对150份改良玉米自交系的籽粒(粒长、粒宽、百粒质量、容重)及其品质性状(籽粒含水量、油脂含量、蛋白质含量、淀粉含量、赖氨酸含量)进行分析,采用相关性分析、聚类分析和主成分分析方法进行综合评价,以筛选出优良自交系用于高品质玉米育种工作.相关性分析结果表明,玉米自交系籽粒含水量与蛋白质、淀粉、赖氨酸含量均呈显著或极显著正相关,与容重呈极显著负相关;淀粉含量与蛋白质、油脂含量和容重呈极显著负相关;百粒质量与粒长、粒宽均呈极显著正相关.聚类分析结果表明,玉米自交系被分为6个类群,其中,1、2类群的17N0358、17N0443在品质性状方面有明显特异性,自交系17N0358的籽粒含水量、蛋白质含量、淀粉含量、赖氨酸含量和百粒质量均达到最高,自交系17N0443具有低籽粒含水量、低蛋白质含量、低百粒质量、高油脂的特点.主成分分析结果表明,前4个主成分(百粒质量、含水量、蛋白质含量、赖氨酸含量)的累计贡献率达73.703％;综合得分高于对照自交系 B73 的 自 交系有 8 份(17N0536、17N0560、17N0544、17N0358、17N0373、17N0470、17N0556 和17N0540).结合聚类分析结果表明,共筛选出 9份(17N0358、17N0443、17N0536、17N0560、17N0544、17N0373、17N0470、17N0556和17N0540)籽粒及其品质性状较优的自交系.

[目的]探明玉米重组自交系(RILs)家系群体种子的活力特征,为玉米优异种质资源创制和强优势杂交组合配置提供参考.[方法]利用豫82×沈137(群体1)和豫537A×沈137(群体2)重组自交系家系及其3个亲本的玉米种子为材料,对其籽粒性状(百粒重、籽粒长、籽粒宽、含水量、电导率、蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量、丙二醛含量)、发芽性状(发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数)及幼苗性状(苗长、苗干重)进行描述性分析、相关性分析和主成分分析.[结果]群体1和群体2均以发芽势的变异系数最大,分别为56.38％和68.67％;籽粒宽、百粒重、苗长、苗干重、发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数等8个性状的变异系数群体2大于群体1.在2个群体的籽粒性状与发芽性状关系中,除群体2的百粒重与发芽率和活力指数呈显著正相关外,其他籽粒性状与发芽性状均无显著正相关.主成分分析将群体1和群体2的14个性状分别转化为5个和4个主成分,累计贡献率分别为78.778％和76.414％.[结论]2个玉米RILs群体的百粒重、苗干重和发芽率呈双向超亲分离,发芽势变异系数最大.活力指数、发芽指数、发芽势和发芽率显著相关;群体1的籽粒性状与发芽性状无显著相关,群体2的百粒重与发芽率和活力指数呈正相关.基于主成分分析对2个玉米RILs群体的籽粒性状和发芽性状进行综合评价,群体2的得分明显高于群体1,群体2中得分高的株系可用于育种实践.

为了掌握生产上广泛使用的12个玉米单交种的主要农艺性状间的关系,对被测试材料的植株、穗粒、产量以及品质性状进行了灰色关联度分析.结果表明:与产量密切相关的植株与穗粒性状是出籽率、行粒数、穗粗、穗粒重、百粒重等,其关联度在0.4353～0.3327.与粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗淀粉和赖氨酸含量等营养品质密切相关的植株与穗粒性状是出籽率、株高、穗长、轴粗、行粒数等,其关联度在0.5106～0.3929.综上所述,对于不同玉米种质材料进行遗传改良宜在保证正常生长的前提下,优先对出籽率、百粒重进行选择,还要注重对株高、穗长、轴粗、行粒数等性状的选择,进而提高育种效率.

单倍体是指含有配子染色体数的个体,单倍体育种是生物技术与常规育种方法结合产生的一条新的育种途径.介绍了获得和鉴定玉米单倍体的方法、如何实现单倍体加倍以及在玉米育种中加以应用,并就玉米单倍体育种研究存在的问题及发展前景等提出了自己的见解.

291S was a wheat male-sterile mutant which discovered in new strains of common wheat.In order to put it into practical use in two-line hybrid wheat breeding,the characteristics of fertility alteration,male abortion as well as the inheritance of sterility were analyzed preliminarily.The interval sowing experiments and the fertility purification was conducted.Development status of anthers and I2-KI staining of pollens were observed.Fertility performance of hybrid F1,F2 and Backcross populations were analyzed to determine the genetic mechanism.The result showed that 291S was a photo-thermo-sensitive male sterile line,which showed part fertile under short-day and low-temperature conditions when autumn sowing,showed high sterile under long-day and high-temperature conditions when spring sowing.The stamens of 291S could be transformed into pistil-like structures under certain photo-thermo condition.I2-KI staining of pollens showed the abortive pollen of 291S in sterile period was mainly the spherical abortion type.The fertility of individuals in 291S had difference on a certain degree,but its self-multiplication ability and sterility could be improved through selection effectively.291S might be a nuclear sterile line;its sterility was controlled by a major recessive nuclear gene and was influenced by other minor genes.291S had apparent characteristics of fertility alteration,and its inheritance of sterility was relatively simple.It had a certain application prospect in the two-line hybrid wheat production system.

<正>科大16是由依托河南科技大学农学院组建的洛阳市绿野生物工程有限公司选育的高产玉米新品种,于2008年4月通过河南省农作物品种审定委员会审定(审定编号:豫审玉2008018),准许在河南中等以上

<正>玉米是杂种优势利用最充分、雌雄同株的异花授粉作物,其杂种优势利用最主要的体现是利用人工去雄进行杂交制种,其制种产量的高低和质量的好坏维系于生产过程中的各个环节,只有严格做好

玉米是杂种优势利用最充分、雌雄同株的异花授粉作物.其杂种优势利用最主要的体现是利用人工去雄进行杂交制种.其制种产量的高低和质量的好坏维系于生产过程中的各个环节.只有严格做好各个环节的工作.才能确保所制玉米杂交种的产量和种子质量.更好地保护制种单位和用种者的利益.本文就提高玉米杂交种制种的产量和种子质量的措施进行了探讨.以期为玉米杂交制种实践提供参考.

The correlation and path analysis of 6 characters in indica cytoplasmic male sterile lines which related to outcrossing seed-setting rate were studied in this paper.The results showed:(1) The correlation and path analysis of 6 characters related to outcrossing seed-setting showed that stigma exserted rate and opening angle were extremely significant positive correlation to outcrossing seed-setting rate,their correlation coefficient was 0.963 and 0.936 respectively.The correlation of outcrossing seed-setting rate and other traits had no significant.(2)The direct effect of stigma exserted rate to outcrossing seed-setting rate was the biggest,the path coefficient was 0.8383.The path coefficient of spikelet opening time to outcrossing seed-setting rate was 0.4132,but its indirect effect through other characters was negative on the whole.As a result,the correlation of spikelet opening time to outcrossing seed-setting rate was negative.The direct effect of opening angle of spikelet and spikelets flowering before noon to outcrossing seed-setting rate were positive,their path coefficient were 0.1648 and 0.0271.The direct effect of stigma vigour coefficient and unemerged spikelets rate to outcrossing seed-setting rate were negative,their path coefficient were-0.4811 and-0.1020 respectively.

概述了水稻不育系异交性能影响因素间的遗传相关关系及其改良策略.指出了影响水稻不育系异交性能的因素彼此相互关联,互相影响.改良不育系异交性能对于优化其生产应用前景和提高杂交育种亲本选择的预见性意义重大.