对四川省阿坝州若尔盖县鼠荒地采取"害鼠控制+围栏封育+禁牧+整地施肥+草种补播"的综合治理措施,并于治理前(2017年)和治理后(2018-2020年),采用堵洞开洞法调查高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)有效洞口数量,利用植物群落调查法调查植物群落结构和植物物种多样性,分析治理后高原鼠兔相对种群密度、植物群落结构和植物物种多样性的变化.结果显示:治理后第1年、第2年和第3年,高原鼠兔有效洞口数分别减少了 90.4％、90.6％和64.7％;植物种类分别增加了60.0％、40.0％和35.0％;植被平均高度分别增加了 437.3％、441.0％和442.2％;植被盖度增幅分别为 153.6％、152.0％和140.8％;平均鲜草产量分别达到 15 862.5、15 007.5和 12 547.5 kg/hm2,比治理前分别增加了 272.2％、252.0％和194.3％;丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数和Pielou指数在治理1年后分别增加了 60.0％、26.0％、11.6％和8.9％,治理2年后分别增加了 40.0％、27.6％、13.3％和14.7％,治理3年后分别增加了 35.0％、27.9％、13.6％和16.3％.该综合治理措施有效地提高了试验区植被的高度、盖度和地上生物量,增加了物种丰富度和多样性指,改变了植物群落结构,降低了高原鼠兔种群密度.

四川省川西北高原是全国五大牧区之一,是青藏高原生态屏障区的重要组成部分,也是长江、黄河上游重要的水系发源区域,具有十分重要的战略地位.近年来,随着我国草牧业、旅游业及基础建设的高速发展,加上部分地区对草原资源的过度开发,导致草原退化程度加剧,草原鼠害频发已成为威胁草原生态安全的主要因素之一.本文将针对草原鼠害中的高原鼢鼠危害开展调查,阐述高原鼢鼠在四川的分布、危害现状,总结其防控中存在的问题并提出相应的防控对策,为促进草原生态文明建设提供参考.

采用人工种草为主的技术治理若尔盖县草原鼠荒地120hm2,形成了"生物控鼠+围栏封育+草种补播(燕麦+老芒麦+草地早熟禾+中华羊茅=3 ∶ 1 ∶ 1 ∶ 1)+合理利用"的鼠荒地治理技术模式.结果表明,综合治理2年后,示范区高原鼠兔控制效果达95.2％,植被高度、覆盖度、生物量大幅增加.示范区植被平均高度由7.55cm增加到20.34cm,提高了169.4％;植被覆盖度达76.0％,增加了 61.0％,植被高度、覆盖度第一年均较第二年增幅更大;地上生物量鲜重平均达8 358.2kg/hm2,提高了 4.7倍,禾本科、莎草科、杂类草、豆科和毒害草的生物量构成占比为18.4 ∶ 9.9 ∶ 6.2 ∶ 1.1 ∶ 1.植物群落结构发生明显变化,禾本科增幅最大,其次是莎草科、杂类草、豆科牧草,毒害草有所下降,可食牧草大幅度增加.

四川草原鼠虫害监测预警系统是基于现代农业技术和物联网、大数据和3S等现代信息技术,结合信息化工具,构建形成“天-空-地一体化”数据采集、处理、分析、评估、交汇的业务化平台,可以实现对区域草原生物灾害(鼠、虫)的监、测、防、控、治一体化管理.本文在实践过程中,融合多种数据采集方式、专业模型、危害评价指数,研发出智能化移动应用和预警管理平台,为智慧草原生态管理和草原生物灾害科学防控提供决策支持.

为进一步评价梦龙燕麦的饲草产量,品种丰产性、稳定性、适应性等综合指标,课题组于2015 ～2016年,选用阿坝、青海444和青燕1号3个燕麦品种为对照,分别在阿坝州红原县、甘孜州道孚县、凉山州布拖县共3个试验点进行了梦龙燕麦多年多点的区域试验.结果 表明,各试验点各年内梦龙燕麦鲜草和干草产量均显著高于对照品种,平均鲜草产量和干草产量分别可达38 230.47kg/hm2和11 657.40kg/hm2,鲜草和干草产量比阿坝燕麦分别增产63.57％ ～ 86.53％和51.66％ ～93.62％,比青海444分别增产42.87％ ～57.33％和21.94％ ～ 69.49％,比青燕1号分别增产25.65％ ～ 78.66％和21.17％ ～ 59.14％.各点各年内梦龙燕麦草产量较对照品种具有突出的丰产性和稳定性,综合评价结果为“很好”,在阿坝红原、甘孜道孚和凉山布拖3个区域适应性良好.

币斑病是常见的草坪病害,危害多种草坪草.低修剪草坪,例如高尔夫球场匍匐翦股颖果岭和球道,该病害尤为常见.币斑病明显症状是形成圆形、凹陷、漂白色或稻草色的小斑块,约钱币大小,因此得名币斑病.币斑病严重影响了草坪果岭和球道的观赏和使用价值.本文通过文献查阅综述了币斑病的发病规律、预防方法和控制手段,以期为匍匐翦股颖的优良生长提供参考.

由于暖季型草坪草抗寒性较弱,冬季存在枯黄现象而影响草坪观赏性和草坪质量,从而限制了暖季型草坪草的利用与发展.本文综述了低温胁迫对暖季型草坪草光合作用、生理结构的影响以及如何提高暖季型草坪草抗寒性的措施,同时提出了对于暖季型草坪草抗寒性今后的研究趋势.

本研究以川西高原推广应用的饲油1号饲用油菜为对照,于2015～2016年在阿坝州红原县、若尔盖县和阿坝县开展了饲油36饲用油菜大面积的生产试验.连续2年的生产试验结果表明,饲油36饲草产量均显著高于对照饲油1号品种.饲油36鲜草产量为34 774.44 ～ 38 242.60kg/hm2,比对照增产13.8％～18.6％;干草产量为5 220.27～5 967.26kg/hm2,比对照增产10.7％～ 13.7％.饲油36在大田生产条件下具有较高的饲草生产性能,适宜在川西高原及类似生态区种植.

为进一步评价饲用油菜杂交种饲油36的饲草产量及差异显著性,品种丰产性、稳定性、适应性等综合指标,课题组于2015～ 2016年,选用饲用油菜饲油1号和豆科牧草兰箭3号箭筈豌豆、凉山光叶紫花苕为对照品种,分别在阿坝州红原县、甘孜州道孚县、凉山州布拖县共三个试验点进行了饲油36的区域试验.通过多点多年区域试验表明:饲油36饲草产量较对照表现优良,鲜草和干草产量分别平均为35 395.47kg,/hm2和5 381.84kg/hm2,较对照品种饲油1号、兰箭3号箭筈豌豆、凉山光叶紫花苕分别增产16.1％、61.9％、50.8％和12.2％、20.7％、31.5％,均显著高于对照品种;饲油36鲜草产量和干草产量具有很好的丰产性和一定的稳定性,在阿坝红原、甘孜道孚和凉山布拖均能很好的适应.

Stockbreeding is an important part of economic development in southwest China. However, the development of stockbreeding is re-stricted by the conflict of land occupation between grain and food and the lack of feed resource. In recent years, with the development of the silage maize, the contradiction has been eased and the problems were solved to some extent. The silage maize can regulate the imbalance be-tween supply and demand of energy maize, and provide high quality feed as well. Farmers were willing to plant silage maize. However, there were many problems in the industrialization of silage maize. We came up with some industrialization problems and solutions of the silage maize combinated with the actual situation in southwest China in order to provide reference for related practitioners.

This study aimed to elucidate the effects of yak (Bos grunniens) grazing intensity on aboveground biomass and identify the optimum grazing intensity of alpine meadow in northwest Sichuan area.Three grazing intensities were considered, namely light grazing (0.71 yak·ha-1), moderate grazing (1.19 yak·ha-1), and heavy grazing (1.60 yak·ha-1), which were selected based on the food intake of the yaks and the average annual biomass of the meadow.The grazing experiment lasted for 3 years.The species richness of the plants and the aboveground biomass were determined.The results showed that the species richness tended to decrease as the grazing intensity increased.In the third year of grazing, the annual aboveground biomass of the meadow under moderate grazing was the highest, followed by that of the meadow under light grazing, and that of the meadow under heavy grazing was the lowest.In the third year, compared with the first year, there was a decrease in the proportion of forbs and an increase in that of grass among the annual biomass in the meadows under light and moderate grazing.In contrast, there was no change in the proportion of forbs and a decrease in that of grass in the meadow under heavy grazing.Meanwhile, the proportion of sedge increased in all meadows irrespective of the grazing intensity.In conclusion, moderate grazing (1.19 yak·ha-1) is best due to its beneficial effects on yield and the growth of grass and sedge.

针对川西北高原公路边坡植被恢复过程中,没有适用于高寒环境生态恢复的植物材料和组合的问题,应用生态学实验方法,以适生于川西高原高海拔地区的本地草种—康巴垂穗披碱草、老芒麦为代表进行不同草种组合培植模式实验研究.研究结果初步表明:一年生黑麦草、多年生黑麦草、硬杆仲彬草及康巴垂穗披碱草表现最好,植被盖度相对较高,而紫花苜蓿、早熟禾则不适用于当地高寒生境条件下的公路边坡植被恢复之用.

对川西北高寒草甸色达县色多玛村草地退化现状及造成退化的原因进行了阐述,并根据退化现状及程度提出了相应的治理对策,以期为川西北高寒草甸退化草地的治理提供一些理论支撑.

Soil fertility declined and weeds invasion was the primary reason which led to grassland production and forage quality decreased in alpine.In order to study the effects of fertilizing in different seasons with different levels on the grassland production and forage quality,a fertilizing experiment with completely randomized blocks design was conducted on the alpine grassland with Elymussibiricusas dominant species.The results showed that fertilizing in Spring and Spring+Autumn contributed to increase dry matter production of grassland community and Poaceae,and further restrained weeds growth,especially,fertilizing with 225kg·ha-1 in Spring had most significant effect(P0.05).However,fertilizing in Autumn had no significant effects.Meanwhile,fertilizing in Spring+Autumn and Autumn could maintain higher forage quality on the alpine grassland.Hence,in order to maintain higher production and forage quality,fertilizing with 75kg·ha-1 in Spring+Autumn was optimal.

针对川西北牧区冷季缺草、夏秋季节调制青干草时雨水较多影响饲草料质量等问题,通过含水量、打捆密度及防腐剂筛选试验,对“川草2号”老芒麦青干草捆的可溶性糖含量、粗蛋白、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维、干物质含量进行研究,以优化青干草加工调制技术.试验表明,含水率21％ ～25％的“川草2号”老芒麦青干草捆无论在气味、结构、色泽方面评价都最高,品质较好;含水量21％～25％、打捆密度300 kg/m3、尿素含量2 g/kg时,“川草2号”老芒麦中粗蛋白、可溶性糖含量较高,酸性和中性洗涤纤维含量较稳定,表现出了一定优势,有利于提高草产品的利用率、消化率和适口性,减少饲料的损失浪费,为解决该地区家畜冬春饲草缺乏问题提供参考.

In this paper,the degradation condition of the Ruoergai grassland,Northwest Sichuan Plateau,was stated.It was found the main reasons for causing the degradation of the grassland included toxic weeds,rodents and pests,hardened and impervious soil as well as the desertification.In order to recover the degraded grassland,a series of countermeasures were also put forward by the authors in the paper.

通过采用常规路线调查、求积仪法，对雅安市雨城区老板山北坡草地资源进行了初步调查。结果表明：老板山北坡草地为热性灌草丛类一多年生豆科草组一白三叶型；草地现有面积6．63hm2，可利用草地面积5．97hm2；全年产草量38384kg／hm2，全年可利用牧草量19192kg／hm2；可栽畜39．80个羊单位；为老板山北坡的利用提供基本参考数据。

草种，作为草业发展的基本生产资料，在现代畜牧业的发展以及生态环境保护方面，将发挥越来越重要的作用。我国牧草种子生产起步虽然较晚，但发展很快，尤其是近二十年，我国的牧草种子产业有了较快的发展，随着近些年国家对生态环境保护、环境建设、畜牧业推进和绿化景观的重视，

本试验在四川阿坝州壤塘县进行，以阿坝老芒麦、“川草1号”老芒麦和当地老芒麦为试验材料，对物候期、茎叶比、牧草鲜干重、种子产量进行了测定和比较。结果表明：阿坝老芒麦在适应性、牧草产量、种子产量等生产性能方面都优于“川草1号”老芒麦和当地老芒麦，但与“川草1号”老芒麦比较差异不显著，与当地老芒麦比较差异显著。本试验结果可为几种牧草的种子生产和牧草高产提供依据，从而更好地解决青藏高原地区主要的优势种老芒麦的种子供不应求的现状，更好地为青藏高原的天然草地植被恢复，畜牧业的可持续发展奠定良好基础。