L'Anthropologie - Sous presse. Epreuves corrigees par l'auteur. Disponible en ligne depuis le samedi 11 septembre 2021

La fouille de Lavau “Zac du Mouton” a permis d’etudier un vaste monument funeraire installe au Ve s. a.C. sur des amenagements plus anciens. Constitue de deux enclos fossoyes quadrangulaires accoles, il abritait une sepulture que l’on pourrait qualifier de princiere. Le personnage inhume la est pare de bijoux en or et repose sur la caisse d’un char a deux roues. Un depot de vaisselle d’importation (chaudron, oenochoe attique, accessoires en argent) l’accompagne. Cette sepulture et son monument constituent une des plus impressionnantes manifestations du “phenomene princier”. Cette decouverte vient confirmer la presence, au niveau de Troyes, d’un pole de pouvoir dont la forme parait s’eloigner du standard des residences princieres. A travers l’examen multiscalaire des donnees disponibles, differentes questions sont soulevees, comme la position et la forme de l’habitat principal, celle de l’existence de sites fortifies, ou encore l’organisation du territoire.

Genomic studies conducted on ancient individuals across Europe have revealed how migrations have contributed to its present genetic landscape, but the territory of present-day France has yet to be connected to the broader European picture. We generated a large dataset comprising the complete mitochondrial genomes, Y-chromosome markers, and genotypes of a number of nuclear loci of interest of 243 individuals sampled across present-day France over a period spanning 7,000 y, complemented with a partially overlapping dataset of 58 low-coverage genomes. This panel provides a high-resolution transect of the dynamics of maternal and paternal lineages in France as well as of autosomal genotypes. Parental lineages and genomic data both revealed demographic patterns in France for the Neolithic and Bronze Age transitions consistent with neighboring regions, first with a migration wave of Anatolian farmers followed by varying degrees of admixture with autochthonous hunter-gatherers, and then substantial gene flow from individuals deriving part of their ancestry from the Pontic steppe at the onset of the Bronze Age. Our data have also highlighted the persistence of Magdalenian-associated ancestry in hunter-gatherer populations outside of Spain and thus provide arguments for an expansion of these populations at the end of the Paleolithic Period more northerly than what has been described so far. Finally, no major demographic changes were detected during the transition between the Bronze and Iron Ages.