目的 了解长沙市岳麓区居民膳食结构和营养素摄入现况,为针对性开展营养健康教育提供参考依据.方法调查长沙市岳麓区3岁及以上居民2020年食物消费状况,采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验分析各年龄组居民平均每标准人日膳食和营养素摄入量差异,并与2010-2013年中国居民营养与健康状况、中国居民膳食指南和膳食营养素参考摄入量进行比较.结果 共计392人纳入数据分析,其中男性192人、女性200人,平均年龄(37.39±19.93)岁.2020年岳麓区居民平均每标准入日谷类(341.9 g)、大豆(33.6 g)、蛋类(39.9 g)和鱼虾蟹贝类(47.3 g)摄入量基本达到膳食宝塔推荐量;但薯类(19.5 g)、水果(34.9 g)、乳及乳制品(58.9 g)的摄入严重不足,畜禽肉类(159.7 g)、食用油(44.5 g)和盐(6.4 g)的摄入量超标.平均每标准人日营养素摄入量中,蛋白质、B族维生素、维生素E、钠、磷、铁的摄入量达到了推荐摄入量(RNI)要求,碳水化合物和脂肪供能比分别为41.3％和45.0％,比2012年全国平均水平下降了 13.7％和上升12.1％.不同年龄组中,18～64岁人群各种营养素摄入达标比较低,其能量摄入仅1 821.0 kcal.结论2020年长沙市岳麓区居民大豆、坚果、动物性食物和盐摄入状况有所改善,但整体膳食结构不合理和各年龄组营养素摄入分布不均的问题仍然存在,应继续加强"减油减盐"宣教,引导居民增加薯类、蔬果和奶类的摄入量.

ObjectiveTo examine the status quo and influencing factors of nutrition and health knowledge among permanent residents aged 18 – 64 years in Hunan province in 2021. MethodsThe participants of the study were 4 351 permanent residents aged 18 – 64 years in 13 districts/counties of Hunan province. An on-site survey was conducted among the participants using a questionnaire designed for a national surveillance on nutrition and health knowledge in Chinese residents aged 18 – 64 years during April – May 2021. A participant′s awareness on nutrition and health knowledge was assessed according to the total scaled score ( ≥ 75 out of the full score of 100) for the questionnaire′s 20 items on dietary guidelines, food characteristics, nutrition and diseases, food choices, and food safety. Data analysis was performed with SPSS 22.0. ResultsThe mean score of nutrition and health knowledge questionnaire was 62.2 ± 12.4 for the 4 010 participants with eligible responses and 15.0% of the participants were assessed as having the awareness on nutrition and health knowledge. Of the participants, 77.4% reported obtaining nutrition and health knowledge through using mobile applications such as Wechat/MicroBlog/Tiktok/Kuaishou, followed by 53.5% and 43.4% reported obtaining the knowledge from television/radio programs and the communication with family members/relatives/friends. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the participants with following characteristics were more likely to have the awareness on nutrition and health knowledge: being female ( versus male: OR = 1.319, 95%CI: 1.097 – 1.585), living in urban regions (versus living in rural regions: OR = 1.266, 95%CI: 1.044 – 1.536), with the education higher than primary school and below (junior middle school: OR = 2.257, 95%CI: 1.433 – 3.553; senior high school/technical secondary school/technical school education: OR = 3.916, 95%CI: 2.452 – 6.255; junior college/vocational college: OR = 7.859, 95%CI: 4.813 – 12.830; bachelor degree: OR = 11.943, 95%CI = 7.105 – 20.075; master degree or above: OR = 12.813, 95%CI: 3.929 – 41.788), and working in medical institutions (versus in other work units: OR = 1.849, 95%CI: 1.397 – 2.447) . ConclusionThe awareness rate of nutrition and health knowledge needs to be improved and the awareness is mainly influenced by gender, place of residence, education level and work unit among 18 – 64 years old residents in Hunan province.

目的 了解湖南省食源性沙门菌感染的流行病学特征,为沙门菌感染的预防和控制提供科学依据.方法 应用描述流行病学的方法,对湖南省10家食源性疾病监测哨点医院的沙门菌感染病例的流行病学信息和实验室检测结果进行统计分析.结果 2015-2019年共收集到7506例食源性疾病病例和生物标本,沙门菌检出率为9.75％,以鼠伤寒沙门菌为优势血清型(占68.17％),进食场所86.61％为家庭,18岁以下人群沙门菌检出率(占58.41％)较高,随着年龄增加,沙门菌检出率有下降趋势(x2=126.700,P＜0.001);发热、脱水病例的沙门菌检出率高于未发热(x2=309.088,P＜0.001)、未脱水病例(x2=28.291,P＜0.001);食用水果及其制品(x2=19.798,P＜0.001)、婴幼儿食品(x2=14.344,P=0.038)、混合食品(x2 =5.125,P＜0.001)、蔬菜及其制品(x2 =4.316,P＜0.001)、豆及豆制品(x2=11.146,P=0.001)的病例检出率高于未食用病例;不同季度沙门菌检出率存在差异,二、三季度较一、四季度检出率高(x2=88.926,P＜0.001).结论 家庭是湖南省沙门菌感染的主要场所,沙门菌确诊病例的暴露食品主要为乳与乳制品、粮食及其制品、水果及其制品,提示应加强家庭食品安全知识科普宣传,提高防病意识.

Objective:To establish a method for simultaneous detection of the organic selenium and the inorganic selenium in the health foods.Methods: Determines the total selenium conten after oxidation of organic selenium into inorganic selenium in the sample with nitric acid-perchloric acid mixed acid system,simultaneously with the acid extraction the inorganic selenium in the sample,obtains the organic selenium content through the subtraction method.Results:After the recovery experiment and the actual sample examination,the recovery rate was 95.0%~105.6%,RSD 2.5%~4.9%.Conclusion:This method has a wide linear dynamic range,good precision and accuracy,and has a high practicale value.

Objective To improve the national standards method ( GB 14591-2006) to determine water insoluble substance content.Methods The content of water soluble substance was measured firstly in the water purification ,then the content of water insoluble substance was calculated by formula . Results Data from the national standards method (GB 14951-2006) and the improvement method didn’t show significant difference (P0.05),RSD was 0.28%-2.85%. Conclusion The improved method matches the method precision requirement. It is easy to operate,accurate and dependable.

Objecttive: To establish the multiple linear regression(MLR) models for studying on polyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),a sort of refractory organics.Methods:The data set was composed of 90 PAHs compounds,including subsituents with different steric and electronic characteristics.Multiple linear regression was employed to create the models best suited for the analysis of additive property of PAHs.A correlation equation including Polyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) have received more and more concerns as a group of ubiquitous potential persistent organic pollutants(POPs).By using Randic index,multiple linear regression(MLR) models were developed for area(A),volume(V) and(I) of 90 PAHs.Results:The correlation coefficients of Area,Volume,I with 2 Randic index of PAHs were 0.9959,0.9973 and 0.9912,respectively.Their correlation coefficients were larger than 0.99.Conclusion:The Randic topological index has highest structural selectivity,good property relativity and easy calculation.The quantitative structure-property/retention relationship(QSPR/QSAR) models have high relative coefficients and good stability.These models can be used to predict the property/retention of PAHs and the model predictions can hence extend the current database of experimental values.

Objective To establish a universal analysis method for identification of adulteration in sesame oil.Methods The main fatty acid in vegetable oils was determined using GC-MS and qualitative test of oils was done using national standard method.Results The method was simple,quick and accurate for identifying adulteration in sesame oil combining GC-MS and national standard method.Conclusion Combination of GC-MS and national standard method can identify adulteration in sesame oil for qualitative and quantitative analysis.

为建立原子荧光光谱法同时测定化妆品中的砷和汞的方法,采用浸提法对样品进行前处理,方法的检出限分别为砷0.25ng/ml、汞0.05ng/ml,回收率分别为砷90.0%～95.6%,汞89.4%～95.3%。与湿式消化法测定结果比较,其测定结果和回收率、精密度均无显著性差异,且操作简便快捷,省时,省力,工作效率大大提高。

目的 建立原子荧光光谱测定保健食品中硒含量的方法.方法 样品经消解后,用盐酸将六价硒还原成四价硒,以连续流动原子荧光光谱法测定.结果 方法的精密度好,准确度高,抗干扰能力强.结论 本方法适合测定保健食品中的硒.

Objective:To establish a method for detecting total organic carbon in hydrogen peroxide products.Methods:After hydrogen peroxide products were catalyzed by platinum,total organic carbon in it was detected by NDIR.Results:Sample-preparation was simple.The result was accurate and reliable.The detection limit was 0.1 mg/kg.Conclusion:The method is suitable for determination of total organic carbon in hydrogen peroxide products.

目的:建立保健食品中二氢杨梅素的检测方法。方法:藤茶中黄酮类成分以二氢杨梅素含量为最高[1],本文以二氢杨梅素为对照品,采用反相高效液相色谱法(HPLC法)对藤茶类保健食品进行了二氢杨梅素的含量测定。结果:平均回收率为100.6%,RSD=3.11%。结论:该方法简便、可靠、准确,可作为藤茶类保健食品中黄酮类功效成分单体的测定方法。

目的探讨富马酸二甲酯的GC-MS检测方法.方法采用乙酸乙酯提取,中性氧化铝及活性炭净化,气相色谱-质谱分离定性定量.结果线性范围0～0.3 mg/ml,相对标准偏差小于6.7%,回收率88%～108%,样品中最小检出浓度0.02 mg/kg.结论本方法可用于各种食品中富马酸二甲酯残留量的测定.

Objective To provide scientific base for regulatory standards of the limits of healthcare foods additives including the synthetic color,sweet and preservative reagents. Methods We detected the food additives in 172 samples of different kind healthcare foods from the market of Hunan Province using the standard methods provided by Nutrition and Food Safe Research Institute of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention: Synthetic Color,Sweet Reagent and Preservative Standard Operating Program of Health Food. For quality control,controlled samples were examined simultaneously. Results In 57 samples,44 detected synthetic color positive,the positive rate was 71.2%;among them,9 samples had 3 kinds of synthetic color and 30 samples had 2 and 5 samples had 1 kind of synthetic color.In 59 samples,14 samples were sweet matter positive and the positive rate was 23.7%;1 sample had 2 kinds and 13 samples had 1 kind of sweet matter.In 56 samples,49 samples had preservative,the positive rate was 87.5%;3 samples had 2 kinds and 46 samples had 1 kind of preservative.All the detection results of the quality control samples are within the range of less than 1 RSD. Conclusions Offer satisfactory detection result for this investigation and research.We suggest enacting the Hygienic Standard for Healthcare Food Additives in Use.The enacting for synthetic color and other additives should depend on the product types of capsular,liquid and others respectively.There are products of exceeding food structural basic pattern to enact DI and according to the DI convert.Use certain kinds of mixed food additives,each of their use quantity and its Hygienic Standard for Healthcare Food Additives in Use must be summed ≤1.The use of synthetic color indigo or indigo carmine must be clarified and its detection method should be established.

本文对乙酰丙酮法测定食品中甲醛的两种前处理方法进行了比较,结果表明用蒸馏法进行样品前处理时,在蒸馏过程中不同食品的某些化学成分发生改变,产生甲醛而对测定结果有干扰,而采用浸泡提取测定食品中甲醛,有效避免了假阳性的发生,为方法的进一步完善提供一定的检测依据.

目的了解环己基氨基磺酸钠衍生后其衍生产物的状况,建立气相色谱-质谱法测定环己基氨基磺酸钠的方法. 方法采用气相色谱分离,对每种衍生物进行谱图解析. 结果环己基氨基磺酸钠标准谱图中主峰并非衍生主产物环己醇亚硝酸酯. 结论以主峰定量测定环己基氨基磺酸钠,灵敏度高、线性好, 精密度、准确度均优于以环己醇亚硝酸酯峰定量.

A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analytical method for three anorectics drugs, fenfluramine, diethylpropion and mazindol, illegally adulterated in slimming foods has been developed. They can be simultaneously identified and quantified. The samples were extracted with chloroform, and then separated by GC with an HP-5MS GC capillary column. The temperature programming was started at 70 degrees C. The temperature was held at this temperature for 2 min and then increased at 10 degrees C/min to 280 degrees C. The completely separated peaks were identified by MS with a quadrupole mass filter and quantitated in selected ion monitoring mode. Compared with the NIST98 library, the matching qualities of the drugs in foods were all over 90%. The calibration curves of the drugs were excellent with correlation coefficients between 0.9991 and 0.9999, and relative standard deviations between 1.6% and 2.2%. The recoveries were between 96.0% and 102.4%. The results demonstrated that this method is suitable for the identification and quantitation of these anorectics drugs in slimming foods.

目的对原子吸收法测定结果不确定度进行分析讨论,建立其测定结果不确定度的评定方法.方法通过实例,对不同情况下,与此相关的一些问题进行了讨论,介绍原子吸收法测定结果的全过程及其不确定度的分量、标准不确定度、扩展不确定度的计算.结论提出的方法可适用于原子吸收法测定结果不确定度的分量、标准不确定度、扩展不确定度的评定.

为探讨保健食品促进排铅作用动物模型饮水染毒的适宜剂量,给小鼠自由饮用Pb2+浓度为163.9、546.2、1 638.7 mg/L的醋酸铅溶液30 d,每周记录饮用量,周末称重,估算实际铅摄入剂量.实验末取血、肝、脑、肾、股骨,石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定全血和组织铅含量.结果显示, 163.9、546.2、 1 638.7 mg Pb2+/L剂量组小鼠实际铅摄入剂量分别为27.9、 86.6、 169.4 mg/kg BW,546.2、 1 638.7 mg Pb2+/L剂量组小鼠体重增长较对照组显著减少,食物利用率也明显降低;各剂量组小鼠全血、肝、肾、股骨铅及546.2、1 638.7 mg Pb2+/L剂量组小鼠脑铅含量显著升高.建议以 546.2 mg Pb2+/L作为保健食品促进排铅作用饮水染毒的造模剂量;除骨铅外,建议增测肾脏、脑组织内的铅、锌、铜含量及骨骼内的钙含量.

随着社会的进步,科学技术的发展,不确定度从1963年NBS的埃森哈特提出以来,早在1993年ISO、IEC、OIML、BIPM等七个权威国际组织就已正式颁布了<测量不确定度导则>,并要求检测检验机构实验室要报告检测结果的不确定度.