The occurrence of antibiotics as contaminants in the aquatic and terrestrial environments has become a serious threat to the environment owing to the possibility of causing antimicrobial resistance and altering ecological balance. In this study, an efficient strategy has been adopted to create metal-containing organic crystalline composites of Cu@OC and Ag@OC (Cu/Ag : OC = 1 : 1, 1 : 2, and 1 : 3) by incorporating Cu2+ and Ag+ ions into the supramolecular structure of tris(2-carboxyethyl)isocyanurate (OC-1). The formation of these crystalline composites has been confirmed by structural characterization techniques such as FTIR, PXRD, SEM-EDX, and XPS, along with elemental analysis. Regarding the prepared materials, Cu@OC-1 showed a highly significant quenching ability for MTZ, with an efficiency of 97.65%, a Stern-Volmer constant of 3.04 & times; 104 M-1, and a detection limit of 0.547 ppm. As for Ag@OC-1, it performed well for RXM sensing, with a quenching efficiency of 94.60% and a detection limit of 1.590 ppm. Additionally, Cu@OC-1 demonstrated high photocatalytic performance in the photodegradation of RhB under solar light, achieving 98.24% degradation efficiency in 150 minutes. Pseudo-first-order degradation kinetics were found to be applicable to the process. Radicals involved included O2(center dot)- and (OH)-O-center dot, which were the main dominant reactive intermediates. The incorporation of Cu and Ag ions has also resulted in considerable improvements in antibacterial properties against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. Because of their ability to sense, catalyze under light, and destroy microbes, the metal-containing organic crystal composites constitute potential multi-functional materials for various environmental monitoring and remediation applications, including antibacterial applications.

Wearable electronics require flexible and sustainable power sources, while conventional batteries suffer from limited lifespan, rigidity, and environmental concerns. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) offer a promising alternative by harvesting mechanical energy from human motion and enabling self-powered sensing through stimulus-induced electrical signals. To address the requirements of wearable applications, textile-based TENGs (T-TENGs) have emerged by integrating triboelectric functionality with flexible textile structures; however, conventional fabrication strategies involving chemical treatments, polymer coatings, or adhesive electrodes often compromise flexibility and durability. In this work, a high-performance T-TENG is developed using a flexible and scalable core-sheath braided yarn (CSBY), consisting of commercial multifilament nylon as the dielectric sheath and silver-plated nylon as the conductive core. This approach, which utilizes commercially available yarns without any additional coating or chemical post-treatment, enhances the mechanical robustness and electrical stability of the device. The optimized 2 × 2 Rib T-TENG exhibits superior performance, generating an output voltage and current of ~65 V and ~ 6.5 μA, respectively, under an applied force of 16 N at 8 Hz, with a maximum power density of 26 mW/m2 at 7 MΩ. In addition, the T-TENG successfully charges capacitors and powers a series of 40 LEDs and is integrated into a wearable knee sleeve for self-powered motion monitoring. Combined with a custom-designed wireless readout system, the device enables detection of knee joint angles, cycling speeds, and daily activities such as walking and squatting. These results highlight the dual functionality of the CSBY-based T-TENG as an efficient mechanical energy harvester and versatile self-powered sensing platform, demonstrating its potential for next-generation wearable electronics and smart textile applications.

Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles have been integrated into fabrics in the aerospace and automotive industries to enhance their properties, such as UV protection, strength, and stability. Nanoparticles like silver, zinc oxide, and titanium dioxide increase the surface area of a fabric, improving its interaction with fibers and extending its lifespan. These nanoparticles also contribute to energy efficiency and security, with aluminium oxide enhancing flame-retardant properties. These metal nanoparticles can also provide antibacterial capabilities. By creating lightweight materials, these nanoparticles help to promote fuel economy and reduce carbon emissions. The fields of nanoscience and nanotechnology have seen significant advances in recent years, driving innovation across various sectors. Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles are notable for their versatile properties and applications in various fields such as the medicine, mechanics, aerospace, textile, and automotive industries. Their unique characteristics, including high surface area, catalytic activity, and tunability, have led to improvements in aerospace and automotive textiles by enhancing their performance, durability, and functionality. This chapter explores the principles of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles and their roles in the aerospace and automotive textile industries. It also explores different techniques such as finishing and coating to create functional fabrics for the aerospace and automotive industries. This overview highlights the significant impact of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles on the advancement of technical textiles for the aerospace and automotive sectors.

The increasing integration and miniaturization of electronic systems have intensified concerns related to electromagnetic interference (EMI), creating a demand for lightweight and processable shielding materials. In this work, the EMI shielding and electrical properties of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) nanocomposites containing carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanofibers (CNFs), and reduced graphene oxide-carbon nanotube (rGO-CNT) nanofillers were systematically investigated. Nanocomposites were fabricated via melt and solution mixing to evaluate the effect of dispersion on conductive network formation, shielding effectiveness (SET), and volume resistivity. At 2 wt% filler loading, solution-processed CNT/LLDPE and CNF/LLDPE nanocomposites achieved SET values of similar to 9 and similar to 9.5 dB, respectively, with volume resistivity on the order of 108 Omega cm, indicating improved conductive network formation. Notably, CNT-based nanocomposites exhibit comparatively improved electrical conductivity due to their higher aspect ratio and ability to form more efficient conductive networks than CNFs. In contrast, melt-processed composites exhibited higher resistivity and lower shielding performance due to filler agglomeration and discontinuous conductive pathways. The hybrid rGO-CNT system (1 wt% rGO + 1 wt% CNT) further reduced resistivity (similar to 10(7) Omega cm) in solution-processed samples, demonstrating enhanced conductive network formation. These results highlight the role of nanofiller selection and processing strategy in developing lightweight EMI shielding materials.

Fe and Ag-engineered zinc-based coordination polymer composites were developed via post-synthetic modification and explored for integrated fluorescence sensing and sunlight-driven photocatalysis in aqueous systems. The parent framework, {[Zn(BPMEDA)I]22+& sdot;2I3-}n (Zinc-CP), was resynthesized at ambient conditions using Zn(II) and a flexible BPMEDA ligand. Structural and surface features were confirmed through SCXRD, PXRD, FTIR, SEM, EDAX, Elemental mapping, and XPS. In aqueous fluorescence assays, Ag@Zinc-CP exhibited highly selective quenching toward 2,4-D-amine salt (DAS) with 90.05% efficiency, Ksv= 5.92 & times; 104 M-1 (R2 = 0.97393), and LOD = 0.995 ppm. Fe@Zinc-CP showed superior response toward fenoxaprop-P-ethyl (FNO) (91.80%, Ksv= 1.77 & times; 104 M-1, R2 = 0.98994, LOD = 1.057 ppm), while pristine Zinc-CP preferentially detected glyphosate (89.01%). The systems retained selectivity in mixed analytes and stability over five cycles. Under natural sunlight, Fe@Zinc-CP enabled 92.63% degradation of FNO within 120 min (blank: 1.08%), following pseudo-first-order kinetics (k = 0.021228 min-1), with optimal activity at 2 mg/dL and pH 7. Additionally, Ag@Zinc-CP exhibited the lowest MIC values of <= 150 ppm and <= 200 ppm against S. aureus and E. coli, respectively, underscoring its strong antimicrobial efficacy. This increased activity likely stems from the strong synergistic interaction between the BPMEDA ligand, the Zn2+ center, and the incorporated Ag+ ions. The above given findings display the composites to be versatile platforms for sensing, degradation, and microbial control simultaneously.

The antibacterial characteristics of nanoparticles serve as a crucial factor in combating infections, whereas their textural properties determine their interaction with biological systems. In this study, zinc stannate nanostructures, such as nanocubes, nanoplatelets, nanoparticles, nanorods, and polyhedrals, were synthesized by an economic hydrothermal approach and were morphologically and structurally characterized by transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The adsorption-desorption isotherms indicated a substantially high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of 91.995 m2g− 1 for nanoparticles and 45.259 m2g− 1 for the polyhedral morphology of zinc stannate. All the obtained morphologies for zinc stannate are considered as mesoporous materials, as concluded from Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) pore size distribution. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value for these nanostructures was determined against Gram-negative (E. coli) and Gram-positive (S. aureus) bacteria. The lowest MIC values of 4 mg/L and 8 mg/L were recorded for nanorods and nanoparticles, respectively, against E. coli, while the highest MIC value of 2048 mg/L was recorded for polyhedra morphology against S. aureus bacteria. The observations obtained from the time-kill assay in terms of optical density of bacteria at 600 nm (OD600) are in synchronization with MIC value calculations and showed a good correlation with the fitted dose-response curve, with an R2 value of 0.993. The present investigation has shown that the antibacterial activity of zinc stannate nanostructures is significantly influenced by their crystal phase and morphology-related characteristics, including surface area, pore volume, and pore size distribution.

Herein, we report the one-step hydrothermal synthesis of zinc stannate (ZnSnO3) nanorods by tuning the Zn2+/urea ratio. Simultaneously, it was observed that the optimal mineralizer concentration promoted the formation of high aspect ratio (similar to 7.95) nanorods by controlling the nucleation rate. The nanorods primarily exhibited an orthorhombic perovskite phase with slight traces of rhombohedral and face centred cubic perovskites. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) also described the lattice fringe spacings corresponding to specific crystal planes as observed in X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The growth of specific morphology is often governed by thermodynamics and kinetics, hence the influence of reaction temperature and duration was also investigated. The growth of nanorods is attributed to the interplay between Ostwald ripening in the nucleation stage and directional growth facilitated by urea. The synthesized nanorods demonstrated promising dielectric (average dielectric constant of similar to 43.01 +/- 3.11 and average dielectric loss of similar to 1.1 +/- 0.12 at 1 kHz) properties, frequency dependent ferroelectric behaviour and distinct piezoelectric properties (indirect piezoelectric coefficient of similar to 0.20 pm V-1).

The rise in mosquito-borne diseases highlights the need for sustainable solutions as conventional synthetic pesticides are effective but pose significant risks to human health and the environment. It emphasizes the urgency of adopting greener alternatives. This study deals with the unique synergy of biomass-derived coumalic acid (CA) and biocompatible branched polyethylenimine (bPEI), orchestrated through a layer-by-layer (L-b-L) self-assembly process into the cotton fabric. The presence of CA/bPEI in the treated fabric was meticulously characterized through different analytical techniques. The functionalized cotton fabric showed outstanding mosquito repellency (>95%) and significant antimicrobial efficiency against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria (>99%), along with very good antioxidant activity (>94%) and excellent UV protection factor (50+). In addition, the physicochemical parameters, such as air permeability, water vapor permeability, fabric stiffness, and breaking strength as well as color value (K/S) demonstrated the high efficacy of the L-b-L coating. Functional properties of the treated cotton fabric remained stable even after 25 home launderings and after one year of storage, establishing its durability. Based on the obtained results, it is conclusive that the L-b-L-coated fabric can be effectively employed as a multifunctional textile substrate to protect human beings from mosquito biting and prevent microbial growth, along with its excellent ability to scavenge free radical and UV protection with zero toxic effect.

To impart flame-retardant (FR) properties to cotton fabric in a sustainable way, various biomacromolecules such as DNA, casein, and sodium lignin sulfonate (SLS) have been explored in the recent past. However, the high add-on percentage requirement of these molecules on fabric surface to obtain the desirable effect makes the fabric stiffer and also the property lacks durability. To address these issues, in the present study, a sustainable biomass-based FR agent has been synthesized by phosphorylation reaction of SLS. The synthesized phosphorylated sodium lignin sulfonate (PSLS) has been incorporated into cotton fabric through a novel and facile method wherein the cyanuric chloride acts as a cross-linker between cellulose and PSLS. The PSLS compound treated substrate with an add-on percentage of 10 has shown Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) of 30 which has been reduced by 16 % only even after 25 washings, indicating that the treated fabric retains its flame-retardant properties after multiple washing. Additionally, the finished fabric has exhibited self-extinguishing behavior with no afterglow. Besides its flame-retardant efficacy, the treated fabric has demonstrated durable antibacterial activities (nearly 100 % efficiency). The finished fabric has shown UV ray protection with an ultra-violet protection factor (UPF) of 50+ and has offered 91 % antioxidant properties, both of which can remain effective after multiple launderings. This eco-friendly, sustainable, biomass-based FR agent has bestowed a new avenue to make cotton fabric flame-retardant along with incorporation of other multifunctionalities, all without the use of any hazardous chemicals.

The development of scalable, high-performance electrode materials is critical for advancing bioelectrochemical systems (BES) for sustainable wastewater treatment and energy recovery. In this study, a flexible electrode was fabricated by integrating polyaniline (PANI) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) onto a polyester microfiber nonwoven (PMN) substrate through dip-coating and AC electrochemical polymerization. The resulting PANI/CNT/PMN electrode exhibited superior mechanical flexibility, electrochemical activity, and mesoporous architecture (BET surface area: 3.2212 m(2)/g; pore diameter: 65.96 nm), providing an optimized interface for biofilm attachment, electron transfer, and mass transport. Electrochemical characterization revealed current and power densities of 500 +/- 6.5 mA/m(2) and 1500 +/- 4.5 mW/m(2), respectively, along with pollutant removal efficiencies of similar to 85.9 % COD, similar to 81.06 % TOC, and similar to 82.7 % dye decolorization. Advanced biofilm analyses, including 16S rRNA sequencing, revealed the presence of a filamentous and nanowire-producing uncultured Lysinibacillus strain, which dominated the electroactive biofilm on both PANI/CNT/PMN and carbon cloth electrodes. This strain was identified as a critical contributor to the observed high-power densities through its efficient extracellular electron transfer mechanisms. While a diverse microbial consortium, also contributed to biodegradation, the dominance of the Lysinibacillus strain underscored the enrichment of a high-power density electroactive biofilm tailored to BES conditions. During wastewater treatment, the electroactive biofilm secreted malonic acid, a key metabolic byproduct, highlighting its potential for resource recovery alongside pollutant removal. Spectroscopic and surface analyses, including Raman, FTIR, and ToF-SIMS, confirmed the redox activity and chemical stability of the electrode, while spatial mapping revealed the distribution of microbial metabolites and biofilm components. Integration of the PANI/CNT/PMN electrodes modified with twelve different nanomaterials and thin films into a Multi-Electrode Assembly Bioelectrochemical Reactor (MEABR) demonstrated material-specific microbial enrichment and enhanced pollutant degradation during real textile wastewater treatment. Coupling the MEABR with a Bio-Photovoltaic (BPV) cell established an energy-positive configuration, integrating efficient pollutant degradation with renewable energy generation. This study explores the potential of the PANI/CNT/PMN flexible electrode in advancing BES technologies for industrial wastewater treatment and resource recovery. Further research should focus on optimizing electrode architecture and microbial community dynamics, including the role of filamentous Lysinibacillus, to enhance system performance and scalability.

The textile industry is rapidly evolving to meet growing consumer demands for advanced, functional products. While traditional textiles have improved in mechanical strength, durability, and attributes like flame retardancy, cotton fabrics remain vulnerable to microbial degradation due to moisture retention. This study presents a novel approach that utilizes boron nitride (BN) and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) to impart antimicrobial properties to cotton fabrics. Silver-decorated BN (BN-Ag) was synthesized and functionalized with carboxyl groups, enabling strong ester bond formation with cotton cellulose, significantly enhancing antimicrobial efficacy against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, 99.57%) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli, 99.64%). The BN-Ag treated fabric exhibited impressive antioxidant activity (51.78%) and ultraviolet (UV) protection (98.39% for UVA and 98.4% for UVB), surpassing untreated cotton. Furthermore, thermal resistance was reduced by 21.23%, indicating improved heat dissipation for smart textile applications. UV protection factor (UPF) analysis classified BN-Ag fabrics as excellent UV protectors (UPF 62.56). Long-term stability assessments revealed that the fabrics maintained antimicrobial efficacy (97.61% against S. aureus and 97.11% against E. coli) and antioxidant activity (43.73%) after six months with 20 home washes, demonstrating the durability of functional properties. This innovative approach promises to revolutionize textile materials, enhancing properties and performance for diverse applications.

Cotton, due to its abundance, low cost, and extensive use in textile manufacturing, is a promising material for textile triboelectric nanogenerators (T-TENGs); however, its position in the neutral region of the triboelectric series results in lower triboelectric performance. This study addressed this limitation by treating cotton with polyethyleneimine (PEI) via scalable pad-dry method. The PEI treatment enhanced tribo-positivity and provided its additional benefits, like antibacterial (83.33 %) and antioxidant (74.2 %) properties. In this work, we explored PEI-treated cotton fabric for T-TENG devices aimed at energy harvesting, self-powered electronics, and physiological movement monitoring. The 10 % PEI-treated cotton T-TENG demonstrated a significant increase in electrical performance, with increments in output voltage and current by 3.4-fold (from similar to 30 V to similar to 103 V) and 3.27-fold (from similar to 3.36 mu A to similar to 11 mu A), respectively, under a contact pressure of 16 N (25.6 kPa) and a frequency of 8 Hz. Additionally, the device achieved a maximum power density of similar to 1600 mW/m(2) at 10 M Omega resistance. The device's practical applications were demonstrated through its ability to charge capacitors of various capacitance values, power a series of more than 70 LEDs and operate off-the-shelf electronics like wristwatch, digital timer, and humidity sensor. Additionally, the T-TENG functioned as a pressure sensor, in monitoring joint movements when attached to body joints (e.g., wrist, elbow, shoulder, knee), offering applications in athlete motion tracking. This study provided a new pathway for developing flexible, cost-effective, and biocompatible T-TENGs, advancing their potential for energy harvesting and self-powered sensing in wearable technologies.

Silver nanoparticles have garnered significant attention in research due to their numerous advantageous qualities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Several methods have been employed previously to produce these nanoparticles, but green synthesis has gained prominence due to its lack of harmful byproducts. In this study, stable and biocompatible lignin-capped silver nanoparticles (LS-AgNPs) have been synthesized using a green approach that utilized nontoxic sodium lignosulfonate as both the reducing and capping agents. Various process parameters, such as pH, temperature, time, and raw material concentration have been optimized to simplify, accelerate and mould the synthesis activity easy and eco-friendly. The morphology and dimensions of the prepared lignin-capped silver nanoparticles (LS-AgNPs) have been characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, particle size analyser, X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy. The produced nanoparticles have an average diameter of 24 nm and a FCC crystalline structure that is capped with lignin components. MBC of LS-AgNPs has been found 4 and 6 ppm against S. aureus and E. coli bacteria, respectively. The IC50 value for antioxidant property has been found 34.37 mu g/mL. In summary, the prepared LS-AgNPs have exhibited a synergistic effect resulting from the combination of lignosulfonate and silver particles. The synergistic effect not only enhances antimicrobial activity and antioxidant property remarkably, this approach enables the utilization of biobased silver nanoparticles for various applications with its requirement of minimal quantity to have much lowered toxicity compared to pure silver nanoparticles.

In this study, we report the synthesis and comprehensive characterization of a new calcium-based metal-organic framework, {[Ca(Cei)(H2O)2]3H2O}n (Ca-MOF), using bis(2-carboxyethyl)isocyanurate (H2Cei) as the organic linker. The Ca-MOF and its silver-doped derivative (Ag@Ca-MOF) were characterized in detail using single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDAX), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Raman spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which confirmed the successful incorporation of silver ions. Photocatalytic studies revealed that Ag@Ca-MOF-2 exhibited superior degradation efficiency for Bisphenol A (BPA) under visible light (92.81%) compared to the undoped Ca-MOF (37.52%). Antimicrobial assays demonstrated enhanced activity of Ag@Ca-MOF-2, achieving minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of <= 128 mg L-1 against Staphylococcus aureus and a MIC of <= 128 mg L-1 and MBC of <= 256 mg L-1 against Escherichia coli, surpassing the Ca-MOF, which showed MIC and MBC values of <= 256 mg L-1 and <= 512 mg L-1, respectively, for both bacterial strains. Additionally, Ag@Ca-MOF-2 displayed an enhanced antioxidant capacity in the DPPH radical scavenging assay relative to the parent MOF. Furthermore, Ag@Ca-MOF-2 demonstrated a detection limit of 1.164 ppm for BPA in aqueous media, underscoring its potential as a multifunctional material with promising applications in environmental remediation and biomedical contaminant detection.

The worsening climate crisis has prompted a call to reduce the use of hazardous chemicals and promote eco-friendly finishing agents for value-added textiles. Therefore, exploring the right biomolecule-based finish with excellent multifunctional properties and wash durability is essential in today's world. Through a sustainable approach, quercetin (a flavonoid) is proposed as a finishing agent on cotton substrates at three different treatment temperatures, i.e., 80 degrees C, 100 degrees C, and 120 degrees C. All treated fabrics show excellent antioxidant and ultra-violet resistance properties. The cotton fabric treated at 120 degrees C shows antioxidant activity of similar to 85% and an ultra-violet protection factor (UPF mean value) of similar to 150 with a 50+ rating after 8 laundering cycles. The best antibacterial performance (similar to 90% against E. coli and similar to 92% against S. aureus) is observed when treated at 80 degrees C. However, there is a decrement in the antibacterial properties against both bacteria with an increase in the treatment temperature. This study provides a detailed analysis of the multi-functional properties of quercetin on cotton fabrics and also systematically presents the variation of functional properties with changes in the treatment conditions. This systematic study is highly focused, as the fragmented and oxidative quercetin by-products formed at different conditions play major roles in the wash durability and multi-functional properties. This novel and simple eco-friendly textile finishing method can certainly facilitate the adoption of biomolecule-based materials to imbue multiple functionalities to cotton fabric with reasonable wash durability.

Multifunctional finishing agents for textiles are the primary need for the current scenario. To provide a multifunctional effect to textiles, one or more finishing agents are required, which have generally compatibility issues. Natural substance-based finishing agents have the disadvantage of reproducibility and higher add-on percentage is required, which hamper the basic useful properties of textiles. Synthetic material-based multifunctional agents have problems of biocompatibility and have adverse effects on the environment. Recently, vanillin has been explored exponentially in the pharmaceutical industry. Vanillin is a small magical molecule having very interesting properties. In this research, comparative studies of vanillin and its derivatives have been summarized and discussed in detail. Vanillin has excellent biocompatibility, and is eco-friendly in nature. In-situ synthesis of other derivatives of vanillin has been discussed. Further, vanillin and its derivatives have been integrated into polyester (PET) textiles and their functional properties have been studied in detail. It was observed that vanillin derivatives have good wash durability and excellent functional properties in comparison to vanillin alone. Copper complex of vanillin having excellent functional properties has the potential to be explored in various application areas of textiles such as hospitals, sport textiles, hotels, etc. The main advantage of these novel finishing agents is that they require very low add-on percentage that does not hamper the basic physical properties of textiles and provide excellent functional properties such as antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity, fragrance, UV resistance, and attractive colouration.

This work reports the synthesis and detailed characterization of a zinc-based metal-organic framework, [Zn (Cei)]n (Zn-MOF), constructed using bis(2-carboxyethyl) isocyanurate (H2Cei) as the ligand, alongside its silver-doped variants (Ag@Zn-MOF-n, where n = 1-3). Comprehensive analyses, including XPS, PXRD, SEM, EDX mapping, Raman spectroscopy, and FTIR, confirmed the successful incorporation of silver ions into the Zn-MOF framework. The photoluminescent sensing capabilities of Ag@Zn-MOF-2 were explored for detecting dimethoate (DMA) and ethion (ETH) insecticides, achieving excellent quenching efficiencies, with detection limits of 2.109 ppm and 2.229 ppm, respectively. The photocatalytic activity of Ag@Zn-MOF-2 was also investigated for the degradation of the insecticides under visible light, where Ag@Zn-MOF-2 demonstrated a significantly higher degradation efficiency (91.37%) for ETH compared to the undoped Zn-MOF (31.89%). Antimicrobial studies revealed that Ag@Zn-MOF-2 exhibited improved activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli, with MIC and MBC values of <= 128 mg/L for S. aureus and <= 256 mg/L for E. coli, surpassing the performance of the undoped Zn-MOF. Furthermore, Ag@Zn-MOF-2 showed enhanced antioxidant activity in the DPPH radical scavenging assay compared to the parent Zn-MOF. These results underscore the versatility of Ag@Zn-MOF-2 as a multifunctional material for applications in environmental remediation, pollutant detection, and in the field of biological activity.