基于分子和形态学证据,野海棠属Bredia Blume被重新界定,鸭脚茶属Tashiroea Matsum.ex T.Itô et Matsum.被恢复.本文结合文献研究和野外补充调查,对浙江产野海棠属和鸭脚茶属植物进行了分类修订,编制了鸭脚茶属分种检索表,同时报道了鸭脚茶属一个新变种——瑞安鸭脚茶Tashiroea amoena(Diels)R.C.Zhou et Ying Liu var.ruianensis M.Z.Lin,W.Y.Xie et Z.H.Chen和一个浙江分布新记录种——长柔毛鸭脚茶Tashiroea villosa X.X.Su.

报道了浙江产兰科Orchidaceae植物3个地理分布新记录,其中齿突羊耳蒜Liparis rostrata Rchb.f.属于华东分布新记录,乐东石豆兰Bulbophyllum ledungense T.Tang et F.T.Wang、密花石豆兰B.odoratissimum(J.E.Smith)Lindl.属于浙江分布新记录;描述了3个种的主要形态特征,指出了其与相近分类群的区别;确认了福建羊耳蒜Liparis dunnii Rolfe和伞花石豆兰Bulbophyllum shweliense W.W.Smith在浙江有分布的历史记录,分别是齿突羊耳蒜和乐东石豆兰的误定.比较研究了黄山舌唇兰Platanthera whangshanensis(S.S.Chien)Efimov与华南舌唇兰P.australis L.Wu,X.L.Yu,H.Z.Tian et J.L.Luo、筒距舌唇兰P.tipuloides(L.f.)Lindl.的形态特征,确认华南舌唇兰应作为黄山舌唇兰的异名;确认筒距舌唇兰在我国南方有分布的历史记录,系黄山舌唇兰之误定.凭证标本藏于浙江自然博物院(ZM).

对41个闽楠(Phoebe bournei)家系1年生苗木的生长节律进行观测并综合评价,结果表明7-9月为苗高的旺盛生长期,大部分家系苗高生长速率在8月最大,苗高生长量最大值为41.75±6.56 cm,且各家系间差异较大.地径旺盛生长季则出现在10-11月,大部分家系生长峰值出现在10月,地径生长量最大值为4.12士0.51 mm,各家系间差异较小.对不同闽楠家系苗高和地径综合评价和排序,表现最优的家系为13号,其苗高比参试家系平均苗高(30.46cm)高37.06％,比平均地径(3.77 mm)高4.48％.按10％的入选率,筛选出13号、12号、15号、10号、14号等5个家系为优良家系.

采取完全随机区组设计,开展了长序榆播种和1年生茎干扦插繁殖试验.统计了播种试验不同基质发芽率和扦插试验的插穗愈伤组织诱导率、腐烂率、生根率、总根数及最长不定根长度等生理指标.试验结果表明:①覆土厚度和播种基质显著影响种子发芽率,覆盖2 mm厚度的园土发芽率最高,发芽率达80％以上,播种基质为园土的显著高于河沙和泥炭+珍珠岩基质(P＜0.05);②覆膜和生根剂是影响插穗褐变及生根率的主要因素,覆膜下的生根率显著高于不覆膜处理(P＜0.05);200×10-6浓度萘乙酸(NAA)处理和泥炭+珍珠岩基质的扦插生根率最高,生根率达80％以上.③一年生扦插苗株高、地径和全株生物量显著高于一年生实生苗,各器官生物量没有差异.长序榆具有发芽率高及易生根的特点,扦插苗生长速率稍高于实生苗.

[Objective]We established a landscape evaluation model to determine which landscape factors had the greatest influence on the beauty degree.Based on the evaluation model, we determined the optimal color composition pattern.[Method]Based on the landscape of the autumn forest in southwest Zhejiang Province, the scenic beauty estimation method (SBE) was used to evaluate the beauty of mountain forest facies, and we decomposed the elements, calculated the color contrast, standardized the data, and established a landscape evaluation model.On the basis of the above model, the optimal color composition pattern could be obtained mathematically according to the relationship among the color components.[Result]The calculation of the independent variables showed that the partial correlation coefficients of the five landscape factors, hue contrast ratio, green proportion, yellow proportion, red proportion, and canopy density, relatively affected the beauty degree.We decided to use the five landscape factors of 25 categories to establish a landscape evaluation model.The landscape evaluation model was:YSBE=-0.548-0.062x7b+0.302x7c+1.176x7d-0.149x8b+0.640x8d+0.885x8e+0.060x9b+0.274x9c+0.311x9d+0.837x9e+0.170x11b+0.237x11c+0.182x11d+1.554x11e-0.637x17b+0.066x17c-0.578x17d-0.492x17e, and the results showed that the evaluation model had a high degree of reliability.The red proportion had the highest percentage of contribution to the largest score, reaching 30.0％.Thus, the red proportion had the largest contribution rate to the model, and hue contrast ratio, green proportion, yellow proportion, and canopy density had a contribution rate that decreased in turn.When the hue contrast ratio was between 72 and 144, the hue contrast ratio was proportional to the SBE.The yellow proportion and red proportion were basically proportional to the SBE.Canopy density was proportional to the SBE value only when canopy density was between 70％-80％.The integrated green proportion, yellow proportion, red proportion, and hue contrast ratio, from the perspective of the color of the visual experience, built the relationship;while we used the enumeration method to determine that green accounted for 50％-60％, yellow accounted for 0-10％, and red accounted for 30％-40％for the mountain landscape in the optimal color composition model.[Conclusion]The color has a significant influence on the beauty degree, and there were five landscape factors, including the hue contrast ratio, green proportion, yellow proportion, red proportion, and canopy density those had a high correlation with the mountain scenery in the autumn.We obtained a linear evaluation model with high degree of credibility.The green proportion was basically proportional to the SBE value when green accounted for more than 60％.The proportion of yellow and red were basically proportional to the SBE value.The best hue contrast ratio was between 36 to 72.The best canopy density was between 70％to 80％.When integrating the green proportion, yellow proportion, red proportion, and hue contrast ratio, the optimal color composition model occurred when the green components accounted for 50％-60％, yellow component accounted for 0-10％, and red component accounted for 30％-40％in the southwest of the Zhejiang mountain forest from the point of view of the color of the visual experience.Finally, according to the research results, the paper puts forward a management strategy and method of forest facies transformation.

报道了采自浙江省丽水市的4种分布新记录种子植物,其中景天科Crassulaceae的红子佛甲草Sedum erythrospermum Hayata属于中国大陆分布新记录;菊科Asteraceae的羽叶风毛菊Saussurea maximowiczii Herd.属于华东分布新记录;芸香科Rutaceae的梗花椒Zanthoxylum stipitatum C.C.Huang和菝葜科Smilacaceae的武当菝葜Smilax outanscianensis Pamp.属于浙江分布新记录.

为了解采伐林窗对2种人工林更新效果的影响,在浙江省丽水市白云山选择生境条件基本一致的马尾松林和杉木林,以林下为对照,比较了通过采伐获得的不同大小林窗(50～500 m2)内人工和天然更新植物效果.结果 表明:(1)10个人工更新树种在杉木林中生长优于马尾松林,马尾松林中枫香、无患子、山乌桕和细柄蕈树生长情况好于其他树种,杉木林中枫香、山乌桕、南方红豆杉、无患子和细柄蕈树生长情况好于其他树种.(2)林分类型显著影响南方红豆杉生长,特别是对树高的影响极为显著(P＜0.01),林窗大小对木荷地径和树高均有显著影响(P＜0.05),林分和林窗的交互作用对除朴树、闽楠和浙江楠外的其他树种均有显著影响.(3)不同大小林窗下天然更新植物物种数、Simpson生态优势度、Shannon多样性指数存在显著差异(P＜0.05),林分类型对物种数和Shannon多样性指数具有显著影响(P＜0.05),但对Simpson生态优势度没有影响.2种林分林窗间天然更新植物相似度介于0.4～0.9之间,同一林分林窗间物种相似度均大于林窗与对照之间.马尾松林阔叶化改造可采伐中等林窗(250m2),目标更新树种可选枫香、无患子、细柄蕈树和木荷;杉木林以大(500 m2)或小林窗(50 m2)为主,可选树种有枫香、南方红豆杉、山乌桕、无患子和细柄蕈树.

景宁玉兰是萌生能力很强的灌木树种,为了解不同生境下景宁玉兰萌枝形态及其生殖特征,选择了灌丛(SH)、黄山松林(PTF)、落叶阔叶林(DBF)、杉木林(CLF)和林缘(FE)等5种坡向一致的生境类型,通过典型样地调查,比较分析了5种不同生境下景宁玉兰萌枝数量、大小、高度、枝系、开花及结实等性状.结果表明:(1)景宁玉兰在黄山松林下的分布密度最高,但5种生境下景宁玉兰每丛的萌枝数量没有差异,每丛最大萌枝基径对每丛萌枝数有一定影响,但最大萌枝高度与每丛萌枝数没有关系.在所有调查的景宁玉兰居群中,大于2根以上萌枝的灌丛达82.5％,说明萌生更新在种群繁衍中发挥着重要作用.(2)在落叶阔叶林下的萌枝基径显著小于其他生境(P＜0.05),黄山松林下一级枝粗度和长度显著小于其他生境(P＜0.05);灌丛中的总分枝率和逐步分枝率最高,灌丛和林缘生境的逐步分枝率(SBR2∶3)高于其他生境.(3)生殖萌枝基径(r=0.320,P＜0.05)和高度(r=0.349,P＜0.05)与花量均呈显著正相关关系.杉木林下景宁玉兰生殖萌枝的花量显著高于黄山松林、落叶阔叶林和林缘生境(P＜0.05).虽然黄山松林下景宁玉兰萌枝开花率及开花萌枝比例最低,但其果实大小、单果种子粒数及每丛结实率却较高(P＜0.05).(4)景宁玉兰对环境变化极为敏感,生境类型和海拔对萌枝形态和生殖性状均有一定影响.研究表明,景宁玉兰萌生特征主要受其内在生物学特性所控制,而萌枝形态及生殖特征则与其所处环境条件更为密切.

为了解景宁玉兰萌条发育特点,选择了灌丛(SH)、黄山松林(PTF)、落叶阔叶林(DBF)、杉木林(CLF)和林缘(FE)等5种坡向一致的生境类型,通过样地调查,比较了5种不同生境上景宁玉兰萌条大小、高度及枝系等性状.结果表明:(1)景宁玉兰在黄山松林下的分布密度最高,但5种生境上的景宁玉兰每丛的萌条数量没有差异,每丛最大萌条高度与每丛萌条数没有关系.(2)在落叶阔叶林下的萌枝基径显著小于其他生境(P<0.05),黄山松林下一级枝粗度和长度显著小于其他生境(P<0.05);灌丛中的总分枝率和逐步分枝率最高,灌丛和林缘生境的逐步分枝率(SBR2:3)高于其他生境.(3)在所调查的景宁木兰居群中,大于2根以上萌条的植株达82.5％,说明萌条更新在种群繁衍中发挥着重要作用.本研究表明,景宁玉兰萌生性特征主要受其内在生物学特性所控制,而萌条形态则明显受到所处环境条件的影响.

Four naturalized aquatic plant species,i.e.Sagittaria platyphylla (Engelm.)J.G.Sm.,Echinodorus cordifolius (Linn.)Griseb.,Elodea nuttallii (Planch.)H.St.John,and Paspalum conjugatum P.J.Berg.and one native aquatic plant species,i.e.Najas oguraensis Miki were reported as five newly recorded species of Zhejiang Province.Elodea Michaux and Echinodorus Rich.et Engelm.ex A.Gray are new recorded genus in Zhejiang.

Four species of Orchidaceae are newly reported from Zhejiang,viz.Bulbophyllum hirundinis(Gagnep.) Seidenf.,Gastrochilus japonicus(Makino)Schltr.,Liparis dunnii Rolfe and Thrixspermum saruwatarii(Hayata) Schltr..The morphological characters and distribution characteristics are described as well.Thrixspermum is a new recorded genus in Zhejiang Province.

This paper reports a newly recorded genus and species of Orobanchaceae from East China, Christisonia Gardn., C.scortechinii Prain.Basing on the comparison of the collected data, the scientific name is C.scortechinii in China but not C.hookeri.The main difference is that the stigma of C.scortechinii is peltate, but not 2-lobed in C.hookeri.

本研究对2014年引进的33个杜鹃品种开展适应性栽培研究,采用专家咨询和打分的方法,综合冠层疏密度、苗木存活率、开花情况、苗木生长量等指标,得出衡量植物适应性的主要因素及其权重,各指标的重要性排序为冠层疏密度(0.28)>生长量(0.27)>存活率(0.26)>花量(0.19).根据杜鹃品种栽培适应性综合评价结果可以发现,国内选育的品种更能适应丽水的环境条件.'红阳''白香玉''天章'等品种下一步可在丽水地区园林中推广应用.

One subspecies, one form and two new recodes of Lamiaceae forme Zhejiang are reported, i.e.Salvia nipponica subsp.zhejiangensis, Salvia bowleyana f.alba, Scutellaria inghokensi and Salvia baimaensis.The Salvia nipponica subsp.zhejiangensis's line drawing is obtained.Namely, and it differs from S.nipponica Miq.and S.nipponica var.formosana (Hayata) Kudo in the corolla throat extremely apophysis, densely covered with purple big spots on lips, corolla tube with dense and pilose hairs from base 5 mm to throat,and does not have ring of hairs, its connective length is 10-14 mm.

根据野外调查和分类鉴定结果,报道丽水九龙国家湿地公园外来入侵植物18科35属45种,其中菊科(10种)为优势科,占总数的22.22%.入侵植物均为草本植物,以1年生或2年生草本为主,共有37种,其中大部分(29种)原产于美洲.入侵植物中不少种为高危类群,对九龙湿地公园的生态安全造成了威胁.本文基于对九龙湿地公园入侵植物的特点、危害及入侵途径的简要分析,提出九龙湿地公园入侵植物的初步防治对策.

通过对杉木和黄山松采伐迹地的更新造林试验调查,分析光皮桦在不同采伐迹地及其不同坡向的生长表现与土壤理化性质.光皮桦在杉木迹地的生长量及生物量皆明显高于黄山松迹地,坡向之间无差异;不同采伐迹地及不同坡向试验林地土壤理化性质均无差异.

Investigations were conducted on growth, understory vegetation, fuel load and soil moisture content under fire belt ofSchima superba and Cunninghamia lanceolataplantation. The result demonstrated that mean dried weight of 1-hour and 10-hours timelag fuel in fire belt was 377g/m2 and 591g/m2, while that in C. lanceolataplantation was 541 g/m2 and 810 g/m2, indicating better fire-resistance of fire belt. The result also showed that the growth and fire prevention of fire belt decreased gradually with the increase of altitude. The mean soil water content of fire belt was around 1.4 time of that ofC. lanceolata plantation. Soil water content of fire belt decreased with the increase of altitude.

The contents condition of soil nutrient elements in new plantations of Camellia oleifera were investigated, the results showed that there has big differences during every individual indicators except soil pH value. In macronutrients, the total content indicators of phosphorus have largest variation; In micronutrients, the content indicators of whole calcium have lowest variation, effective Mg has maximum variation. The soil fertility in new plantations of C. oleifera was at low level, lack of most fertility indicators, seriously lack of individual indicators. In which the whole Mn, Fe, Cu and other micronutrients were at a low level, organic fertilizer or micronutrients should be matched with compound fertilizer as supplements.

Stem segments with axillary bud ofSyzygium grijsii were selected from plus one for in-vitro culture. The result showed that bud induction rate reached 80% on the WPM + 0.1mg/L of NAA+0.4mg/L of BA. And rooting rate topped 75% on 1/2 WPM + 0.2mg/L of IBA. The survival rate of transplantation was above 80%.

11 5-year-old high-yield CHANGLING clones of Camellia oleifera’s new species were selected for afforestation experiment.The results showed that the information about the"CHANGLIN"clones performed different in the situation among the sprouting,the survive rate,the situation of nuts and production.From them,the NO.55 clone was the first sprout out than all others.But easily affected by freeze,and affected on the production.The other species performed almost the same and the average survival rate was nearly 89%,the differences between various species were obscure.In the field of nut characters,different species have noticeable differences among the single net weigh of nuts,the height and the radius of nut,the thickness of shell,the number and the weight of shell.The average yield of a single plant was between 1.14～1.80 kg,compared with that of the low production plate before,the production has improved by 57.9%～150.2%.