Stockbreeding is an important part of economic development in southwest China. However, the development of stockbreeding is re-stricted by the conflict of land occupation between grain and food and the lack of feed resource. In recent years, with the development of the silage maize, the contradiction has been eased and the problems were solved to some extent. The silage maize can regulate the imbalance be-tween supply and demand of energy maize, and provide high quality feed as well. Farmers were willing to plant silage maize. However, there were many problems in the industrialization of silage maize. We came up with some industrialization problems and solutions of the silage maize combinated with the actual situation in southwest China in order to provide reference for related practitioners.

2012—2014年在西北黄土高原半干旱区甘肃定西（104°36′E,35°35′N）进行大田定位试验,以陇春27号小麦为试材,设全膜覆土穴播充分灌溉（FMSI）、全膜覆土穴播（FMS）、露地穴播（CK）3个处理,测定小麦不同生育时期的土壤含水量、生物量、产量、产量构成因子,计算不同生育阶段耗水量、耗水模系数、耗水强度、水分利用效率等指标,揭示全膜覆土穴播春小麦的耗水特征及其对产量和水分利用的影响。结果表明,2013年和2014年FMSI播种—拔节、拔节—抽穗、抽穗—灌浆、灌浆—成熟4个生育阶段耗水量平均为159.5,115.0,47.7,117.7mm,耗水模系数平均为39.7%,21.5%,13.8%,25.0%,年际间差异不显著,可表征半干旱区全膜覆土穴播春小麦的需水规律。FMS处理0—300cm土层的土壤贮水量在播种期、拔节期、灌浆期均高于CK。在播种—拔节期,FMS在2013年和2014年的耗水强度较CK分别增加了20.0%和5.8%,但灌浆期降低了26.4%和14.1%。2012—2014年FMS的地上生物量在全生育期均显著高于CK,其中成熟期分别增加了95.7%,42.8%和108.7%。FMS的株高、穗长、单株重、穗重、小穗数、穗粒数和千粒重均显著高于CK,使得在耗水量无显著增加的条件下,产量增加了35.4%,58.9%,61.9%;WUE提高了44.6%,54.6%,69.0%。因此,全膜覆土穴播可调节不同降水年型的春小麦耗水进程,使得营养生长期的耗水模系数和耗水强度增加,促进了作物源的建成,在灌浆期耗水量降低的条件下提高产量和WUE。

[Objective] Precipitation is inadequate in add and semiarid areas of Northwest Loess Plateau.Especially,the invalid precipitation,which daily rainfall less than 10 mm,accounts for more than 50％ in winter wheat growth period.Consequently,How to use this part of precipitation sufficiently is a key method to increase the rainfall use efficiency and yield stably of winter wheat in this area.[Method] The winter wheat cultivar Zhongliang was selected as test material,a field experiment was conducted from 2011 to 2015 on Northwest Loess Plateau (104°36′ E,35°35′ N).The designed four treatments were (1) micro ridge-furrow with whole field plastic film mulching and bunching seeding (PRF),(2) whole field soil plastic mulching and bunching seeding (PMS),(3) sand mulching and bunching seeding (SM),and (4) bunching seeding without mulching (CK).The seasonal soil water content in 0-200 cm soil profile,aboveground biomass,yield and its components of winter wheat were recorded;the wheat periodical water consumption in 0-200 cm soil profile,and water use efficiency bad been calculated,to understand the effect of PRF on soil water storage,water consumption characteristics,yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat.[Result] The four-year average soil water storage of PRF at sowing and re-green stages was higher than PMS,SM,CK by 24.3,38.8,7.4 mm and 18.2,26.9,67.8 mm,respectively.PRF averagely increased wheat evapotranspiration from heading to filling stage by 36.0 mm than PMS.As compared with SM and CK,it increased by 12.1 mm and 16.7 mm,40.8 mm and 37.6 mm from turning-green to heading and from filling to maturity,respectively.The abovegrotnd biomass of PRF was higher than PMS by 2.2％-15.4％ at seeding,heading,filling and maturing stages,the significant difference was observed at filling stage in 2011-2012,and at seedling and heading stages in 2014-2015.As compared with CK and SM,the aboveground biomass of PRF was significantly higher at the four growth stages.Spike number,grain number and 1000-grain weight were performed as PRF＞PMS＞SM in four experimental years,the significant difference was not observed among the three treatments,but significantly higher than CK.The yield of PRF was the highest among the four treatments,it reached 4 373.6-4 950.0 kg·hm-2,increased by 2.4％-12.7％ than PMS,and a significant difference was observed in 2012-2013 and 2014-2015.It was significantly higher than SM (except for 2012-2013) and CK (increased by 35.8％-43.8％) in four experimental years.The water use efficiency of PRF increased by 0.4％-12.8％ as compared with PMS,a significant difference was observed except for 2013-2014,it was also significantly higher than SM (except for 2014-2015) and CK (significantly increased by 8.1％-42.1％) in four experimental years.[Conclusion] PRF could use small rainfall (daily rainfall amount ＜10 mm) efficiently,increased soil water storage in 0-200 em profile at sowing and turning-green stages,improved wheat evapotranspiration at filling stage,increased spike number,weight and kilo-grain weight,resulted in the increment of grain yield and water use efficiency.Consequently,the micro ridge-furrow with whole field plastic film mulching and bunching seeding is the better cropping patterns for high yield and efficiency of winter wheat in semiarid areas of Northwest Loess Plateau.