulators and multipole wigglers in the 5–2000 Å range.

A dose dependence analysis of the origin of surface states under the influence of synchrotron radiation has been performed. Quantity estimates of the exposure dose absorbed by the investigated samples, and also analysis of the surface states' relaxation process under thermal treatment have been done. It has been shown that short-time, low-temperature annealing restores the parameters of the samples to the initial level.

At present, in various imager devices, the phenomenon of avalanche amplification—in uniform MIS (metal-insulator-semiconductor) structures is extensively used. For these structures, the current is, as a rule, the output signal. The authors of this paper have previously made the supposition that an alternative approach can be feasible—to achieve the regime of avalanche amplification in MIS imagers dealing with electric charges, and in particular, to obtain intracell amplification in commercial charge-coupled devices (CCD) when detecting x-ray images. In this paper experiments in which the intracell avalanche amplification is obtained in a 1000-element commercial linear CCD imager are described. During direct detection of x rays and red optical radiation, no avalanche amplification takes place because of the peculiarities of the structure of the active regions of this device. However, in the blue spectral range there has been revealed, at room temperature, a stable uniform amplification of the order of 10, limited mainly by the multiplication of thermogenerated charges and, possibly, by a tunneling breakdown. At the temperature of liquid nitrogen, inner amplification factor roughly equal to 105–106 has been obtained in the active regions of the device and, hence, the observation of the signals from individual photogenerated carriers has become possible. The corresponding total amplification factor (of the order of 104) allows one to detect light fluxes in the blue spectral range, which are totally disguised by noise if the amplification is absent. Such a high amplification factor in the optical region has made it possible to demonstrate the effectiveness of the avalanche regime at the temperature of liquid nitrogen when detecting x radiation, using its conversion to light on the luminophor. The amplification factor achieved is about 102. In conclusion, some peculiarities of the avalanche break-down of nonuniform MIS structures and, in particular, of in the active regions of the CCD under consideration have been analyzed. The structures, oriented to an effective avalanche amplification when detecting x-ray and optical radiation are discussed as well.

In this paper experimental results on the correction of image diffusion distortions by a microcomputer using a fast Fourier transform are described. The images were obtained using solid-state semiconductor detectors (CCD) in the X-ray region. In a number of cases, nonlinear adaptive pseudo least-mean-square-error filtering was performed in order to limit the high-frequency noise. A special nonlinear heuristic ''background line filter'' has also been designed.