探测可能存在的阶跃是GPS坐标时间序列预处理的关键步骤,自动化探测阶跃对于密集台站或数量庞大的GPS网络管理具有重要意义.本文提出基于奇异谱分析的阶跃自动探测方法,并验证该方法的有效性.实验表明,该方法可以探测出有明显台阶的阶跃,且震后形变等瞬态运动不影响探测结果,但对于与背景运动差异不明显的阶跃存在一定的局限性.

2018年9月12日在陕西省汉中市宁强县发生了 Ms5.3地震,震源深度11 km.基于陕西区域2014-2018年地球物理观测资料,选取地下水位、洞体应变、体应变以及地电场等观测手段的20个观测站点,采用库仑应力触发模型的加卸载响应比计算方法,计算各个站点的加卸载响应比(LURR),对此次地震前的异常信息进行分析讨论.初步获知:(1)LURR异常出现时间集中在2017年底至2018年5月,其中地下水位LURR出现异常变化时间最早,出现极大值的时间也最早,而洞体应变、体应变、地电场LURR异常开始时间较晚,集中在2018年2-5月,极大值出现时间集中在2018年3-7月.(2)从各观测手段的异常变化幅度来看,地下水位的变化幅度最小,洞体应变和体应变的变化幅度最大,地电场的变化幅度居中;从空间分布看,不同测项的异常站点有分布较为集中的现象.(3)周至地电场LURR与优势方位角异常变化在时域上较为同步.(4)总体上,地下水位、洞体应变、体应变以及地电场这几种地球物理观测资料反映的LURR异常演化具有准同步性.这为尝试多种观测资料计算LURR,进行多重物理量相互验证,提高异常信息的可信度等提供参考.

1 研究背景 据中国地震台网测定,北京时间2019年10月28日01:56,甘肃省甘南州夏河县发生MS 5.7地震(35.10°N,102.69°E),震中位于西秦岭北缘断裂与临潭—宏昌断裂之间.据马海萍等(2021)的研究,夏河MS 5.7地震前,震中位置存在背景性异常变化,震中附近区域应力应变积累较强.

通过分析陕西地区5个地电场2016年以来的观测数据,总结地电场典型干扰特征.研究得出,陕西地区地电场典型干扰主要由地铁运行、高压直流输电线路调试的游散电流及大风、降雨、雷电、地电暴等自然环境引起.地铁运行对近距离的乾陵、周至站干扰较大,宝德线高压直流线路调试对乾陵、宝鸡、凤翔、周至等站影响较大.大风、降雨、雷电干扰具有局部和短时特征,强磁暴发生时多数地电场站能记录到同步高频振荡的地电暴.研究提取的陕西地区地电场典型干扰特征可为开展数据分析、干扰识别和震情跟踪等提供参考.

1 研究背景 渭河盆地位于青藏高原东北缘,是我国东西部构造单元的过渡地带,受到秦岭造山带和鄂尔多斯地块构造演化的综合影响,新地质时期垂直差异运动强烈,历史地震多发,而近代以来地震活动长期平静,已有400余年无6级及以上地震发生,可从构造活动强度上深入研究该区中强地震危险性.渭河盆地地质构造复杂,受一系列断裂控制,形成强烈下降的西安凹陷、固始凹陷和相对上升的宝鸡凸起、骊山凸起、咸礼凸起和蒲城凸起,凹陷区与凸起区相间分布.本文利用现今密集分布的GPS站观测数据,分析渭河盆地内次级块体现今运动形态.

通过对陕西区域地下流体台网各井孔(泉)测项的观测数据进行跟踪分析,发现在较强地震发生时记录到了不同程度的远场同震响应.以2021年5月22日青海玛多7.4级、2022年1月8日青海门源6.9级两次地震为例,对陕西区域流体台网的水位和水温远场同震响应特征进行了分析,并对水位、水温发生远场同震变化的机理进行了初步的探讨.结果表明,水位的远场同震响应强于水温;震级越大,远场同震响应的测点越多,响应幅度也越大.

主要采用了优势分析、问题探究以及策略探究等方法,对数字化发展时代的地震监测技术的技术应用、数据搜集以及数据传输等问题进行了深入性分析.分析结果表明,数字化技术对地震监测技术的优化效果非常显著,不仅能够有效提高地震监测数据的准确性和全面性,实现更加精准的地震预测,而且能够为地震监测工作者提供更加先进的监测设备和监测手段,激发相关人员产生技术创新的意识.

with the improvement of computer science and technology, modern fashion design has become the product of the combination of designers, computer application and art design.3D CAD design based on virtual technology has become a technical means and is widely used in the field of fashion.This paper mainly studies how to apply virtual technology to 3D CAD Hanfu design.Starting from the principle of garment CAD, this topic first introduces the function and application method of 3D virtual design LookStailor X, the establishment of 3D human model, the establishment of garment model, style line drawing, the conversion from 3D garment piece to 2D garment piece, etc.Then, the virtual design of Hanfu is carried out through parametric 3D human modeling, 3D garment generation and physical simulation.Finally, through the actual research, this paper compares and analyzes the clothing under the three modes, demonstrates the advantages of 3D virtual clothing design with specific research figures, and predicts the market prospect and economic contribution of 3D virtual clothing design.

全国范围内越来越多的高压直流输电工程投入运行,其中5条线路运行对陕西地磁观测造成一定干扰.统计2014年1月—2018年6月陕西地磁观测受高压直流输电影响情况,分析各地磁观测台受高压直流输电线路影响的特征,提出判别直流输电干扰线路的方法和应对高压直流输电干扰的建议.

总结陕西地电场观测多次受高压直流输电干扰事件,对干扰影响的变化特征及原因进行分析,认为陕西5个台的地电场观测均受到高压直流输电干扰,干扰源主要来自4条高压直流输电系统;各台地电场观测受到高压直流输电系统干扰的程度不同,干扰方式有入地电流干扰和线路合成电场干扰2种;讨论了利用高压直流输电对地电场干扰特征来检测地电场观测系统的稳定性和接线正确性的可行性,提出了判定观测系统故障和地下介质电性参数异常的方法;最后,提出了识别高压直流输电干扰和应对干扰的建议.

从不同的方位对陕西周至、毛西、洛南等流体台站水位观测记录到的典型地震进行分析,由于这3个流体台站所处的地理位置、井深不同,对同一地震的表现形式也不尽相同,通过对比分析井水位对地震的响应特点,得出以下认识:陕西部分观测井孔一般对远场大震记录比较灵敏,而对近震及地方震反映不灵敏;井孔水位仪记录的水位波幅与震级、震中距、震中位置等有关;单井的同震水震波记录通常具有方向性等.

该文对陕西乾陵地震台地电场日变化特征和常见的干扰因素进行分析.研究结果表明,地电场静日变化具有较为典型的单峰双谷形态,在发生地电暴时,高频成分明显增加,日变幅比静日有较大幅度的增加;存在的干扰主要是高压直流输电干扰、工业游散电流影响等;也有大风、降雨和雷电自然因素干扰;高压直流输电影响幅度的大小与入地电流的大小、距离及地下介质等因素有关;其他方面的干扰,是局部、短时间内电磁环境的变化而影响地电场的变化.

本文所研究的是一种基于超低频的振动测量传感器系统,专门捕捉地震前驱波的记录装置.将此装置布设在陕西子午、甘肃兰州、四川成都、河南洛阳四个站点,选取了近一年的连续数据记录,对所记录的海量信号数据进行分析,单纯利用出现异常信号与地震发生之间的对应关系得到预测地震的准确率.

针对陕西石泉井水位多次出现的阶降变化,从观测仪器、井孔装置、周边地下水开采、区域降雨、井区河流及水库水位变化、地震影响等方面进行了分析.结果 表明,石泉井区附近的石泉水库放水和汉江水位升降会造成石泉井水位的突升突降变化,但石泉井水位出现的系列阶降变化与仪器故障、地下水开采、井管漏水、远场大震同震效应、区域应力变化以及附近河流水库水位变化等因素均无关.

In order to conclude present ground in-situ stress distribution characteristics,data are gathered from active fault investigation and three drilling boreholes for in-situ stress measurement located in the north section of the Muzhailing tunnel engineering area along the Lanzhou-Chongqing railway.Combined with the high in-situ data of SH ＞ Sh ＞ Sv,the core sampling of the structure features of shallow earth crust rock formation reveals that current horizontal principal stress plays a leading role in reverse fault activity.Moreover,measured maximum principal insitu stress strikes in NE direction and reflects present compressive properties,with sinistral slip activity,of the north segment.Based on the data of crustal stress and the interrelated theories as well as criterions,it is concluded that the favorite shape of the cross-section of the tunnel are ellipses with horizontal long axis,vertical short axis and long to short axis ration as lateral pressure coefficient;when the north section of the tunnel are excavated,the hard rock has the possibility of rock burst,and the soft rock has the background of its occurrence and serious extrusion deformation.The results provide a basis for studying the characteristics of stress field in tunnel area,analyzing the stability of tunnel surrounding rock and designing engineering geological problems such as shape,structure and strength of tunnel section.

We study the variation patterns of geothermal observation data at Dulan seismic station,in a range of global earthquake with Ms ≥ 7.0 and domestic earthquake with Ms ≥ 5.0 since June 1,2013,and find that 8 moderately strong earthquakes have obvious coseismic changes of reaction.Among them,the amplitude of coseismic variation is positively correlated with the maximum amplitude of seismic wave,especially with the maximum amplitude of horizontal synthesis.The morphology of coseismic variation is related to the tectonic location of the earthquake.When the location of the earthquake is directly related to the location of the borehole and the magnitude is larger,the pattern of the coseismic change is decline-flat,and the other regions of the earthquake are the decline and recovery.At the same time,the change mechanism of coseismic variation of ground temperature is discussed,and it is considered that the coseismic variation of geotemperature may be caused by the thermal energy field,which is resulted from the energy of seismic wave.

Based on the analysis of dynamic background of each borehole in Qinghai water temperature (ground temperature) station network, the type of water temperature (ground temperature) dynamic changes of every borehole is determined. The relationship between borehole properties and water temperature (ground temperature) dynamic types are also studied and the characteristics of heating type borehole and the reason of water temperature (ground temperature) change are also studied. The results show that there are some relationships between dynamic water temperature (ground temperature) backgrounds of each well and its hydrological properties. There are two types of quasi oblique rise and straight up rise in borehole temperature change. There is a good correlation between the borehole data for each curve shape. But the relationship between the rate of rise of the curve and the borehole location, hydrological properties, geological structure and so on is not obvious. On the one hand,the significantly change of water temperature (ground temperature) change has some relationships with the change of observing system. It maybe have some relationships of the observed presence of two compared probes.

By analyzing deformation observation data of Xi′an Seismic Station from the year 2014 to 2015, all kinds of interference to observation instrument, such as water tube tiltmeter, extensometer and vertical pendulum tiltmeter, what would be caused by natural environment,are summarized in this paper. The inlfuence characteristics and general rules of several typical natural environment interference factors on the deformation observation data were found. At the end, same suggestion of anti-interference measures, that will provide the reference for the same kind of interference identiifcation and deepening application of deformation observation data are given.

A experiment for effect of pumping and irrigation in short-term to geo-resistivity observation in the observation site of Baoji seismic station,Shaanxi province,was done,and the effect from pumping and irrigation in a large range with long-term around Baoji observation site was researched also.The result shows that pumping and irrigation in a small range with short-term has no noticeable influence on the geo-resistivity observation,but the one in a large range with long-term has significant effect on the observation.The possible reason of this phenomenon is discussed.The result present a reference for estimating influence of groundwater on geo-resistivity observation in earthquake prediction.

High-speed railway construction is a major strategic measure to achieve sound and rapid economic development in the new era. A high-speed railway network as long as 16 000 km will be constructed all over China in the coming future. Geo-electric field observation is an important way for earthquake precursory observation and 110 geo-electric field stations have been in operation since 2010. It is inevitable for the high-speed railway lines to interfere with geo-electric field observation. Therefore, studying and analyzing the influence on the geo-electric field observation by the high-speed railway design is a new issue, which has practical signifi- cance for applying the observation data, exploring the anti-interference method and selecting the site of new stations. The interference with the observation in Baoji geo-electric field by the high-speed railway construction is analyzed and the conclusion is given out in the paper.