以糯小麦和普通小麦品种(系)为试验材料,研究其若干品质性状间的差别.结果 表明,与供试的普通小麦品种(系)相比较,糯小麦的子粒硬度、容重、吸水率、稳定时间、形成时间和出粉率等品质性状平均值均低于普通小麦,但糯小麦的子粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和沉降值均高于普通小麦.对3个供试的糯小麦比较分析,硬度、沉降值、稳定时间等品质性质差异较大.

为了解黄淮麦区35份小麦种质资源的品质表现并为筛选合适的优质小麦资源提供参考,采用近红外分析仪对35份小麦种质资源的品质性状进行了分析.结果 表明:品种间沉淀值、稳定时间和形成时间的差异较大,而容重、出粉率和吸水率的差异较小.蛋白质含量与湿面筋含量、形成时间、沉降值呈极显著正相关(正相关性最大r=0.97**),容重与稳定时间、出粉率呈极显著正相关;湿面筋与稳定时间、形成时间、沉降值呈极显著正相关;稳定时间与形成时间、沉降值、出粉率呈极显著正相关.安徽、河南、山东、河北和江苏五个省份选育品种在沉降值、稳定时间和形成时间等品质性状上有显著差异.通过对全部品种各项指标进行筛查,综合容重、蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量以及稳定时间等品质因素,皖麦38、安农0419、郑麦366、山农0919、衡6061、扬麦23在本次试验中表现突出.

[目的]以江淮地区麦茬稻田为对象,研究秸秆还田下不同施肥处理对稻田N2O和CH4排放的影响,并结合水稻产量计算不同处理综合温室效应(GWPs)和温室气体强度(GHGI).[方法]试验采用裂区设计,主处理2个水平,为秸秆还田(S)和秸秆移除(NS),副处理4个水平,分别为不施氮肥(CK)、传统施肥(T0)、生物炭与尿素配施(T1)和单施硫酸铵(T2),共计8个处理,采用静态暗箱-GC气相色谱法检测不同处理稻田N2O和CH4排放通量,测定土壤温度、湿度和无机氮含量,统计水稻产量,计算综合温室效应和温室气体强度.[结果]无论是秸秆还田还是移除条件下,除CK外,其他施肥处理的N2O和CH4排放通量都会在基肥和追肥施用后出现峰值.无论秸秆还田与否,与传统施肥处理相比,生物炭与尿素配施和单施硫酸铵处理均能显著降低NzO和CH4累积排放通量.在秸秆还田和移除条件下,与传统施肥处理相比,生物炭与尿素配施处理均会导致水稻产量显著降低,但会提高土壤NO3-含量,增加对周围水体污染的风险.在秸秆移除和还田条件下,与传统施肥处理相比,单施硫酸铵均能显著增加水稻产量,增幅分别为12.27％和7.78％.与秸秆移除相比,秸秆还田条件下单施硫酸铵会显著促进N2O排放,但显著降低CH4的排放以及综合温室效应和温室气体强度.[结论]在目前秸秆还田造成CH4排放增加的背景下,用硫酸铵替代尿素能显著降低CH4排放,并提高水稻产量,降低综合温室效应,施用效果最佳.

研究营养成分(碳源和氮源)、初始pH、温度、转速、装液量和接种量等因子对棘孢木霉菌株Tr148c在液体发酵过程中分生孢子产量的影响.首先采用马铃薯液体培养基(PDB)对以上各单因子进行测试,并在此实验基础上进一步采用3水平4因子的正交试验,对碳源、氮源、装液量和转数等因子进行优化测试.结果表明,综合因子优化配方和发酵条件为:当培养时间144 h时,甘露醇(30 g·L-1)、酵母粉(1 g·L-1)、初始pH为6、温度30℃、转速200 r·min-1、装液量150mL/500mL、接种量4％(v/v),产分生孢子量可达到2×108个·mL-1.

The degradation dynamics of difenoconazole in soils of four areas of Beijing,Xiaoxian,Hangzhou and Changsha were studied respectively,and the effect of soil microorganism,temperature,water-holding content and fortified concentration on degradation of difenoconazole were also investigated.The result showed that the half-life of difenoconazole is 11.63～21.77 d in soils of four areas.Data also showed that difenoconazole in sterilized soil is 6.09 times of that in non-sterilized soil,indicating the microorganism is a dominant factor afecting degradation of difenoconazole in soil.In range of l5℃～40℃,difenoconazole degrades rapidly with the temperature of soil,especially from l5℃ to 25℃,the degradation is accelerated significantly.It is not optimal for difenoconazole to degrade in too high(150%) or too low(25%)soil moisture.But the degradation rate will decrease when the fortified concentration goes up.

A field experiment was conducted to reveal residue dynamics of difenoconazole 10 % WG in citrus and soil.The result showed that difenoconazole degraded rapidly in the citrus,but lowly in the soil relatively.The half-life of difenoconazole in the peel was 7.95-12.65 d,in the pulp 8.16-12.16 d,in the whole fruit 8.88-12.24 d,and in the soil was 12.33-17.95 d.Results of the two-year experiment shows when the citrus was sprayed 3 to 4 times with 1000 and 2000 mg/kg,difenoconazole 10 % WG,and the last application was done 21d before harvesting,the residue of difenoconazole in the harvested citrus was lower than 0.5 mg/kg,demonstrating that it is safe to apply difenoconazole to citrus with the recommended rate.

A field experiment was conducted to reveal residue and degradation of triadimenol in wheat and soil.The result showed that triadimenol degraded rapidly in the wheat seedling,but lowly in the soil relatively.The half-life of triadimenol in the former was 3.82～6.02 d and in the latter was 17.17～24.92 d.Results of the two-year experiment showed when the wheat was sprayed 2 to 3 times with triadimenol 15% WP in the dosage of 900 g·hm-2 and 1800 g·hm-2,and the last application was done 21 days before harvesting,the residue of triadimenol in the grain of harvested wheat was lower than 0.2 mg·kg-1 and in the straw was lower than 5.0 mg·kg-1.The tested results demonstrated that it is safe to apply triadimenol to wheat with the recommended rate.

A field experiment was conducted to reveal residue dynamics of difenoconazole 10% WG in pear and soil. The result shows that difenoconazole degraded rapidly in the pear, but lowly in the soil relatively. The half-life of difenoconazole in the former was 5.66-7.27 d and in the latter was 10.01-19.69 d. Results of the two-year experiment shows when the pear was sprayed 3 to 4 times with 167 and 334 mg/kg, difenoconazole 10% WG, and the last application was done 14 d before harvesting, the residue of difenoconazole in the harvested pear was lower than 0.2 mg/kg, demonstrating that it is safe to apply difenoconazole to pear with the recommended rate.