Populus hopeiensis, a significant afforestation species, faces substantial growth constraints due to cold stress. The IPT gene, a pivotal rate-limiting enzyme in cytokinin synthesis, plays a crucial role in controlling plant reactions to both biotic and abiotic pressures. In this study, we isolated the PhIPT5 gene from Populus hopeiensis and analyzed its biological characteristics and cold tolerance with the aim of providing guidance for the production of cold-resistant poplars. The coding sequence (CDS) of the PhIPT5 gene spans 981 bp, encoding 333 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 37.07 kDa. The PhIPT5 protein has alkaline stability and hydrophilicity. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Populus hopeiensis IPT5 is closely related to Populus alba. Subcellular localization studies revealed the chloroplastic localization of PhIPT5. We constructed an overexpression vector for PhIPT5 and transformed it into Populus hopeiensis, resulting in improved cold tolerance in transgenic seedlings. Analysis of cytokinin metabolites revealed significantly greater levels in leaves harboring the PhIPT5 gene than in those harboring the CK gene even after exposure to cold. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the PhIPT5 gene primarily regulates the isoamyl pyrophosphate cytokinin metabolism pathway, leading to the synthesis of tZ, iP, and DZ cytokinins. Our isolation of PhIPT5 from Populus hopeiensis demonstrated that its overexpression enhances resistance to cold stress in transgenic plants. This work provides a foundation for further elucidating the function of IPT genes and has significant implications for advancing research on enhancing cold tolerance in Populus hopeiensis.

The natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins (NRAMPs) gene family represents a group of membrane transporter proteins with wide distribution in plants. This family of membrane transporters plays a pivotal role in mediating plant responses to metal stress by coordinating ion transport processes and maintaining cellular metal homeostasis, thereby effectively mitigating the detrimental effects of metal ion stress on plant growth and development. This study conducted a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the NRAMP gene family in A. tauschii using integrated bioinformatics approaches, as well as the expression pattern when exposed to heavy metal-induced stress. By means of phylogenetic investigation, eleven AetNRAMP proteins were categorized into five distinct subgroups. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that the majority of NRAMP genes exhibited marked differential expression patterns under specific stress treatments. Subsequently, yeast cells were employed to validate the functions of AetNRAMP1 and AetNRAMP3. It was confirmed that AetNRAMP1 functioned in copper transport, and AetNRAMP3 showed an increase in its expression level under manganese stress. These findings establish a molecular foundation for elucidating the functional specialization of NRAMP gene family members in A. tauschii’s heavy metal detoxification pathways, providing critical genetic evidence for their stress-responsive regulatory networks. Nevertheless, significant knowledge gaps persist regarding its functions in A. tauschii. Research on metal stress resistance in this wheat progenitor species may establish a theoretical foundation for enhancing wheat tolerance and developing improved cultivars.

Heavy metal pollution in agricultural soil poses a significant threat to food security and the health of the ecosystem. This study investigated the allelopathic effects of Aegilops tauschii, a common weed found in wheat fields, on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. ‘Zhengmai 132’) under lead (Pb) contamination. A completely randomized factorial design was used, employing a Petri dish filter paper bioassay with three concentrations of A. tauschii stem-and-leaf extract (0, 25 and 50 g/L) and three Pb levels (20, 80 and 160 mg/L), with five replicates per treatment combination. Low and high concentrations of A. tauschii extract, as well as low Pb levels, had little effect on wheat germination or seedling growth when applied alone. In contrast, medium and high Pb concentrations significantly inhibited these parameters in a dose-dependent manner. Combining the extract with Pb resulted in quantitative analysis using Colby’s method confirmed a significant synergistic inhibition, causing pronounced suppression of germination and early growth (P< 0.05). Physiological and biochemical analyses revealed a strong, synergistic oxidative stress response when the extract of A. tauschii interacted with Pb. Although antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD and CAT) were activated in an attempt to counteract the oxidative stress, this increase was insufficient to prevent cellular damage. Consequently, the oxidative burst intensified, resulting in membrane injury and a 38.95% increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) under the SCHPbH treatment. The interaction also disrupted hormonal homeostasis, decreasing the levels of the growth-promoting hormones gibberellin (GA3), indole-acetic acid (IAA) and zeatin riboside (ZR), while increasing abscisic acid (ABA). Under the strongest combined treatment (SCHPbH), GA3 decreased by 37.7%, and ABA increased by 40.6%, leading to a 74.6% reduction in the GA3/ABA ratio (P < 0.05). These alterations to growth-promoting and -inhibiting signals significantly lowered the GA3/ABA and IAA/ABA ratios. In summary, Pb contamination greatly increases the allelopathic effect of A. tauschii on wheat. The strongest combined treatment inhibited germination and growth by around 48%, indicating severe physiological disruption. These results emphasise the significant threat that this interaction poses to the stability of agroecosystems.

To explore the effects of cellulose and lignin on stimulating vegetation restoration and improving soil chemical properties in saline-alkali soil, a large area test was carried out, and 2 treatments were set up: T (cellulose and lignin+ Planted seeds) and CK (Planted seeds). In this study, the species, quantity, plant height, above-ground biomass, biodiversity of vegetation in the treated plots, the determination of soil chemical nutrient content, and the effect of cellulose and lignin on vegetation restoration in saline-alkali land were investigated. The results showed that: 1) Cellulose and lignin contributed to vegetation growth. Compared with CK treatment, plant height and aboveground biomass of T increased by 158.73% and 240.13%, respectively; 2) Cellulose and lignin improved soil structure, and soil porosity, and decreased soil compaction (21.95%); 3) Compared with CK treatment, T treatment decreased soil pH by 0.5 units, total salt content decreased by 30.95%, exchangeable Na+ decreased by 63.00%, and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) decreased by 61.51%. Furthermore, cellulose and lignin effectively improved the physical and chemical properties of saline-alkali soil, promoted the recovery of ecological environment in saline-alkali soil, and improved regional biodiversity, which will provide new methods for soil remediation and improvement in saline-alkali areas.

Aegilops tauschii Coss., an invasive weed, has a detrimental impact on the winter wheat cultivation areas of China. Understanding how drought influences competitive ability of A. tauschii can help identify traits related to its invasiveness and guide management. Slight, moderate, and severe soil drought stress conditions were established using potted weighing and water control methods. Concurrently, the de Wit replacement experiment was conducted to assess changes in morphological structure, biomass allocation, and physiological characteristics under varying intensities of soil drought stress. Based on observations of alterations in plant height, total leaf area, and total biomass, two-factor variance analysis revealed that soil drought inhibited the growth and development of both A. tauschii and Triticum aestivum L. (‘Xinmai 32’). Furthermore, one-factor variance analysis revealed that A. tauschii and wheat responded to soil drought stress by increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and proline content. However, as drought severity escalated, chlorophyll content in A. tauschii and wheat declined significantly, while relative electrical conductivity (REC) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) content increased markedly. The results of the fuzzy membership function indicated that A. tauschii exhibited greater drought tolerance compared to the tested wheat variety. Lastly, considering adjustments in the corrected index of relative competition intensity (CRCI), it was observed that soil drought amplified the competitive inhibition of A. tauschii on wheat. In short, A. tauschii was more tolerant of the soil drought stress than wheat through the favorable adjustment of morphology, biomass allocation pattern and physiological features, and soil drought intensified its competitive inhibition on wheat.

Streptomyces rochei is a species of Streptomyces with a diverse range of biological activities. Streptomyces rochei strain A144 was isolated from desert soils and exhibits antagonistic activity against several plant pathogenic fungi. The genome of S. rochei A144 was sequenced and revealed the presence of one linear chromosome and one plasmid. The chromosome length was found to be 8 085 429 bp, with a GC content of 72.62%, while the Plas1 length was 177 399 bp, with a GC content (proportion of guanine and cytosine in DNA sequences) of 69.08%. Comparative genomics was employed to analyse the S. rochei group. There is a high degree of collinearity between the genomes of S. rochei strains. Based on pan-genome analysis, S. rochei has 10 315 gene families, including 4051 core and 2322 unique genes. AntiSMASH was used to identify the gene clusters for secondary metabolites, identifying 33 secondary metabolite genes on the A144 genome. Among them, 18 clusters were found to be >70% identical to known biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), indicating that A144 has the potential to synthesize secondary metabolites. The majority of the BGCs were found to be conserved within the S. rochei group, including those encoding polyketide synthases, terpenes, non-ribosomal peptide synthetases, other ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides, nicotianamine-iron transporters, lanthipeptides, and a few other types. The S. rochei group can be a potential genetic source of useful secondary metabolites with applications in medicine and biotechnology.

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) grassland is prone to degradation following multi-year maintenance. Yet, its mechanism regarding the stoichiometry of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) across plant-soil system is still unclear. To address this issue, the method of space-for-time sampling was employed to investigate alfalfa grasslands with five planting years (5-, 8-, 10-, 15-, and 20-year periods) in the semiarid Loess Plateau. The results showed that the alfalfa above- and underground biomass decreased steadily decrease after the fifth to eighth years, showing a degradation tendency with the extension of planting duration. The mean weight diameter of aggregate registered an increase with planting years. However, the C and N stocks decreased with planting years in five soil aggregate fractions. Specifically, they were the highest in the fifth year and then started to gradually decrease along the 8th, 10th, 15th, and 20th year. Redundancy and correlation analysis confirmed that the C and N stocks of soil aggregates were closely positively associated with those of plant. Overall, the highest stability of soil physical structure was found during the period from the fifth to eighth year, and, afterward, the stability declined. In conclusion, alfalfa plantation improved soil structure stability but aggravated soil C and N stocks, and biomass and soil aggregate indicators accounted for alfalfa field degradation after a certain year of plantation.

Heavy metal pollution causes severe abiotic stress in cereal crops around the world. This study investigated the effects of different concentrations (0, 100, 200, and 300 mgkg(-1)) of nickel, lead, and copper stress on the growth and biochemical responses of Aegilops tauschii seedlings, to provide a reference for research on the mechanism of invasion and screening potential sources of wheat tolerance genes. The results showed that nickel, lead, and copper stress caused a significant decrease in the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and chlorophyll (a + b) in A. tauschii, thereby inhibiting photosynthesis to different degrees and hindering seedling growth, which was reflected in significant reductions in plant height and root length, with the most notable effect observed under stress by 300 mgkg(-1) lead. As the concentration of heavy metals increased, the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, and APX), non-enzymatic antioxidants (GSH and AsA), and the contents of osmotic regulatory substances (proline and soluble proteins) in A. tauschii significantly increased. Additionally, heavy metal stress increased H2O2 and TBARS levels. However, when the nickel, lead, and copper concentrations reached 300 mgkg(-1), no significant differences were found in H2O2 or TBARS levels compared to those in the CK group. To summarize, A. tauschii can mitigate the accumulation of ROS and membrane lipid peroxidation caused by heavy metal stress through self-regulation, thus exhibiting a certain degree of tolerance to stress caused by different concentrations of nickel, lead, and copper. Finally, the evaluation using the membership function method revealed that among the three heavy metals, A. tauschii exhibited the strongest adaptation to Cu, followed by Ni and Pb.

Weigela Thunb. is a genus in the family Caprifoliaceae. All species in this genus have high ornamental and medicinal value. However, the genetic divergence between species and the phylogeny within Weigela is still unclear. Therefore, we sequenced and analyzed four plastomes from four different Weigela species to reveal the genetic divergence among species of this genus, and the phylogeny within Weigela. The four plastomes from Weigela ranged from 156,909 bp to 157,739 bp in size, and presented a typical circular quadripartite structure. Each complete plastome contained a pair of inverted repeat regions (23,592~24,957 bp), a larger single-copy (LSC) region (89,922~90,229 bp), and a small single-copy (SSC) region (17,668~20,429 bp). We identified three types of repeats, corresponding to 268 forward repeats, 128 palindromic repeats, and 867 tandem repeats, for a total of 1,263 long repeats. A total of 352 SSRs were identified from the four plastomes, and most of them were concentrated in the LSC region and the noncoding regions. Mononucleotide repeat units were the most frequently detected types of repeats, of which A/T repeat units were the most abundant. Three mutational hotspots (trnH-psbA, trnR-ndhF, and trnN-ndhF) were identified as candidate barcodes for Weigela species. Weigela belongs to Diervilloideae located at an early diverging position in the Caprifoliaceae. Within Weigela, W. japonica and W. floribunda were sister with W. subsessilis and W. florida. This study revealed the plastome structure and variation of four well-known Weigela species, and found three candidate barcodes for further study of four well-known Weigela species. In addition, the phylogenetic location of Weigela within the Caprifoliaceae was identified.

The interaction between plants and soil is an important aspect that affects the invasive ability of foreign plants and the invasiveness of ecosystems. The study on plant soil feedback of A. tauschii can provide reference for its invasion mechanism. Firstly, the effects of A. tauschii on the nutrients and enzyme activities of invaded soil were investigated; Secondly, in conjunction with soil sterilization, pot experiments were conducted using the De Wit substitution method to investigate the impact of different degree invasive soils on the development of A. tauschii and its interaction with wheat. The results showed that the invasion of A. tauschii significantly increased soil organic matter, soluble phosphorus and soluble potassium, while also causing a significant decrease in the concentration of nitrate nitrogen. And according to the changes of morphological and biomass indicators of A. tauschii, the results of two-way ANOVAs showed that the invaded soil and its microbiota have a positive feedback effect on the growth of A. tauschii. Finally, it can be seen from the value of the competition balance index, the competition ability of A. tauschii in different invasion degree soil is greater than that of wheat whether the soil invaded by A. tauschii had undergone sterilization treatment or not. In conclusion, the invasion potential of A. tauschii is not only derived from its strong competitiveness, but also may be related to the soil conditions.

In order to clarify the relationship between abundant phenotypic variations and different light environment, we compared the phenotypic characteristics of D. leptopodum under two light environment to explore the effects of different light habitat conditions on the phenotypic diversity of D. leptopodum. The results showed that there was abundant intraspecific diversity of D. leptopodum; The condition of full light（60% light conditions）tends to result in a significant increase in the length of the basal leaves and stems of D. leptopodum, which shows a situation of spindling, and the viewing effect is not ideal; Suitable shade environment（60% light conditions）could increase the number of stem branches（number of flowers）, the size of petals, the number of basal leaves and the coverage of D. leptopodum.

Seeds of the plant Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, have prominent dormant characteristics. In the present study, seed dormancy and germination of E. ulmoides were investigated by treating them with exogenous GA3 and different water temperatures. The results revealed that exogenous GA3 and warm water soaking treatments were beneficial to the dormancy breaking and germination of seeds. The germination rate of seeds treated with 50℃ water was 84.67%. In comparison, the seeds treated with 300 mg·L-1 GA3 had only a germination rate of 45%. This low germination rate resulted probably due to the low temperature of the GA3 solution. Another important reason is the presence of eucommia gum in the seed coat of E. ulmoides which hinders the germination process. During germination, the SOD activity in the seeds treated with GA3 (300 mg·L-1) and warm water (50 °C) increased significantly. Increased SOD activity reduced the degree of oxidative damage of the plasma membrane and resulted a continuous decrease in TBARS content. Thereby, the seeds were prompted to develop in a direction conducive to germination. In addition, GA3 (300 mg·L-1) and warm water (50℃) treatments increased the content of endogenous GA3, IAA, and ZR in the seeds, and decreased the content of endogenous ABA. This had resulted significantly higher ratios of GA3/ABA, IAA/ABA and ZR/ABA than those ratios of distilled water (room temperature) treated plants. In short, 50 °C warm water treatment has a more marked germination promoting effect on E. ulmoides seeds.

In the distant ancient times, the word “art”, like the word “education”, both experienced the process from scratch, and their emergence and development could not be separated from the continuous progress of human society and the change of people’s way of thinking. With the continuous change of society and people becoming more and more sensitive to the increasingly complex social reality, art is gradually diversified, and there are more and more discussions about “what is true art”, especially the prevalence of contemporary art in the 1960s, which pushed people’s discussion on “art and non-art” to a new height. In the author’s opinion, art is an open concept, and people’s understanding of art is different from different perspectives. Therefore, we cannot clearly choose a certain phenomenon or artistic phenomenon as a real work of art, but should stand in the new context and new art form to understand art. This paper will take the development of The Times as the realistic background, starting from the artistic concept, through the analysis of different types of art works, to start the discussion of “what is true art and what is false art”.

[Objective] Soil nutrient heterogeneity widely exists in nature, and affects competition among different plant species. This study aims to explore the effects of soil nutrient heterogeneity on competitiveness of invasive plants, so as to provide reference for the study of invasion hazards. [Method] The invasive plant Aegilops tauschii and its main endangered crop Triticum aestivum were used as test materials. Under the conditions of homogenous and heterogeneous nutrients, de Wit substitution experiment was carried out to investigate the impact of soil nutrient heterogeneity on the growth and development of A. tauschii and its competition with T. aestivum, based on plant height, leaf area and biomass. [Result]（1） Soil nutrient heterogeneity promoted the increase of plant height, leaf area and tiller number per plant of A. tauschii and T.aestivum seedlings. In particular, the total biomass of the two plants increased significantly（P＜ 0.05）.（2） Under the condition of interspecific competition, the root-shoot ratio of A. tauschii in heterogeneous soil decreased the most, indicating that A. tauschii increased its inhibition on T. aestivum competition by allocating more biomass to the ground surface.（3） Competition balance index showed that the competitiveness of A.tauschii in heterogeneous soil was above 0, and slightly increased compared with that in homogeneous soil,indicating that soil nutrient heterogeneity enhanced the competition of A. tauschii on T. aestivum. [Conclusion]Soil nutrient heterogeneity promotes the growth of A. tauschii seedling, and enhances its competitive inhibition on T. aestivum. [Ch, 5 fig. 1 tab. 46 ref.]

Using the replacement series experiments designed by de Wit, the effects of different concentrations（0, 50,100, 200, 400 mmol/L） of neutral salt（NaCl） and alkaline salt（Na 2 CO 3 ） on the morphological structure, physiological characteristics and competitiveness of the invasive plant Aegilops tauschii were investigated. The results showed that the growth of both A.tauschii and wheat were inhibited by salt stress, and caused a decrease in plant height, leaf area and total biomass of the two studied plants. Both A. tauschii and wheat adapted to the salt stress environment through increasing SOD activity and proline content. However, as the salt stress was exacerbated, the relative conductivity and thiobarbituric acid（TBARS） content significantly increased of both the two studied plants, which indicated that the salt stress caused a continually aggravating damage to plant cell membrane. Salt stress also caused a decrease in chlorophyll content of the two studied plants. As suggested by the level of increase in SOD activity and the other five physiological indicators, A.tauschii was more tolerant to the salt stress, while the damage degree of Na 2 CO 3 to the two studied plants were greater than those of NaCl. As shown by the CB value, A. tauschii was more competitive than wheat even under salt stress. All together, A. tauschii was showed more tolerant of the salt stress than wheat through the favorable adjustment of morphology, biomass allocation pattern and physiological features, indicating A. tauschii was a superior variety to wheat under salt stress conditions.

Soil salinization has produced severe consequences on global agricultural production and ecological environment. Based on the features of saline soils in China, through mixed NaCl, NaHCO 3 , Na 2 SO 4 , and Na 2 CO 3 at varying ratios to simulate the salinity–alkalinity stress and conducted a controlled pot experiment using De Wit replacement method. The effects of salinity–alkalinity stress on the growth of Aegilops tauschii and its competition with wheat were explored to provide a reference for the study of invasion mechanism of A. tauschii. The result showed that, the salinity–alkalinity stress inhibited the growth and development of both the species, which was reflected in plant height, leaf area and total biomass indicators. Secondly, the tolerance of both plant species to salinity–alkalinity stress was improved by increasing the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the proline content. However, as the salinity–alkalinity stress was exacerbated, the relative conductivity and thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) content increased significantly in both the species. As suggested by the level of increase in SOD activity, proline content, relative conductivity, and TBARS content, A. tauschii was more tolerant to the salinity–alkalinity stress than wheat. Finally, it can be seen from the value of the competition balance index, A. tauschii was still more competitive than wheat even under salinity–alkalinity stress. In summary, A. tauschii was more tolerant of the salinity–alkalinity stress than wheat through the favorable adjustment of morphology, biomass allocation pattern, and physiological features, which is expected to increase its invasion damage to wheat.

Aegilops tauschii is a competitive invasive weed typically found in winter wheat fields. In this study, using the replacement series experiments designed by de Wit, the effects of different shading treatments on the morphological structure, physiological characteristics, and competitiveness of the invasive plant A. tauschii were comparatively analyzed with the aim of providing knowledge for the ecological control of this weed in wheat fields. The results showed that in terms of morphological characteristics, shading caused an increase in plant height, leaf area, and specific leaf area (SLA); and a decrease in the root-to-crown ratio (R/C) of both A. tauschii and wheat plants. With regard to physiological characteristics, both A. tauschii and wheat plants adapted to the low-light environment by increasing the chlorophyll content, with an increase of chlorophyll b in particular. It could be concluded from the changes in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content that the low-intensity shading treatment significantly improved the stress resistance of A. tauschii , thus ensuring the continuation of its normal photosynthesis. In addition, the plasticity index average value of eight morphological indicators of A. tauschii (e.g., plant height and leaf area) was 0.18, which was greater than that of wheat (0.17). Similarly, the plasticity index average value of four physiological indicators of A. tauschii (e.g., chlorophyll content and SOD activity) was 0.46, which was also higher than that of wheat (0.37). Finally, the competitive balance (CB) value of A. tauschii showed that its competitiveness under low light conditions was still greater than wheat, but gradually diminished with increasing shading rate. In short, A. tauschii displays a certain adaptability to low light environments, but shading treatment may also significantly reduce its competitive inhibition of wheat.

With the rapid development of sequencing and multi-omics analysis technologies, the elucidation of the biosynthetic pathways become realistic for plant or microbial natural products. The arrangement of omics sample from product producing and non-producing species, tissues or growth phase is essential for obtaining differential expressed genes, which are the candidates for key pathway enzymes. Here, we summarize the process of data analysis, enumerate the grouping of genome and transcriptome samples in recent projects, and discuss the principle of designing omics samples. The challenges of identifying functional enzymes and the potential of machine learning in elucidating biosynthetic pathways are also discussed.

[目的]探明入侵物种节节麦不同密度对小麦生长发育及竞争能力的影响,为冬小麦田节节麦的科学防控提供参考.[方法]采用密度添加系列试验方法,固定目标物种小麦的密度为300株/m2条件下,分析入侵物种节节麦密度25～200株/m2不同处理条件下小麦形态及生物量的变化特征.[结果]随节节麦密度增加,小麦生长指标下降,节节麦密度达200株/m2时,小麦株高、叶面积和总生物量分别较对照(小麦单种)下降42.60％、42.05％和42.97％,降幅显著(P＜0.05).随节节麦密度增加,小麦根冠比(R/C)逐渐下降,比叶面积(SLA)不断升高,节节麦密度为200株/m2时,小麦的R/C较对照降低12.00％,SLA增加24.52％,但变化不显著.节节麦密度为25株/m2时,小麦的竞争平衡指数(CB)大于0;节节麦密度为50～200株/m2时,小麦的竞争平衡指数小于0.[结论]节节麦对小麦的竞争危害与其密度呈正相关,节节麦密度为25株/m2时,其竞争能力小于小麦,对小麦竞争抑制相对较弱;节节麦密度达50株/m2及以上时对小麦生长发育造成严重影响.

Azadirachta indica (neem), an evergreen tree of the Meliaceae family, is a source of the potent biopesticide azadirachtin. The lack of a chromosome-level assembly impedes an in-depth understanding of its genome architecture and the comparative genomic analysis of A. indica. Here, a high-quality genome assembly of A. indica was constructed using a combination of data from Illumina, PacBio, and Hi-C technology, which is the first chromosome-scale genome assembly of A. indica. Based on the length of our assembly, the genome size of A. indica is estimated to be 281 Mb anchored to 14 chromosomes (contig N50 = 6 Mb and scaffold N50 = 19 Mb). The genome assembly contained 115 Mb repetitive elements and 25,767 protein-coding genes. Evolutional analysis revealed that A. indica didn’t experience any whole-genome duplication (WGD) event after the core eudicot γ event, but some genes and genome segment might likely experienced recent duplications. The secondary metabolite clusters, TPS genes, and CYP genes were also identified. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that most of the A. indica-specific TPS genes and CYP genes were located on the terpene-related clusters on chromosome 13. It is suggested that chromosome 13 may play an important role in the specific terpene biosynthesis of A. indica. The gene duplication events may be responsible for the terpene biosynthesis expansion in A. indica. The genomic dataset and genomic analysis created for A. indica will shed light on terpene biosynthesis in A. indica and facilitate comparative genomic research of the family Meliaceae.