目的 探讨骨盆创伤中骨盆知名血管损伤时的紧急处理策略.方法 回顾性分析2005年1月至2021年10月山东省立医院收治的58例骨盆知名血管损伤病人的临床资料,其中男36例,女22例,年龄为(47.9±14.8)岁(24～75岁).其中"死亡冠"血管损伤15例(医源性损伤8例);臀上动静脉损伤17例(医源性损伤7例);臀下动静脉损伤6例(医源性损伤1例);阴部内动脉损伤13例;髂外动静脉(股动静脉)损伤7例(医源性损伤3例).所有病人根据不同的血管损伤机制,术中根据不同的情况分别选择直接血管结扎、纱布填塞、血管造影栓塞或联合腹主动脉阻断等方法急救止血.结果 58例骨盆知名血管损伤的病人,其中有55例病人得到成功的处理,术后存活.其中2例因"死亡冠"血管损伤所致的大出血死亡,1例因臀上动脉医源性损伤所致的大出血死亡.结论 临床医生在面对骨盆及臀部创伤时要充分了解并掌握骨盆知名血管损伤的预防和处理,同时也不能忽视骨盆知名血管的潜在损伤.了解骨盆骨折类型与血管损伤的潜在联系,对于"死亡冠"血管,可行预防性结扎避免损伤,一旦损伤在无法结扎的情况下应纱布填塞压迫止血结合介入栓塞;对于臀上和臀下血管,造影栓塞可作为第一选择,必要时可联合腹主动脉球囊阻断;对于阴部内动脉,纱布填塞及造影栓塞均有较好的效果;对于髂外血管的损伤,可在腹主动脉球囊阻断下行血管修补或置换.当骨盆知名血管损伤时,根据具体情况,掌握止血急救的措施,根据自已医院条件和自身的经验选择合适的方法,提高病人的预后和生存率.

Objective:To investigate the effect of vector sum concept in fine-tuning posterior column screw channel via ilioinguinal approach for the treatment of bi-column acetabular fracture.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 42 patients with acetabular double column fracture admitted to Weifang People′s Hospital from July 2015 to May 2021, including 22 males and 20 females, aged 23-77 years [(49.3±16.3)years]. The ilioinguinal approach was used in all patients with the anterior column fixed with a plate and posterior column fixed with a lag screw. The vector sum concept was used intraoperatively to fine-tune the posterior column screw channel in 19 patients (channel fine-tuning group): namely, a 2.5 mm Kirschner wire was inserted into the bony channel of the posterior column screw under fluoroscopy of iliac oblique and obturator oblique positions; when the Kirschner wire was not located in the middle of the ischial ramus under single fluoroscopy, the vector only needed to be adjusted in one direction, with zero in the other direction; when the Kirschner wire was not located in the middle of the ischial ramus under fluoroscopy of both the iliac oblique and obturator obturator oblique positions, the sum of the deviation vectors in the two directions was calculated before fine-tuning. The vector sum concept was not used to fine-tune the posterior column channel screw in 23 patients (channel non-fine-tuning group). The time of posterior column screw placement, intraoperative blood loss, frequency of guide wire adjustment and fracture healing time were recorded and compared between the two groups. At 6 months after operation, the quality of fracture reduction and hip function were assessed by Matta score and Merle D′Aubigne-Postel score, respectively. The complications were observed.Results:All patients were followed up for 7-71 months [(35.7±8.5)months]. In channel fine-tuning group, the time of posterior column screw placement was (5.1±1.5)minutes, with intraoperative blood loss of (798.8±83.9)ml, frequency of guide wire adjustment of (1.8±0.5)times and fracture healing time of (12.4±3.2)weeks; while these parameters [(39.8±12.0)minutes, (1 119.3±172.0)ml, (5.6±1.6)times and (15.6±4.2)weeks] were significantly shorter or less in channel non-fine-tuning group ( P<0.05 or 0.01). There were no significant difference in the quality of fracture reduction and hip function between the two groups at 6 months postoperatively (all P>0.05). After operation, symptoms of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve was found in seven patients, superficial incision infection in two who was healed after debridement and dressing change, deep venous thrombosis of lower limbs in three. There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups [channel fine-tuning group: 26%(5/19), channel non-fine-tuning group: 30%(7/23)] ( P>0.05). Conclusion:For bi-column acetabular fractures via ilioinguinal approach, application of vector and concept to fine-tune the posterior column screw channel is beneficial for rapid screw placement into the osseous channel, significant reduction of intraoperative blood loss and early fracture healing.