AIM:To examine the association between the distribution of energy and macronutrients between dinner and breakfast and depressive symptoms in early pregnancy. METHODS:This study used baseline data from a maternity cohort conducted in Wuhan, China. Dietary intake was assessed via a 24-h recall, and depressive symptoms were defined as EPDS ≥ 10. The differences in energy and macronutrient intake between dinner and breakfast (Δ = dinner-breakfast) were categorized into tertiles. Logistic regression models were developed to assess the associations between Δ and depressive symptoms. Isocaloric substitution models were used to evaluate the effect of shifting energy or macronutrients from dinner to breakfast. RESULTS:Two hundred two individuals (41.74%) met the criteria for depressive symptoms. The highest tertile was associated with a significantly increased risk of depressive symptoms compared with the lowest tertile after multivariable adjustment (ΔEnergy: OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.21-3.19; ΔCarbohydrate: OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.17-3.06; ΔFat: OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.03-2.64). Isocalorically replacing 5% of total energy at dinner with breakfast was associated with a 7% (OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.86-0.99) lower risk of depressive symptoms, while macronutrient substitution between meals showed no significant effect. CONCLUSIONS:Higher energy and macronutrient intake at dinner relative to breakfast was associated with a higher risk of depressive symptoms, highlighting the potential importance of daily energy distribution for mental health in early pregnancy.

Objectives: Developmental delay in preterm infants is a critical clinical issue, and early risk identification and prediction are essential. This study aims to develop and validate a predictive model for developmental delay, providing a scientific basis for clinical risk assessment and early intervention. Methods: This study included preterm infants and their primary caregivers who were followed up at our center from May 2023 to September 2024. The samples were randomly divided into a training cohort, an internal validation cohort, and an external validation cohort. Independent risk factors for stunting were identified through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, and predictive models and calibration were constructed accordingly. Results: The five standardized indicators at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months for 507 preterm infants were analyzed using principal component analysis, and their developmental outcomes were grouped accordingly. Logistic regression analyses showed that gestational age, high-risk factors, knowledge of caregiving, caregiving experience, and the presence of other caregivers in the home were independent risk factors for the risk of preterm infants with stunted growth at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. The nomogram showed the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values of 0.743, 0.735, 0.752, and 0.774 in the training cohort; 0.855, 0.771, 0.870, and 0.786 in the internal validation cohort; 0.822, 0.804, 0.717, and 0.678 in the external validation cohort, respectively. The calibration curves, consistency index, and decision curve analysis all showed that the model was significantly better than a single indicator in predicting the risk of stunting in preterm infants. Conclusions: The stunting risk prediction model constructed in this study shows good predictive ability, which can help clinicians assess the risk of stunting in preterm infants and support the development of early intervention strategies.

BACKGROUND:Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, has demonstrated protective effects against diabetes. Nevertheless, its poor aqueous solubility and chemical instability significantly hinder its clinical application. Nanoencapsulation strategies have emerged as promising approaches to enhance the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of quercetin, attracting increasing attention in the field of diabetes management. PURPOSE:This review critically discussed the anti-diabetic effects of quercetin, highlighting both the challenges of using quercetin as an anti-diabetic nutraceutical and the promising potential of nanoencapsulation techniques to enhance its therapeutic efficacy. METHODS:A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases like PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, employing targeted keywords related to quercetin, diabetes, and nanoparticles. The analysis primarily focused on articles published from the inception of each database through February 2025. RESULTS:Various nanoparticle carriers, such as lipid-based, polymer-based, and inorganic nanoparticles, had been utilized for the delivery of quercetin. These nanoformulations markedly improved the stability, aqueous solubility, and cellular absorption of quercetin. Preclinical evidence from both in vitro and in vivo studies supported the therapeutic promise of quercetin-loaded nanoparticles in diabetes intervention. CONCLUSION:To our knowledge, this was the first review to specifically focus on applying quercetin-loaded nanoparticles in diabetes therapy. Overall, nanoencapsulation strategies substantially enhance the bioavailability of quercetin, leading to improved anti-diabetic efficacy in preclinical models. Nevertheless, rigorously designed, large-scale clinical trials are required to validate their safety and efficacy in humans and to enable clinical translation.

BACKGROUND:Diabetes-related mortalities encompass multiple causes, including cardiovascular disease, infections, and diabetic nephropathy, with cardiovascular death being the leading cause among them. This study aimed to develop a cardiovascular health score specifically suited for diabetic patients based on the Life's Essential 8 scoring system. METHODS:The study included 23,310 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and determined their mortality cause by linking the data to the National Death Index. The primary outcomes encompassed diabetes-related mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality. Assessment of mortality risk by Cardiovascular Health (CVH) using cox proportional risk modeling. Weighted quantile sum regression models were utilized to evaluate the contributions of eight CVH factors within their combined effects. Based on the results, the contributions of each factor were adjusted to create a new CVH score. The X-tile figure was used to select the optimal threshold value for reclassifying CVH levels in diabetic patients. The C-index and Decision Curve Analysis were applied to compare the predictive performance of the new CVH level with the original CVH level. RESULTS:Among the 23,310 adults who participated in the study, 15,217 were normoglycemic, 5,923 were prediabetic, and 2,170 were diabetic. Among the three glycemic states, diabetics exhibited the highest diabetes-related mortality rate (4.52%), and also had the highest cardiovascular mortality rate (3.09%). For all subjects, the risk of diabetes-related mortality decreased by 51.13% for every 10-point increase in the total CVH score, the most important CVH component was blood glucose (contribution of 64.6%). For diabetics, the most important CVH component was blood pressure (contribution of 35.7%), followed by tobacco/nicotine exposure and diet quality (contribution of 18.7% and 18.5%). Notably, the newly adjusted CVH score, unlike the original one, was significantly associated with cardiovascular death (HR = 0.9720, 95% CI: 0.9573 to 0.9869). We chose 30 and 60 as cutoff values for reclassifying CVH levels in diabetic patients. The DCA results indicated that the reclassified CVH levels were superior predictors of diabetes-related deaths, cardiovascular deaths, and all-cause mortality in diabetic patients compared to the original CVH levels. CONCLUSION:The weight-adjusted CVH score effectively predicted the risk of cardiovascular mortality in diabetics. The predictive performance of the reclassified CVH levels exhibited significant improvement over the original CVH levels. Additionally, when managing health, greater emphasis should be placed on encouraging diabetic patients to monitor their blood pressure, quit smoking, and maintain a healthy diet.

OBJECTIVE:To construct a comprehensive physical exercise evaluation index system for asthmatic children aged 6-12 years. DESIGN:Based on knowledge-attitude-practice(KAP) theory, we constructed an item pool for a physical exercise evaluation index system using a literature review and semistructured interviews and refined the index system through two questionnaire cycles with Delphi experts. RESULTS:For the two questionnaire rounds, the recovery rate was 100%, the experts' authority coefficients were 0.850 and 0.836, and the coordinated coefficients were 0.167 and 0.202 (P<0.001). Finally, four first-level indicators, namely, disease factors, exercise environment, exercise practice, and exercise psychology; 11 second-level indicators; and 50 third-level indicators were developed as a physical exercise evaluation index system for asthmatic children. CONCLUSION:A physical exercise evaluation index system built using a literature review, qualitative interviews, and Delphi technique can provide scientific guidance for children with asthma, caregivers and health professionals to comprehensively assess the children's physical exercise.

Preterm birth remains a significant global health challenge and is strongly associated with heightened risks of long-term neurodevelopmental impairments, including cognitive delays, behavioural disorders, and emotional dysregulation. In recent years, accumulating evidence has underscored the critical role of the gut microbiota in early brain development through the gut–brain axis. In preterm infants, microbial colonisation is frequently delayed or disrupted due to caesarean delivery, perinatal antibiotic exposure, formula feeding, and prolonged stays in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), all of which contribute to gut dysbiosis during critical periods of neurodevelopment. This review synthesises current knowledge on the sources, temporal patterns, and determinants of gut microbiota colonisation in preterm infants. This review focuses on the gut bacteriome and uses faecal-sample bacteriome sequencing as its primary method of characterisation. We detail five mechanistic pathways that link microbial disturbances to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes: immune activation and white matter injury, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-mediated neuroprotection, tryptophan–serotonin metabolic signalling, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis modulation, and the integrity of intestinal and blood–brain barriers (BBB). We also critically examine emerging microbiota-targeted interventions—including probiotics, prebiotics, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), antibiotic stewardship strategies, skin-to-skin contact (SSC), and faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT)—focusing on their mechanisms of action, translational potential, and associated ethical concerns. Finally, we identify key research gaps, including the scarcity of longitudinal studies, limited functional modelling, and the absence of standardised protocols across clinical settings. A comprehensive understanding of microbial–neurodevelopmental interactions may provide a foundation for the development of targeted, timing-sensitive, and ethically sound interventions aimed at improving neurodevelopmental outcomes in this vulnerable population.

Background: Premenopausal women typically exhibit superior glucose metabolism compared to males, but this metabolic advantage is lost after menopause. The primary cause is the sharp decline in estrogen levels post-menopause. Genistein, a natural compound predominantly derived from leguminous plants, possesses structural similarity to estrogen. This enables specific binding to estrogen receptors, allowing genistein to exert estrogen-mimicking effects under conditions of estrogen deficiency. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and potential mechanisms of genistein on glucose metabolism in the liver and skeletal muscle of ovariectomized (OVX) mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Methods: Animal experiments were performed using 8-week-old mice that were OVX to construct a model of estrogen deficiency and impaired their glucose metabolism by a continuous HFD. Genistein was administered by gavage (50 mg/kg-day) for 10 weeks and 17β-estradiol was administered subcutaneously (50 μg/kg) every 4 days for 10 weeks as a positive control. Results: Genistein significantly improved glucose metabolism (including fasting glucose, postprandial glucose, serum glucose levels, and HOMA-IR index) but did not affect serum estrogen levels and uterine weights in OVX mice. Genistein promoted increased expression and translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in the gastrocnemius muscle, enhanced phosphorylation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, and upregulated expression of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). Concurrently, it stimulates hepatic glycogen accumulation and upregulates GLUT2 expression in the liver. Conclusions: GEN improves glucose metabolism in ovariectomized mice, and this improvement is primarily attributed to increased expression and membrane translocation of GLUT4 in the gastrocnemius muscle mediated by the GPER-PI3K/AKT pathway.

The study aimed to investigate the association between dietary quercetin intake and the risk of diabetic nephropathy (DN) among US adults based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2008, 2009-2010, and 2017-2018. Dietary quercetin intake was estimated as the mean of two 24-h dietary recall surveys. DN was defined as a urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio greater than 30 mg/g in individuals with diabetes. Basic characteristics between DN and non-DN groups were compared using the Rao-Scott χ 2 test, t-test, and Wilcoxon rank-sum test. After adjusting for confounding factors, the relationship between dietary quercetin intake and the risk of DN was analyzed using weighted logistic regression. The dose-response relationship between dietary quercetin intake and the risk of DN was analyzed using restricted cubic splines (RCS). Among the 2279 diabetic patients in this study, 645 patients (25.20%) had concurrent DN. Weighted logistic regression analysis showed that, after adjusting for confounding factors, each unit increase in log-transformed dietary quercetin intake was associated with a 38.10% reduction in the risk of DN (OR: 0.619; 95% CI: 0.457-0.839). The RCS analysis indicated that, after adjusting for confounding factors, there was a linear negative correlation between dietary quercetin intake and the risk of DN (p for non-linearity = 0.059). When dietary quercetin intake was 22.4-65.2 mg/day, the reduction in DN risk was statistically significant. These findings highlighted the potential protective role of dietary quercetin against DN and underscored the importance of dietary interventions as a modifiable strategy for DN prevention among diabetic patients.

Background The development of children's social emotional ability is crucial for their future success. Increasing evidence suggests that families with low socioeconomic status negatively influence the development of children's social emotions, although the mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. The home rearing environment is the primary setting that toddlers are exposed to in their early years, significantly impacting their emotional development. This environment may be affected by the family’s economic situation. Methods A total of 370 healthy toddlers aged 12 to 36 months were recruited through the Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Wuhan. Socio-economic status was assessed using parents' education level and family income. The home environment was measured using the Child Home Nurture Environment Scales. Toddlers’ social-emotional was measured using the 12 to 36 months toddler social emotional questionnaire. Results The mean age of the toddlers was 27.71 ± 7.76 months. Family socioeconomic status, home rearing environment, and social-emotion development were significantly correlated (P < 0.05). Family socioeconomic status did not have a direct predictive effect on toddlers' social-emotional development. However, the family nurturing environment played a significant mediating role between family socioeconomic status and toddlers’ social-emotional outcomes, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.467–0.643. Conclusions Socioeconomic status may affect the social-emotional development of young children through the family upbringing environment. Health care workers should provide training on parenting knowledge to foster a positive family upbringing environment and mitigate the negative impact of low socioeconomic status on young children's emotional development.

ObjectiveTo analyze the surveillance results of foodborne diseases in Wuhan to investigate the temporal, spatial, and demographic distribution of foodborne disease in Wuhan, so as to provide an evidence for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases.MethodsData were collected through the foodborne disease surveillance network system and analyzed statistically. Stool, blood, rectal swabs, and vomitus samples from some diarrhea cases were collected for pathogens detection, including Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and norovirus.ResultsA total of 14 733 cases of foodborne diseases were reported in Wuhan from 2019 to 2022, with a male-to-female ratio of 1∶0.92. The highest incidence was 3.58 per 10 000 person-years in 2019 and the lowest was 2.19 per 10 000 person-years in 2020. The peak incidence occurred from June to October. Higher incidence rates were observed in central districts such as Jiang’an District, Wuchang District, and Caidian District. The age group with the highest incidence was 20‒29 years, while the age group with the highest total pathogen detection rate was 0‒9 years old. The affected population primarily included middle school students, household workers, and unemployed individuals, and children living at home. Suspected food sources were mainly vegetarian, other miscellaneous foods, and animal-based food. Of the 3 499 biological samples collected, 1 820 of them was conducted a detection for norovirus, the overall detection rate of pathogenic bacteria was 22.89% (801/3 499), with detection rates of Salmonella and Escherichia coli at 19.23% (673/3 499) and 3.03% (106/ 3 499), respectively. The detection rate of norovirus was 4.12% (75/1 820). The detection rate of pathogenic bacteria in biological samples of the patients who consumed infant food, milk, and egg-based foods was higher, at 53.33% and 42.93%, respectively. In terms of detected pathogens, the highest detection rate of Salmonella was found in the biological samples of patients who consumed infant food, milk, and egg-based foods, the highest detection rate of Escherichia coli was found in the biological samples of patients who consumed milk, egg, and animal-based foods, while Vibrio parahaemolyticus and norovirus had higher detection rates in patients who consumed beverages and alcoholic drinks. Suspected food sources were often found in food services, retail or farmer products markets, and homemade food. Salmonella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli were detected more frequently from June to September, while norovirus was detected more frequently in winter and spring.ConclusionThe population aged between 0‒29 years in Wuhan is the key high-risk group for foodborne diseases. Salmonella, diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, and norovirus are the main pathogens causing foodborne diseases in Wuhan. Market supervision departments should focus on strengthening the regulation of infant food.

Background: The increasing incidence of depressive symptoms in diabetic patients contributes to the global burden of disease, but few epidemiological studies have evaluated the relationship between dietary flavonoids intake and depressive symptoms in diabetic patients in American adults. Objective: This study intended to evaluate the associations of dietary flavonoids intake and depressive symptoms in diabetic patients in American adults. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 1993 adults aged >= 20 years old who participated in the 2007-2008, 2009-2010, and 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). Chisquare test and independent-sample t-test were used to compare subjects' characteristics. Logistic regression model was further used to analyze the relationship between dietary flavonoid intake and depressive symptoms in diabetic patients. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was used to investigate the non-linear relationship between dietary flavonoid intake and the prevalence of depressive symptoms in diabetic patients. The weighted quartile sum (WQS) regression was used to analyze the effect of 29 flavonoids monomers. Results: The results showed that the total flavonoid intake in the third quartile (OR, 0.635; 95 % CI,0.419-0.962; P, 0.032) was significantly associated with a reduced risk of depressive symptoms in diabetic patients compared with the lowest quartile. And there was a U-shaped association between dietary flavonoid intake and risk of depressive symptoms in diabetic patients. Top contributors of flavonoid monomers were eriodictyol, naringenin, and theaflavin-3 '-gallate, accounting for a percentage of 30.83 %, 22.17 %, and 6.92 %, respectively. Conclusion: Moderate (56.07-207.12 mg/day) dietary flavonoid intake was associated with a reduced risk of depressive symptoms in diabetic patients. The important flavonoid monomers were eriodictyol, naringenin, and theaflavin-3 '-gallate.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common and serious complication of diabetes, posing a significant threat to human health. Currently, safe and effective preventive strategies for DN are lacking. The study aimed to explore the preventive effect and the underlying mechanism of quercetin against DN. In the in vivo experiments, we established a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) induced by a combination of high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) to explore the preventive effect of quercetin on DN and its protective role against renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis. Subsequently, in vitro experiments using human tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 cells) were conducted to further validate the protective effects of quercetin on renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis. Additionally, we employed RNA sequencing analysis (RNA-seq) and network pharmacology analysis to comprehensively elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved. In vivo, we observed a significant increase in the ratio of urinary microalbumin to creatinine in diabetic mice compared to control mice, accompanied by the activation of renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis. Remarkably, all of these changes were reversed after quercetin treatment. In vitro, high-glucose-induced apoptosis in HK-2 cells was significantly attenuated by quercetin. Subsequent RNA sequencing analysis and network pharmacology analysis revealed that quercetin was most likely to inhibit high-glucose-induced HK-2 cell apoptosis through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Western Blotting results further demonstrated that quercetin could inhibit the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in HK-2 cells induced by high glucose. Our results supported that quercetin could prevent DN by inhibiting tubular epithelial cell apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT pathway. Quercetin might be a promising candidate for the prevention of DN.

应用网络药理学及分子对接技术探究槲皮素治疗抑郁的潜在机制.从SwissTargetPrediction、Superpred数据库中筛选出"槲皮素"相关靶点;从OMIM、Genecards数据库中筛选出"抑郁"的相关靶点.通过Jvenn获得二者的共同蛋白质靶点信息后,使用Cytoscape软件构建蛋白质互作网络,并对hub基因进行筛选.使用David平台对相同靶点进行GO、KEGG等富集分析.最后采用分子对接技术进行准确性检验.PPI网络中共有 103 个节点,536 条边,其中SRC、MTOR、EGFR、AKT1、PTK2 等靶点度值排名较高.GO、KEGG富集分析结果表明,槲皮素对抑郁的作用主要涉及凋亡过程的负向调节、信号转导、蛋白磷酸化反应等生物学过程.信号通路主要包括HIF-1、ErbB、磷脂酶D信号传导、神经营养素信号传导等.分子对接结果显示SRC、MTOR、AKT1 等靶点与槲皮素结合程度较好,且在KEGG通路中富集.揭示了槲皮素作用于抑郁的潜在靶点及机制,以期望研制出治疗抑郁症新药物.

目的:研究20岁及以上美国成年人的骨骼矿物质密度(BMD)与健康饮食指数(HEI-2015)的关系.方法:选取美国国家营养与健康调查(NHANES)2011-2018年4个调查周期的成年人作为研究对象,研究包含有完整的性别、年龄、种族、学历与家庭收入等人口学变量信息,完整的膳食数据,体质指数(BMI)、空腹血糖和骨密度数据.本研究最终纳入研究对象人数为4 373人,经过个体加权后,可代表约1亿427万名美国成年人.研究按照三分位数对腰椎骨密度进行分类,分为"＜最小三分位数"和"≥最小三分位数"2组,建立以BMD为因变量的二元逻辑回归模型,分析HEI-2015及构成HEI-2015的13个食物或营养素组件与BMD之间的关系.结果:全变量模型中,较高水平的HEI-2015得分对腰椎骨密度呈危害效应,HEI-2015的Q4水平(OR=1.255,95％CI:1.253～1.256)对骨密度危害作用最大.在构成HEI-2015 的推荐组件中,水果总量(OR=0.922,95％CI:0.921～0.923)、蔬菜和豆类(OR=0.913,95％CI:0.912～0.914)、全谷物(OR=0.828,95％CI:0.827～0.83)、海鲜和植物蛋白(OR=0.931,95％CI:0.93～0.932)及脂肪酸(OR=0.834,95％CI:0.833～0.835)均为BMD的保护因素;在适当组件中,摄入不超过限制标准的精制谷物(OR=0.909,95％CI:0.908～0.91)和添加糖(OR=0.884,95％CI:0.883～0.885)为 BMD 的保护因素.结论:更严格地遵守美国膳食指南,获得更高的HEI-2015分数,与较低的美国成年人骨密度有关.

Zein-quercetagetin-chondroitin sulfate (Zein-Que-CS) composite nanoparticles with different compositions were successfully fabricated using a novel antisolvent co-precipitation method. The mean particle diameter (97.5 to 219.4 nm), negative surface potential (-29.9 to-51.1 mV), and turbidity (265 to 370 NTU) of suspensions of Zein-Que nanoparticles increased after the addition of CS. Electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, and hy-drophobic attraction were the main driving forces for the formation of the composite nanoparticles. The encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of the quercetagetin within the Zein-Que-CS (100:10:30) nano -particles were 91.6 % and 6.1 %, respectively. The photostability and thermal stability of the encapsulated quercetagetin were 3.4-and 3.2-fold higher than that of the free form. The nanoparticles had good resistance to sedimentation and exhibited slow-release properties under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. The Zein-Que-CS nanoparticles developed in this study may therefore be useful for the encapsulation, protection, and delivery of quercetagetin.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of the family-centered empowerment model (FECM) on reducing anxiety, improving care ability, and readiness for hospital discharge of main caregivers of preterm infants.MethodsThe primary caregivers of preterm infants who were admitted to the Neonatal intensive care Unit (NICU) of our center from September 2021 to April 2022 were selected as the research objects. According to the wishes of the primary caregivers of preterm infants, they were divided into group A (FECM group) and group B (non-FECM group). The intervention effects were evaluated with the Anxiety Screening Scale (GAD-7), the Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale-Parent Version (RHDS-Parent Form), and the Primary Caregivers of Premature Infants Assessment of Care Ability Questionnaire.ResultsBefore the intervention, there was no statistically significant difference in the general information, anxiety screening, the scores of each dimension, and total score of the comprehensive ability of the main caregivers, and the score of caregiver preparedness between the two groups (P > 0.05). After the intervention, there were statistically significant differences in the anxiety screening, the total score and total score of each dimension of the care ability, and the score of caregiver preparedness between the two groups (P < 0.05).ConclusionsFECM can effectively reduce the anxiety of primary caregivers of premature infants and improve their readiness for hospital discharge and care ability. To improve the quality of life of premature infants by implementing personalized training, care guidance, and peer support.

目的:调查新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情期间中学生对防疫的认知和防疫行为的规范性,探索疫情下中学生戴口罩、洗手及一般健康行为的影响因素.方法:采用自行编制的网络问卷调查武汉市21所初高中在校学生的防疫相关健康行为,调查中学生的健康行为良好性,并利用二元逻辑回归分析初高中学生健康行为的影响因素.结果:本次研究共调查6 858名初高中生,平均年龄(14.5±1.5)岁,其中,男性3 584名,占总人群的52.3％.年级、父母教育和问卷提交时间与学生的三种健康行为均相关(P＜0.05).初中生的洗手行为和一般健康行为优于高中生(P＜0.05);中学生父母的教育水平对其防疫相关健康行为的良好性有显著影响(P＜0.05).结论:针对中学生的防疫健康教育仍需加强,学校应着重关注高中生以及父母教育程度较低的学生的防疫知识学习.

Plant proteins are high-quality dietary components of food products. With the growing interest in sustainable and healthy food alternatives, plant proteins have gained significant attention as viable substitutes for animal-based proteins. Understanding the diversity of protein sources derived from plants, novel processing technology, and multiple applications is crucial for developing nutritious and sustainable plant protein-based products. This Review summarizes the natural sources of traditional and emerging plant proteins. The classifications, processing technologies, and applications of plant protein-based products in the food industry are explicitly elucidated. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of plant protein-based food products are revealed. Strategies such as protein fortification and complementation to overcome these shortcomings are critically discussed. We also demonstrate several issues that need to be addressed in future development.

Few epidemiological studies have investigated the relationship between flavonoids and diabetic nephropathy (DN). Therefore, we explored the association between dietary flavonoid intake and DN among 1949 US adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2008, 2009-2010, and 2017-2018. Weighted logistic regression models demonstrated that the total flavonoid intake in the second (OR: 0.642; 95% CI: 0.456-0.906), third (OR: 0.665; 95% CI: 0.447-0.988), and the highest (OR: 0.551; 95% CI: 0.382-0.796) quantiles (versus the lowest) were associated with the decreased risk of DN. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses showed that the total flavonoid intake had a negative linear association with DN (p-value for non-linearity was 0.003). Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression analyses revealed that flavan-3-ols, flavones, and anthocyanidins were the main contributors for the combined effects of six flavonoid subclasses. Our findings suggested that higher dietary flavonoid intake was associated with a decreased risk of DN, with the greatest influence coming from flavan-3-ols, flavones, and anthocyanidins.

Objective The study aims to find a suitable obesity index for predicting hyperuricemia（HUA）in Chinese adults. Methods The obesity indexes of 8 133 subjects in China Health and Nutrition Survey in 2009 were calculated, and the basic situation of them was analyzed descriptively.χ~2 test and t test were used to test the differences of categorical variables and continuous variables between the HUA group and the non-HUA group.The area under the curve（AUC） and receiver operating characteristic（ROC） curves were used to analyze the predictive value of these indices for HUA.Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between obesity and HUA. Results Demographic covariates, prevalence and Body Mass Index（BMI） all have impacts on the prevalence of HUA.Obesity indexes have a good predictive effect on HUA,and the Lipid Accumulation Product（LAP） is the best(AUC=0.77（95% CI [0.75,0.78]）.Obesity indexes all have a significant correlation with HUA.When covariates were not adjusted, LAP had the highest OR value（OR=5.87,95% CI [5.08,6.77]）. Conclusion LAP index is significantly related to HUA,and it can be used as an emerging index to assess the prevalence of HUA in Chinese adults.