Nitrogen doping serves as a viable strategy to improve the activity of heterogeneous Fenton-like catalysts, whereas the practical deployment of Fenton-like technology is restricted by the complexity of nitrogen-doping procedures. Herein, an in situ nitrogen-doped Fenton-like catalyst was synthesized through calcination from an in situ iron-incorporated hyper-cross-linked polymer, where aniline functions as both carbon and nitrogen sources while FeCl3 serves dual roles as a catalyst for the polymerization and an iron precursor. The resulting alpha-Fe2O3/N-CHCP materials were systematically evaluated for methylene blue (MB) degradation via heterogeneous Fenton-like reactions. Comprehensive characterization demonstrates that nitrogen doping effectively modulates the electronic structure of the carbon matrix, facilitating enhanced charge transfer kinetics and promoting efficient 00000000000000000 00000000000000000 00000000000000000 01111111111111110 00000000000000000 01111111111111110 00000000000000000 01111111111111110 00000000000000000 00000000000000000 00000000000000000 Fe3+/Fe2+ cycling for superior H2O2 activation. The optimized alpha-Fe2O3/N-CHCP-2 catalyst exhibits exceptional catalytic performance, achieving complete removal of MB (100 mg L-1) within 15 min under neutral conditions (pH 7.3) with a high apparent rate constant (kobs) of 0.4732 min-1 significantly surpassing that of the N-free alpha-Fe2O3/CHCP catalyst (kobs = 0.0159 min-1). The alpha-Fe2O3/N-CHCP-2 catalytic system also demonstrates remarkable operational flexibility, maintaining high efficiency across a broad pH range (3-10) and in the presence of some common inorganic coexisting ions. Mechanistic investigations, supported by quenching experiments and EPR spectroscopy, reveal that hydroxyl radicals (& centerdot;OH) are the predominant reactive species, whereas superoxide radicals (& centerdot;O2-) contribute secondarily to the degradation process. This work establishes an effective synthetic approach for constructing advanced in situ N-doping and metal-nitrogen-carbon coordination systems with optimized interfacial electron transfer properties, offering promising applications in advanced oxidation processes for wastewater remediation.

Efficient activation of periodate (PI, IO4-) is crucial to developing cost-effective advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for the removal of pharmaceutical contaminants, yet remains constrained by sluggish reaction kinetics and limited catalyst stability. Herein, we report a confinement-engineered FeCu nanoalloy system spatially embedded within nitrogen-doped graphitic carbon nanotubes (FeCu/N-GCNT), prepared via a one-pot pyrolysis followed by carbonization strategy. The spatial confinement effect stabilizes ultrasmall FeCu nanoalloys, suppresses aggregation and metal leaching, and promotes interfacial electron transfer, thereby enhancing catalytic efficiency and long-term stability. The optimized FeCu/N-GCNT-3/PI system achieved complete sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation within 12 min (kobs = 0.3485 min(-1)), outperforming 2.7-, 5.1-, and 13.7-fold higher than Fe/N-GCNT (kobs = 0.1257 min(-1)), Cu/N-GC (kobs = 0.0674 min(-1)), and N-GCNT (kobs = 0.0253 min(-1)), respectively. The catalyst also exhibits superior performance across diverse operational conditions and outperforms alternative oxidant systems (H2O2, PMS, and PDS) as well as most reported Fe-based catalysts. Mechanistic investigations reveal the formation of transient FeCu/N-GCNT/PI* interfacial complexes that accelerate electron transfer and promote IO4- decomposition, enabling a non-radical pathway dominated by singlet oxygen (O-1(2)), with contributions from O-2(center dot-) , and O-I(3)center dot radicals. Additionally, the catalyst demonstrates excellent structural stability, magnetic recoverability, negligible metal leaching, and robust recyclability. Degradation intermediates were identified by mass spectrometry, and transformation pathways were elucidated, alongside toxicity assessment of by-products. This work highlights spatial confinement engineering as an effective strategy to regulate nanoalloy reactivity and unlock efficient periodate activation for the remediation of antibiotic-contaminated water.

Drought, salt, heat, cold, flooding, and heavy metal toxicity are examples of abiotic stresses that drastically lower crop output by interfering with photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, water balance, and cellular homeostasis. Global food security thus depends on the development of sustainable methods to improve crop resilience. Because of their great biocompatibility, customisable surface chemistry, superior optical qualities, minimal toxicity, and environmental friendliness, carbon dots (CDs), a family of carbon-based nanomaterials, have become potential prospects for agricultural applications. The present work provides a complete summary of current developments in the use of CDs to increase plant resistance to abiotic stressors. Improved light harvesting and electron transfer, protection of chloroplast integrity, regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, activation of antioxidant defense systems, improved nutrient assimilation, maintenance of ion and water homeostasis, and modulation of stress-responsive gene expression are some of the underlying mechanisms. In addition, the review compares the common and stress-specific mechanisms of CD-mediated stress tolerance across different abiotic stresses and discusses how physicochemical properties, including particle size, surface functionalisation, and heteroatom doping, influence their biological performance. Recent breakthroughs in green synthesis, biomass-derived precursors, scalable production methodologies, and agricultural applications are also discussed. Furthermore, current challenges associated with field-scale validation, environmental fate, ecotoxicological safety, bioaccumulation, and regulatory considerations are critically discussed to provide a balanced perspective. Overall, this review provides updated mechanistic insights and future research priorities for the safe and sustainable application of carbon dots as next-generation nanomaterials for developing climate-resilient and sustainable agricultural systems.

The Fenton degradation process represents a promising approach for the treatment of organic wastewater and has garnered significant attention in recent years. However, most artificially synthesized Fenton like catalysts still have shortcomings such as complex preparation procedures and insufficient catalytic performance, which constrained its practical applications. In this work, a facile and scalable strategy was developed to fabricate Fenton-like catalysts by calcining an in situ iron-loaded super-crosslinked polymer precursor synthesized via selfweaving polymerization, using alpha,alpha '-Dichloro-p-xylene (DCX) as both monomer and crosslinking agent. The resulting Fe3O4/CHCP-600-5 catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic activity for H2O2 activation, achieving complete degradation of tetracycline (20 mg/L) within 20 min with a low catalyst dosage (30 mg/L) and oxidant concentration (2 mM). This exceptional performance is attributed to the uniform dispersion of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs), the high specific surface area, and abundant structural defects of the carbon framework. Notably, the catalyst showed a low activation energy (Ea = 12.4 kJ mol- 1), indicating efficient reaction kinetics over a wide temperature range. Mechanistic studies revealed that center dot OH, center dot O2- , and 1O2 were the key reactive species, enabling operation across a broad pH range (3-9). Additionally, intermediate analysis and toxicity assessments demonstrated a marked reduction in ecological risks. This study offers a highly efficient Fenton-like catalyst and an accessible synthesis method, paving the way for advanced catalytic materials in wastewater remediation applications.

In this study, we synthesized a novel BiVO4/g-C3N4/rGO 4 /g-C 3 N 4 /rGO (BGR) heterojunction photocatalyst using the hydro- thermal method. The synthesized catalysts were characterized through X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEMEDX), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Ultraviolet-Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV- DRS) to analyze their structural, morphological, and optical properties. The hybrid BGR nanocomposite displayed remarkable absorption characteristics, photocatalytic activity, and notable stability. Photocatalytic degradation performance was evaluated against methylene blue (MB) and indigo carmine (IC) dyes. The BGR ternary hybrid nanocomposites demonstrated significant photocatalytic degradation efficiency, achieving removal rates of 95.6 % for MB and 97.5 % for IC dyes within 120 min. The improved photocatalytic efficiency of the ternary photocatalyst is attributed to superior electron-hole pair separation and the formation of the heterojunction structure. The BGR nanocomposite exhibited excellent recyclability, maintaining its activity and crystalline characteristics over five photodegradation cycles. Additionally, the antibacterial activity of the BGR nanocomposites against Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated under UV-visible light exposure. This study provides insights for designing efficient visible-light- driven photocatalysts for environmental remediation purposes.

Ferrite-based photocatalysts have raised as potent agents for breaking down organic pollutants in wastewater treatment. However, the challenge of developing an environmentally sustainable and economically viable photocatalyst with heightened efficacy persists. In this study, we prepared a green biochar-supported ZnFe2O4 (BC-ZnFe2O4) composite catalyst through a simple calcination method using waste banana peel (Macho plantain). The physicochemical properties of the prepared catalysts were thoroughly characterized, encompassing phase structure, surface morphology, purity, size, optical features, and charge separation efficiency. The characterization results confirmed that the ZnFe2O4 had a specific crystal structure in the composite. Microscopic analysis showed that the BC-ZnFe2O4 composite had a consistent cubic-like shape, with grains sized between 60–80 nm. Importantly, these BC-ZnFe2O4 composite had a direct band gap of about 2.29 eV, making them suitable for photocatalytic reactions. The photocatalytic methylene blue (MB) degradation experiments revealed that BC-ZnFe2O4 (91.08

Synthetic dyes are widely used and there is an urgent need for effective technologies to remove dyes from wastewater due to environmental concerns. This investigation revolves around this research of Cu 0.5 Co 0.5 WO4/g-C3N4 nanocomposites are exceptionally efficient catalysts against the degradation of MB dye under UV–Vis light irradiation. The as-synthesized nanocomposites are characterized by XRD, FTIR, UV-DRS, SEM, TEM, and XPS analyses to investigate their structure, phase formation, optical properties, surface morphology, and elemental composition analyses. The Cu 0.5 Co 0.5 WO4/g-C3N4 nanocomposites showcased exceptional performance in the photocatalytic degradation process, achieving an impressive degradation rate of 93.4

Fabrication of efficient perovskite photo-Fenton catalytic systems is recognized as an effective strategy for clean water production. However, modifying perovskite catalysts effectively remains a formidable challenge. In this study, we prepared Bi-doped LaFeO3 photo-Fenton catalysts using a facile microwave-assisted method. Various characterization techniques confirmed the successful formation of these Bi-doped LaFeO3 perovskite materials. The photo-Fenton activity of the Bi-doped LaFeO3 perovskite materials with varying Bi content was assessed by monitoring the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye solution. Remarkably, the optimized Bi-doped LaFeO3 (referred to as LBFO3) catalyst achieved approximately 93.64% degradation of MB within 100 min of visible light exposure, demonstrating exceptional efficacy in treating wastewater containing organic dye pollutants. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the LBFO3 perovskite materials arises from the incorporation of Bi, leading to an expanded optical absorption range, increased specific surface area, and enhanced separation and migration of photo-generated carriers. Importantly, the LBFO3 photo-Fenton system exhibited remarkable stability during four successive cycling treatments, indicating promising practical applications. Additionally, quenching experiments were conducted to elucidate electron transfer in the LBFO3 catalyst related to the photo-Fenton degradation mechanism of MB. This study might pave the way toward designing novel perovskite based photo-Fenton systems for highly efficient degradation of waterborne contaminants.

The Fenton degradation process has attracted significant attention as a promising method for treating organic dye-contaminated wastewater. However, its industrial application is limited by unsatisfactory catalytic performance. In this study, we synthesized a novel heterogeneous CuFe2O4/Fe2O3/CHCP Fenton catalyst by calcining a Fe/Cu-containing hyper-crosslinked polymer (HCP) and investigated its efficacy in degrading methylene blue (MB) dye pollutants. The degradation experiments using MB revealed that the optimized CuFe2O4/Fe2O3/C-HCP-2/H2O2 catalytic system achieved an impressive degradation efficiency of 97 % (k=0.2374 min(-1) within 14 min, along with a total organic carbon conversion efficiency of 58.5 %. This degradation rate was approximately six times higher than that of Fe2O3/CHCP/H2O2 (41 %; k=0.0365 min(-1) ) catalytic system, highlighting its superior degradation capabilities. Additionally, CuFe2O4/Fe2O3/CHCP- 2 exhibited a wide operational pH range (pH 3-9) and maintained high cycling efficiency even after five successive recycles, indicating robust stability and reusability. The enhanced Fenton catalytic performance of CuFe2O4/Fe2O3/CHCP-2 can be attributed to the high specific surface area and porosity of the hyper-crosslinked polymer precursor, which ensures uniform dispersion of Fe/Cu elements, significantly improving catalytic efficiency and stability. This study provides a feasible strategy to enhance Fenton degradation activity, aiding in the removal of organic dye pollutants from aqueous environments and purification systems.

In this work, the CuFe2O4/g-C3N4/rGO ternary nanocomposite was prepared by hydrothermal methods. The synthesized photocatalysts underwent comprehensive characterization of their physicochemical properties using various analytical techniques like XRD, XPS, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, and UV-vis DRS analysis. Additionally, the study delved into the detailed discussion of the photocatalytic degradation of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) and tetracycline (TC) solutions, thoroughly exploring the photocatalytic mechanisms involved in these processes. The results displayed that the CuFe2O4/g-C3N4/rGO ternary nanocomposite composites revealed remarkable photocatalytic activities than the pure CuFe2O4, CuFe2O4/g-C3N4 and CuFe2O4/rGO catalysts, attaining 90 % degradation for RB5 and 67 % for TC after 150 min of Ultraviolet A irradiation. The enhanced photocatalytic performance could be attributed to the production of heterojunctions between CuFe2O4, g-C3N4 and rGO, which enhances charge transfer efficiency and separations. Moreover, the possible photocatalytic degradation mechanism proposed is based on the generation of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals during photocatalytic degradation. Moreover, the excellent performance of CuFe2O4/g-C3N4/rGO ternary composites was demonstrated in the photocatalytic inactivation of E. coli. The results revealed the capability of these composites to achieve the inactivation of 7 log10 cfu mL- 1 of bacterial cells after 150 min of exposure to visible light.

Photocatalytic removal of antibiotic pollutants is a promising technology for advancing society. However, quick charge recombination in semiconductors hinders the effectiveness of photocatalysis. The construction of a heterojunction photocatalyst is an effective approach to improving the degradation rate. In this present work, 2D porous graphitic carbon nitride (denoted as PCN) nanosheets were prepared through a salt-assisted thermal decomposition method. Subsequently, a novel porous g-C3N4/Fe2(MoO4)3 (denoted as PCN/FMO) composite was designed using a facile hydrothermal process for the degradation of doxycycline (DOX). The formation of Zscheme heterojunctions and chemically bonded interfacial charge transfer effects in the PCN/FMO composite facilitated the efficient charge carrier separation and migration. As a result, the enhanced photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the PCN/FMO composite reached 92.1% and K value 0.0207 min- 1 after 120 min of visible light irradiation, which is comparatively higher than that of pristine CN (32.71% and 0.0031 min- 1), PCN (45.1% and 0.0047 min- 1), and FMO (52.9% and 0.0062 min- 1) photocatalysts, and there is no substantial reduction in DOX degradation performance after six cycles. Active species trapping analysis identified the primary reactive agents, suggesting that h+, center dot OH, and center dot O2- radicals are the predominant reactive species in the photocatalytic degradation process. The findings of this work suggest that the as-prepared PCN/FMO composite is a promising candidate for highly efficient degradation of wastewater containing antibiotic pollutants.

Developing highly effective photocatalysts is essential in environmental remediation and sustainable manufacturing. In this study, a carbon-based semiconductor nanocomposite (g-C3N4/Bi2S3) was effectively prepared via a hydrothermal approach. Comprehensive physicochemical characterizations were active to assess the morphological, structural, and photochemical attributes of the fabricated g-C3N4/Bi2S3 nanocomposites using microscopic and spectrophotometric analyses while the intermediate products formation was assessed through GC-MS analysis. Photocatalytic degradation performance was evaluated against Reactive Black 5 (RB5) and Indigo Carmine (IC) dyes. The g-C3N4/Bi2S3 nanocomposites exhibited remarkable photodegradation efficiency compared with pure g-C3N4 and Bi2S3 catalysts, achieving 95.6 % degradation for IC and 97.5 % for RB5 after 120 min of Ultraviolet A irradiation (UVA). This excellent photocatalytic activity demonstrates the potential of g-C3N4/Bi2S3 nanocomposites for future employment in visible-light-driven wastewater treatment. The mechanism of g-C3N4/Bi2S3 NCs photocatalysis involves efficient charge separation, active site interactions, electron and hole transfer, and subsequent oxidative removal of organic pollutants, revealing the NCs suitability for sustainable environmental applications. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the g-C3N4/Bi2S3 nanocomposites in combating Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis was appraised under UVA light exposure to determine their antibacterial properties.

In this present work, a novel CuO/ZnFe2O4 nanocomposites has been fabricated via hydrothermal-assisted synthesis using Ulva lactuca L. extract as both a reducing and capping agent A comprehensive investigation such as structural, morphological, optical, and electronic properties of the CuO/ZnFe2O4 NCs were investigated in details. The photocatalytic efficacy of the prepared CuO/ZnFe2O4 NCs was assessed for Congo red (CR) dye degradation and the experimental results demonstrate the CuO/ZnFe2O4 NCs exhibits superior photocatalytic activity (91.13% k=0.03289min−1) compared to pure CuO and ZnFe2O4 catalysts under 120min of visible light irradiation. Additionally, the CuO/ZnFe2O4 NCs exhibited excellent long-term recycling stability over four consecutive cycles. This enhanced photocatalytic performance of CuO/ZnFe2O4 NCs was attributed to the synergism between CuO and ZnFe2O4, which facilitate the exceptional properties such as large specific area, a wide visible-light absorption range, and efficient electron-hole separation. Furthermore, the prepared CuO/ZnFe2O4 NCs were evaluated for their in-vitro antibacterial and anticancer properties. The results of the disc diffusion assay with CuO/ZnFe2O4 NCs as an antibacterial agent demonstrated a highest zone of inhibition of 18.23 ± 0.30mm for Bacillus subtilis and 19.83 ± 0.76mm Escherichia coli. Moreover, in vitro cytotoxicity assessments using the MTT assay indicated a 64.94% cytotoxic activity against HT-29 colon cancer cells. The multifunctional advantages of Ulva lactuca L. extract-mediated green CuO/ZnFe2O4 NCs hold significant promise for environmental remediation and in vitro-based therapeutic applications.

Organic pollutants such as dyes and pharmaceutical drugs have become a significant environmental problem due to their unrestricted discharge, especially in water bodies. As a result, an economically viable and environmentally friendly approach to their degradation in water bodies is required and the incorporation of metal tungstate with single metal oxide has attracted attention due to its potential ability towards the photocatalytic degradation of pollutants. The work demonstrates a WO 3 /g-C 3 N 4 /V 2 O 5 nanocomposite synthesized using a facile route wet impregnation method. The results revealed that WO 3 /g-C 3 N 4 /V 2 O 5 nanocomposites are suitable, mainly for their better surface properties, enhanced visible-light absorption, and preferred band positions. Besides that, the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye is carried out and demonstrated that the complete degradation occurs over 120 min using 10 mg L −1 of WO 3 /g-C 3 N 4 /V 2 O 5 nanocomposite under UV–visible-light irradiation. The scavenger experimental result implies that the photogenerated free electrons and superoxide radials are important role in MB dye degradation. In addition, a possible mechanism is proposed for the photocatalytic activity of WO 3 /g-C 3 N 4 /V 2 O 5 nanocomposite. Moreover, the stability analysis demonstrated that the WO 3 /g-C 3 N 4 /V 2 O 5 nanocomposite can be recycled multiple times.

Photocatalytic water decontamination has emerged as a highly promising technology for efficient and rapid water treatment, harnessing sustainable solar energy as its driving force. In this study, we prepared visible-light active Bi2S3/CoS2 composites for the degradation of naproxen (NPX) and the inactivation of Escherichia coli (E. coli). The homogeneous dispersion of CoS2 was stably integrated with Bi2S3, resulting in a significant enhancement of the specific surface area, efficient utilization of visible light, and effective separation of photogenerated charge carriers. Consequently, this synergistic photocatalytic system greatly facilitated the successful degradation of NPX and the inactivation of E. coli under visible-light irradiation. Compared to the pure Bi2S3 and CoS2 catalysts, the Bi2S3/CoS2 (1:2) composites displayed significantly enhanced photodegradation activity, achieving 96.46% (k = 0.2847 min-1) degradation of NPX within 90 min and maintaining good recyclability with no significant decline after six successive cycles. Additionally, the photocatalytic inactivation of E. coli results indicated that Bi2S3/CoS2 composites exhibited excellent performance, leading to the inactivation of 7 log10 cfu mL-1 of bacterial cells after 150 min of visible-light exposure. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and K+ ions leakage tests demonstrated that the destruction of the E. coli cell membrane structure resulted in cell death. The outcomes of this work suggest that Bi2S3/CoS2 composites hold significant potential for treating water contaminated with antibiotic and microbial pollutants.

Herein, a Bi2S3/Cu2S was successfully synthesized via a simple one-step wet impregnation process. The compositional behavior and electrical and optical properties of photocatalysts were investigated in detail. Photocatalytic technology has shown great promise in wastewater treatment, splitting water to hydrogen, and converting CO2 to fuel. Researchers or scientist are attempting to design sulfate-based heterojunction photocatalytic systems in order to develop novel photocatalysts with excellent performance. Photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) dye and tetracycline (TC) drug under visible light irradiation was used to assess the photocatalytic activity of as-prepared samples. As a result, 2:1% wt of Bi2S3/Cu2S heterostructure composite revealed superior visible light degradation performing of MB dye, and TC drug efficiency as 90.2% and 87.5%, respectively. The prepared hybrid photocatalyst has demonstated a potential for use in the photocatalytic degradation of antibiotic durgs and dyes, indicating a promissing future for its application.

With the onset of the COVID-19 epidemic and the measures implemented to curb the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, there has been increasing attention on safe drinking water and waterborne viruses during water treatment processes. In this study, we investigate the impact of solution chemistry, including ionic strength (Na+ or Ca2+) pH, and natural organic matter (NOM), on the efficiency of MS2 bacteriophage inactivation by ozone in the presence of inorganic and organic particles (kaolinite (KAO) and microcystis aeruginosa (MA), respectively). The study results demonstrate that KAO has been found to adsorb MS2, but it does not significantly affect the inactivation of MS2 by ozone. In contrast, the inactivation of MS2 increased at low MA concentrations ranging from 10(5) to 10(6) cells/L due to MS2 dispersion, but decreased at higher concentrations ranging from 10(7) to 10(8) cells/L. The monovalent Na+ ion solutions (similar to 200 mmol/L) maintain MS2 stability and dispersion irrespective of the presence of particles, and did not affect inactivation. Additionally, MS2 aggregates in divalent C-a2+ solutions, resulting in reduced inactivation with or without particles present. Increasing the solution's pH had a negative impact on inactivation, leading to ozone reduction and weakening of the inactivation. However, the presence of NOM poses a significant risk to the safety of drinking water by reducing MS2 inactivation.

Carbon-based metallic catalysts (CMCs) have emerged as efficient materials for removing water contam-inants, but preparing CMCs with high efficiency and stability remains a great challenge. In this study, we prepared a bimetallic composite of Cu-Co/C catalyst via a gelation and calcination method to degrade Orange II by activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS). The characterization results demonstrated that the specific surface area and pore size of Cu-Co/C catalysts were 1.675 m2/g and 6.313 nm, respectively, which can provide larger catalytic active sites for boosting PMS activation. Moreover, the effects of dif-ferent factors on Orange II degradation efficiency, cyclic experiments, and possible application in real water bodies were investigated. The Cu-Co/C catalyst can effectively activate PMS, and 50 mg/L of Orange II was almost completely removed within 15 min. Additionally, the Cu-Co/C catalyst exhibited high degradation efficiency for other organic dye pollutants. The radical quenching experiments indicated that the main active species for Cu-Co/C catalyzed degradation of Orange II were SO-4 & BULL; and singlet oxygen (1O2). The catalyst demonstrated good stability and performance in real water bodies. We believe that this study will promote the application of carbon-based bimetallic catalysts in the environmental reme-diation process that utilize SO4 & BULL; based advanced oxidation.& COPY; 2023 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Recently, the environmental contamination caused by toxic dyes has posed a severe threat to human health. Semiconductor-based photocatalysis is gaining a lot of attention due to its potential applications in environmental remediation. Herein, photocatalytic reactive FeCoWO4/g-C3N4 nanocomposites were prepared through a facile route hydrothermal process. The bare FeCoWO4, g-C3N4 and FeCoWO4/g-C3N4 nanocomposites possess specific features, including reactive surface sites, improved efficiency of charge transfer, and accelerated separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. As a result, the photocatalytic activity towards methylene blue dye (MB) degradation activity of FeCoWO4/g-C3N4 nanocomposites is significantly improved. Thus, photocatalysts exhibited the highest degradation activities and could remove 91.5 % of MB dye within 120 minutes of visible light irradiation. The enhanced photocatalytic activity with excellent recyclability shows potential for the practical application of FeCoWO4/g-C3N4 nanocomposites for wastewater treatment.

A novel composite of multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) supported V2O5 quantum dots decorated Bi2O3 hybrid was prepared by the simple wet-impregnation method, and the photocatalytic performance of the prepared samples was investigated against the photodegradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP). Herein, different samples of pristine, V2O5/Bi2O3 and MWCNT@V2O5/Bi2O3 hybrid photocatalyst were prepared and systematically characterized by various physicochemical techniques. The characterization results demonstrated that the introduction of MWCNT can change the energy band gap of V2O5/Bi2O3, and the band energies vary with a constituent of MWCNT@V2O5/Bi2O3 catalyst, in which MWCNT@V2O5/Bi2O3-5 (0.05 g@0.50 g:0.50 g) has the optimal band gap energy of 2.46 eV. The photocatalytic test demonstrates that the MWCNT@V2O5/Bi2O3-5 hybrid composites exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity in CIP degradation compared to that pure and other photocatalyst and its degradation efficiency did not decrease significantly even after five cyclic experiments. The enhanced photocatalytic activity was due to the formation of heterojunction among MWCNT, V2O5 and Bi2O3, which distinctly improved the separation efficiency of the photogenerated charge carrier, thus increasing the degradation performance. This work gives a new approach to designing an efficient photocatalyst for contaminants degradation.