Purpose. To assess the chemopreventive effect of oleanolic acid (ONA) and its synthetic analog 18 alpha-olean-12-ene-3 beta-23,28-triol (OT) on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in F344 rats and understand anti-inflammatory properties and apoptosis effects in HT29 colon cancer cells and Raw 264.7 macrophage cell lines.Methods. Five week-old male F344 rats were fed a control diet or experimental diets containing two doses of ONA (750 and 1,500 ppm) and OT (250 and 500 ppm). After 1 week, all animals were s.c. injected with AOM (15 mg/kg body weight, once weekly for 2 weeks). At 14 weeks of age, all rats were killed and colons were evaluated for ACF. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expressions and apoptosis were assessed in cell lines exposed to OT using western blots and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining.Results. Administration of ONA and OT inhibited mean colonic ACF and multi-crypt AC/foci in a dose dependent manner (p < 0.001-0.0001). OT blocked the COX-2 expression induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in a dose-dependent manner and induced apoptosis in HT-29 cancer cells, and suppressed iNOS activation in RAW264.7 macrophages.Conclusions. ONA and OT possess chemopreventive activity against colon carcinogenesis in rat and OT inhibits the COX-2 and iNOS and induces apoptosis in cell lines.

Following the publication of the above article, an interested reader drew to the authors' attention that certain of the in vitro image panels shown in Fig. 3B (featuring the effects of adding five different concentrations of omeprazole on acridine orange/ethidium bromide‑stained HCA‑7 cells) and Fig. 4 (showing western blotting experiments) on p. 173 and 174 respectively contained overlapping data panels, where results that were intended to represent the results of differently performed experiments had apparently been derived from the same original sources. Specifically, the image panels for 0 and 50 µM/ml omeprazole (Fig. 3Ba and Bb), and 100 and 200 µM/ml omeprazole (Fig. 3Bc and Bd), in Fig. 3B were strikingly similar; and the bands shown for p21 and cyclin A in Fig. 4A and B respectively were also similar, albeit each set of protein bands were turned through 180° relative to the other. After having examined their original data, the authors realized that these figures had been inadvertently assembled incorrectly. The revised versions of Figs. 3 (showing the data correctly for the 0, 100 and 300 µM/ml omeprazole experiments) and 4 (with the cyclin A data omitted) are shown on the next page. Note that the edits made to these figures do not affect the overall results and conclusions reported in the paper. The authors are grateful to the Editor of International Journal of Oncology for granting them the opportunity to publish this corrigendum, and all the authors agree with its publication; furthermore, they apologize to the readership of the journal for any inconvenience caused. [International Journal of Oncology 40: 170‑175, 2012; DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2011.1214].

Detailed Description of Naproxen Quantitation

PDF - 982K, Supplementary figure 2. Common gene network for NO-naproxen and naproxen treated rat liver.

Varied Chemical Structures of ARE Agonist

PDF file - 40K, Effect of Erlotinib (6 mg/kg BW/day) on Time of Appearance of Methylnitrosourea- Induced Mammary Cancers in Female Sprague-Dawley Rats.

Supplementary Figure 1. Pathways coverage map of the significantly altered genes with OME 500ppm treatment in the rat colon tumors as identified using Reactome online tool. Supplementary Figure 2. Significantly down regulated Wnt signaling pathway candidates as visualized using Reactome online tool. (A). Wnt ligand biogenesis and trafficking (B). Degradation of beta-catenin by destruction complex. (C). TCF dependant signaling in response to WNT. (D) Beta-catenin independent WNT signaling. Supplementary Figure 3. Significantly down regulated chemokines related to inflammation pathway candidates as visualized using Reactome online tool. (A). Interleukin-6 family signaling. (B) Interleukin-1 family signaling. (C) Other interleukin signaling. Supplementary Figure 4. Significantly down regulated integrin signalling pathway candidates as visualized using Reactome online tool. Supplementary Figure 5. Significantly down regulated candidates of other key signaling pathways as visualized using Reactome online tool. (A) EGFR signaling. (B) MET signaling (C) Aryl-hydrocarbon signalling pathway

Supplementary Figure 1A. Effect of Frondanol A5 treatment on small intestine polyps (SIPs) cell proliferation

Supplementary Figure 2A. CD163 protein expression in the control and Frondanol A5-treated colon

Supplementary table 1 : Primers and PCR conditions

Supplementary Figure 1C. Proliferative index in SIPs and CTs from control and treated groups

Perspective on This Article from The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor Gefitinib Prevents the Progression of Pancreatic Lesions to Carcinoma in a Conditional LSL-KrasG12D/+ Transgenic Mouse Model

Supplemental Figure Legends

List of primers used for real-time PCR analysis.

Experimental Group Diet Additions, Treatment Duration and Group Size Microsoft Word Version

Supplementary Table 1. Effect of oral OME on terminal body weight and various organs. Supplementary Table 2. Analysis of various serum parameters to determine the effect of OME on liver function (AST & ALT), kidney function (BUN & CREA) and mineral absorption (Mg & Ca). Supplementary Table 3. Partial list of significantly altered pathways (TOP 20) identified using Panther Supplementary Table 4. Selected gene related to tumor growth and progression promoting mechanism / pathways with significantly suppressed gene expression in omeprazole 500 ppm rat colon tumors compared to control.