Biological membranes containing transmembrane channels play a crucial role in numerous cellular processes, and mimicking of cell membrane has garnered significant interest in various biomedical applications, particularly nanopore sequencing technology,...

Polybenzimidazole membranes with excellent size-sieving and plasticization resistance have attracted extensive attention for helium recovery from natural gas. Herein, we present a novel approach to fabricating polybenzimidazole membranes with exceptional gas selectivities and enhanced plasticization resistance. The strategy involves in-situ crosslinking of triptycene-containing polybenzimidazole membranes using 1,3,5-benzenetricarbonyl trichloride as the crosslinking agent. The crosslinking process tightens the polymer chains, resulting in reduced inter-segmental distance and fractional free volume, which significantly boosts the He/CH4 and He/N2 selectivities compared to non-crosslinked triptycene-containing polybenzimidazole membranes. The TPBI@CL24 membrane exhibits a high mixed-gas He/CH4 selectivity of 465 under a ternary 0.3:49.4:50.3 He/CO2/CH4 (v/v/ v) mixture at 100 PSIA and 35 degrees C. Moreover, the microporosity is feasibly tailored by controlling the crosslinking degree. Notably, the TPBI@CLx membranes demonstrate remarkable plasticization resistance under highpressure three-component mixed-gas feed. The TPBI@CL24 membrane experiences only a 9 % decrease in the mixed-gas He/CH4 selectivity when the feed pressure increases from 100 to 500 PSIA at 35 degrees C, rendering the TPBI@CLx membranes with versatile separation performance applicable for industrial He recovery from natural gas.

Smart responsive nanofiltration (NF) membranes generated widespread interest for their ability to dynamically regulate permselectivity during operation according to the requirements of the separation. However, the reported smart membranes were usually impeded by limited stability as the problem of compatibility between conductive materials and a polymer membrane. Herein, we report a high-performance electrically responsive polyamide (PA) membrane for molecular NF by introducing an oligoaniline of amino-capped aniline trimer (AT) involved in the formation of a PA membrane. The membranes were prepared via interfacial polymerization (IP) of AT and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) on a porous substrate. The influence of AT, TMC, and dopant of the AT concentration on the membrane performance was systematically investigated. The results demonstrate that the introduction of AT significantly enhances the molecular separation performance of the membranes. The fabricated membranes exhibit excellent rejection toward small organic molecules while maintaining high water permeance and excellent long-term stability. Moreover, the membranes show remarkable electrocyclic responsiveness, allowing for effective control of the rejection rate by applying an external electric field. The improved performance of the membranes is attributed to the unique electrical and structural properties of AT doping by ionic liquids. Our findings provide valuable insights for the development of high-performance molecular nanofiltration membranes.

The conventional extraction of rare earth (RE) with alkali saponification consumes plenty of alkalis and produces enormous salt effluents. Herein, we propose a novel environmental-friendly non-saponified RE extraction process facilitated by acid-resistant nanofiltration (NF) membranes, in which the non-saponified organic phase directly extracts with RE feed by the multi-stage cross-current approach and the exchanged acid in the raffinate is removed by the acid-resistant NF membrane. The deacidified raffinate is reused as the feed of the non-saponified extraction. The obtained acid solution can be used for leaching or scrubbing after concentration. The feed concentration of the non-saponified extraction was optimized, and a high RE concentration of 0.21 mol L-1 in the organic phase and an average extraction rate of 89.9% were obtained with a 0.1 mol L-1 feed RE concentration. 99% of the acid in the raffinate was removed by acid-resistant NF under a RECl3 concentration of 4.9 g L-1, along with a recovered pH value of ~3, resulting in a high total RE yield of 99.6%. The acid-resistant NF facilitated non-saponified extraction featuring high atom economy, absence of alkalis consumption and salinity effluent emission, and eco-recycle of the raffinate render the separation of RE elements a versatilely sustainable and green process.

混合基质膜结合了无机填充材料和聚合物组分的双重优势,被认为是一种可同时增加渗透性和选择性的新型方法,有望解决传统聚合物膜的Trade-off效应.混合基质膜的气体分离性能主要依赖无机填充材料的分子筛分性质和高分子本身的化学结构,因此适当选择无机填充材料对于制备高性能的混合基质膜十分重要.金属有机骨架(MOF)作为一种新型多孔填料,具有比表面积大、密度小、孔隙率高和孔尺寸可调等优点,因此在气体吸附分离和气体储存等领域应用广泛,为新型混合基质膜带来良好的发展机遇.但混合基质膜的分离性能并不是简单地两相性能相加,在大多数情况下分离性能远低于材料模拟的预测理论值,造成这种非理想性的关键因素之一是MOF晶体和聚合物之间的界面缺陷,这可能导致界面非选择性空隙的形成、聚合物硬化和孔隙堵塞等界面问题,降低膜的分离性能.因此,实现MOF-聚合物基质间的界面作用调控以改善界面相容性是充分发挥MOF基混合基质膜气体分离潜力的关键.本工作综述了MOF基混合基质膜近五年关于不同类型界面作用调控的方法及策略,及其对气体分离性能的影响.最后,总结构建的界面作用对于混合基质膜性能的正面影响并提出当中存在的问题,为混合基质膜未来的发展提供指导,并激励研究人员采取更多的策略来解决目前的挑战.

The fabrication of highly acid-resistant nanofiltration (NF) membranes with excellent separation performance via interfacial polymerization remains challenging due to the lack of precise pore architecture manipulation. Herein, novel acid-resistant nanofiltration membranes were fabricated based on benzene-1,3,5-trisulfonyl chloride (BTSC), which holds the characteristic resonant pi-backbonding structure and high steric hindrance, by interfacial polymerizing with polyethyleneimine (PEI) and piperazine (PIP) on the polyethersulfone (PES) substrate. The as-prepared PIP-BTSC/PES and PEI-BTSC/PES membranes displayed sub-nanometer pore sizes of 0.62 and 0.65 nm, respectively, with much narrower pore size distribution than the conventional acid-resistant NF membranes. Notably, the PEI-BTSC-H/PES membrane exhibited an MgCl2 rejection of 95.5 % and a high permeance of 43.5 L h-1 m- 2 bar-1. Besides, the PEI-BTSC/PES membrane exhibited excellent acid-resistance in the 72-day static acid soaking test and dynamic acid permeation experiment. Density functional theory calculation revealed that the outstanding acid-resistance of BTSC was ascribed to the much higher hydrolyzation energy barrier of the pol-ysulfonamide than conventional polyamide.

The recovery of helium from natural gas using membranes has attracted substantial attention, while very limited polymers were spun into hollow fibers and evaluated for realistic helium recovery. This work demonstrates the successful preparation of asymmetric and highly helium-selective hollow fiber membranes for the enrichment of helium from natural gas. A novel, aromatic copolyimide was designed and fabricated into hollow fiber membranes (HFMs) via the dry-jet/wet-quench spinning approach. The as-prepared HFMs display a He permeance of 85 GPU and high He-related gas selectivities of 140, 204, 448, and 609 for He/N2, He/CH4, He/C2H6, and He/C3H8 gas pairs, respectively. Particularly, ternary and quaternary mixed-gas permeation results reveal excellent light and heavy hydrocarbon resistance due to the competition between plasticization and gas sorption. The HFMs also demonstrated superior low-temperature gas separation performance and outstanding membrane gas separation stability, rendering them attractive for helium recovery.

Tailoring the microporous architecture of the precursors facilitates the gas separation performance in carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membranes. Herein, we report a facile strategy to tune the gas separation performance of CMS membranes through coordination between rare earth and imidazoles in the hierarchical triptycene-based polybenzimidazole (TPBI) precursor. By optimizing the pyrolysis condition and rare earth doping level, the resulting CMS membranes exhibited unprecedented H2 and He permeabilities and high gas selectivities, and the TPBI-Yb0.67@700 CMS membrane exhibited a 3-fold increase in H2 permeability and a 2-fold increase in H2/CO2 selectivity compared to the TPBI-CMS@700 CMS membrane. It was demonstrated by the solution/diffusion coefficients and microporosity analysis that the enhancement of gas separation performance originated from the more pronounced hierarchically slit-like micropore structure, as well as the boosted diffusion and sorption se-lectivities. The TPBI-Yb0.67@700 membrane displayed a H2 permeability of 8648 Barrer and a mixed-gas H2/CO2 selectivity of 14.5 at 150 degrees C, far exceeding the experimental CMS upper bound.

Herein, we develop and investigate the performance of defect-free hollow fiber membranes (HFMs) based on a novel 6FDA-mPDA0.65-DABA0.3-TFMB0.05 copolyimide for helium separation from multi-component natural gas. The copolyimide is synthesized using a two-step condensation polymerization, and the hollow fiber membranes are fabricated using a dry-jet/wet-quench spinning approach. Thermal crosslinking of hollow fiber membranes is conducted to enhance plasticization resistance. The crosslinked membranes exhibit improved He selectivity (alpha(He/CH4) = 259) compared to the pristine hollow fiber membrane (alpha(He/CH4) = 210). Gas permeation tests are performed on the pristine and crosslinked hollow fiber membranes using pure-gas and mixed-gas at various pressures. The results demonstrate that the crosslinked membranes effectively resist plasticization even under high-pressure gas feeds containing CO2, light hydrocarbons, and heavy hydrocarbons. In contrast, the uncros-slinked membranes experience plasticization, dramatically decreasing selectivity. The findings provide valuable insights into the plasticization behavior of different impurity compounds in hollow fiber membranes and highlight the potential of thermal crosslinking as an effective strategy to improve the plasticization resistance of HFMs for He recovery. These defect-free and plasticization-resistant membranes hold promise for efficient He recovery from mixed-gas streams, offering a viable and energy-efficient alternative to traditional separation methods.

The conventional extraction of rare-earth (RE) elementsby alkalisaponification consumes plenty of alkalis and produces enormous amountsof salt effluents. Herein, we proposed a novel environmentally friendlynonsaponified RE extraction process facilitated by an acid-resistantnanofiltration (NF) membrane, in which the nonsaponified organic phasedirectly is extracted with the RE feed repeatedly by a multistagecross-current approach and the exchanged acid in the raffinate isremoved by the acid-resistant NF membrane with the deacidified raffinaterecycled for nonsaponified extraction. Using YCl3 as themodel sample, the feed RE concentration of the nonsaponified extractionwas optimized in the range of 0.1-1.0 mol L-1, and a high RE concentration of 0.21 mol L-1 inthe organic phase and an average extraction rate of 89.8% were obtainedafter seven-stage extraction at a RE feed concentration of 0.1 molL(-1). In total, 99% of the acid in the raffinatewas removed by the commercial Duracid NF1812 acid-resistant NF membraneunder an optimized RECl3 concentration of 4.9 g L-1, along with a recovered pH value of & SIM;3, resulting in a hightotal RE yield of 99.6%. The acid-resistant NF-facilitated nonsaponifiedextraction process featuring a high RE extraction rate and organicRE concentration, the absence of alkali consumption and salinity effluentemission, and eco-recycling of the raffinate renders the separationof RE elements a versatilely sustainable and green process.

Controlling the diffusion of amine monomers plays a crucial role in fabricating well-defined architecture and high-performance nanofiltration (NF) membranes through interfacial polymerization (IP). Herein, a sustained-release strategy was proposed to regulate the interfacial polymerization through a zwitterionic liquid hydrogel transition layer. The hydrogel (Gel) was fabricated via in-situ one-step UV photo-initiated free-radical poly-merization between 1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazolium chloride ([VEIm][Cl]) and 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate potas-sium salt (SMP) on the polyethersulfone (PES) substrate. The polyamide (PA) layer was then formed on the Gel layer by mitigating the diffusion of amine monomers. Low-field time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD NMR) analysis demonstrated that the Gel layer significantly enhanced the water-absorbing capacity of the composite membrane. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) also confirmed the Gel-PA composite membrane possessed enlarged free volumes. The obtained Gel-PA composite membrane displayed a permeance of 13.22 L m- 2 h-1 bar-1, a high Na2SO4 rejection of 98.23 %, a favorable NaCl/Na2SO4 selectivity of 49.75, outstanding long-term operational stability, and membrane antifouling properties. This sustained-release strat-egy provides a facile and feasible approach to controlling the IP process and obtaining high-performance nanofiltration membranes.

This paper reports two new series of benzimidazole functionalized polyimides and ionic polyimides for highly selective membranes with great potential for natural gas sweetening. It has been demonstrated that both the -NH groups in the benzimidazole moieties and the corresponding ionic groups after N-quaternization tighten the microporous structure and restrict polymer chain mobility through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction. The BET surface areas and d-spacing values decrease with benzimidazole molar content or the degree of ionization. Consequently, a linear correlation between CO2 permeability coefficients with benzimidazole molar content or degree of ionization was observed due to the decrease of CO2 diffusivity, and the monotonic increase of CO2/CH4 selectivities is ascribed to the increase of both diffusivity selectivity and solubility selectivity. The benzimidazole-based copolyimide and the ionic copolyimide membranes exhibited high CO2/CH4 selectivity under high-pressure mixed-gas conditions. In particular, the copolyimide PI-0.75 membrane displayed a mixed gas CO2 permeability of 27 Barrer and CO2/CH4 selectivity of 47 at 20 bar total pressure. The performance was much higher than those of the state-of-the-art commercial cellulose triacetate membranes for natural gas upgrading. The facile polymer synthesis and microporosity tunability, as well as the excellent mixed-gas separation performance, render the copolyimide membranes in this study promising towards economic membrane mediated natural gas upgrading.

纳滤技术广泛应用于废水处理、水软化、食品加工及制药等行业,其中许多过程涉及酸性溶液的处理.商品化纳滤膜材料主要以聚酰胺为主,但聚酰胺在酸性环境中易水解而造成性能大幅下降,限制了其在酸性溶液中的应用,因此面向酸性溶液处理的耐酸纳滤膜应运而生.本文综述典型的耐酸膜材料,包括聚磺酰胺类、三嗪环类、磺化聚合物类和聚电解质类耐酸纳滤膜的研究进展和应用,重点分析了这几类膜材料的耐酸机理、膜结构调控规律以及如何通过构筑耐酸膜结构来实现膜耐酸性的提高.此外,本文还总结了耐酸纳滤膜在金属加工、矿业开采、造纸、食品加工及电镀等工业过程中的应用,为高性能耐酸纳滤膜的开发和应用提供指导.

设计制作了一套用于气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析极性有机物的在线衍生装置,并将其应用于大气颗粒物样品中极性有机物的检测。将大气颗粒物滤膜样品置于GC-MS进样口,通过使用套针组件,匀速引入气态衍生试剂N-甲基-N-（三甲基硅烷）三氟乙酰胺（MSTFA）,使其在衬管内于310℃下与待测物接触,10 min即可完成硅烷化在线反应。反应过程中,色谱柱箱保持低温,衍生产物得以在柱头保留,反应完成后色谱柱箱程序升温,使衍生产物直接进行后续分离检测。应用在线衍生装置建立有机酸分析方法,获得了一元酸、二元酸、芳香酸、醇等极性有机物的检测信息,涵盖了大气化学分析常见的大部分目标化合物。该方法检出限为0.02～0.53 mg/L,线性相关系数为0.976～0.996,日内、日间RSD为0.27%～7.28%,适用于批量大气环境样品检测。与传统离线衍生技术相比,本装置使衍生反应处于高温惰性气体氛围,排除空气中水分对衍生试剂的损耗和衍生产物降解风险,反应稳定、效率高;固体滤膜上有机物进行热解吸的同时完成在线衍生,样品需求量小,操作简单,零有机试剂污染,并有望应用于醇类、酚类等多种极性有机化合物的分析。此外,该装置搭建简单,可模块化设计,适用于不同品牌气相色谱仪,具有商业化推广前景。

As an attractive way to deal with fresh water shortage, membrane-based desalination technologies are receiving increased interest. However, concentrated seawater brine, in needing further treatment, remains a main obstacle for desalination via membrane technology. Here, a hybrid technology integrating pressure-retarded osmosis with activated sludge process (PRO-MBR) was applied for simultaneously treating concentrated seawater brine and municipal wastewater. Performance of the PRO-MBR, including water flux, power density, contaminants removal, and membrane fouling was evaluated and compared at two different membrane orientations (i.e., active layer facing feed solution (AL-FS) mode and active layer facing draw solution (AL-DS) mode). During the PRO-MBR process, the municipal wastewater was completely treated regardless of the membrane orientation, which means that there was no concentrated sewage needing further treatment, owing to the biodegradation of microorganisms in the bioreactor. In the meantime, the concentrated brine of seawater desalination was diluted into the salinity level of seawater, which met the standard of seawater discharge. Owing to the high rejection of forward osmosis (FO) membrane, the removal efficiency of total organic carbon (TOC), total phosphorus (TP), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), and total nitrogen (TN) was higher than 90% at both modes in the PRO-MBR. In addition, the PRO-MBR can simultaneously recover the existing osmotic energy between the municipal wastewater and the seawater brine at both modes. Compared with the AL-DS mode, the AL-FS mode took a shorter time and achieved a bigger power density to reach the same terminal point of the PRO-MBR owing to a better water flux performance. Furthermore, the membrane fouling was much more severe in the AL-DS mode. In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that the PRO-MBR at the AL-FS mode can be a promising and sustainable brine concentrate and municipal wastewater treatment technology for its simultaneous energy and water recovery.

An online derivatization device for the analysis of polar organic compounds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is designed. The derivatization reaction occurs in the hot GC injection port, and this is also known as injection port derivatization (IPD). IPD is usually performed in two ways: 1) direct IPD and 2) ion-pair extraction, followed by IPD. In both cases, the derivatization reagent reacts in liquid form. However, a method for online derivatization using gaseous derivatization reagents is provided. A special needle is designed and placed on the carrier gas transfer line to the injection port. The carrier gas is introduced into a glass bottle containing the derivative reagent (N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide, MSTFA), and then, the gaseous derivative reagent in the headspace is pressed out and introduced into the injection port of the GC instrument at a constant speed. The filter to be analyzed is placed directly in the liner, and the polar organic compounds on the filter react with gaseous MSTFA at 310 ℃ for 10 min in the injection port. During derivatization, the column oven is maintained at room temperature, and all the derivatives stay on the column head. When the reaction is complete, the MSTFA supply is ceased. The oven temperature is programmed, and the solvent delay is set until the excessive MSTFA is removed. The derivatives are allowed to pass through the column and analyzed by the MS detector. To prevent a large number of derivative reagents from entering the column, the injection port is set in split mode with a split ratio of 5∶1. Variables such as the injection-port temperature and derivatization time are investigated. The GC-MS responses of the ten silylated derivatives increase with increasing injection-port temperature (290-310 ℃), indicating that high temperatures can enhance the silylation efficiency. The derivatization times were also investigated. The GC-MS responses increased with an increase in the reaction time from 0 to 10 min, while higher temperatures or longer reaction times lead to the loss of some derivatives. The reproducibility of the derivatization reaction was 0.27% to 7.28%, and the linear correlation coefficient was 0.976-0.996. This device can be used for the online silylation of most polar organic compounds such as organic acids, alcohols, and phenols. The advantage of this device over offline derivatization is that the derivatization reagent and derivatives are protected by helium, which eliminates the risk of decomposition caused by moisture in the air, and the high temperature assists the reaction. The analytes were directly desorbed on the filter and derived online, and the sample quantity required was only 1/200 of that in the traditional solvent extraction method. Meanwhile, only the gaseous part of the headspace in the derivative reagent bottle was used, and the amount of derivative reagent was greatly reduced. Additionally, the operation is simple and solvent free, the entire analytical procedure was executed in a “green” manner. A PM2.5 filter was analyzed, and 26 different polar compounds were successfully derived, including monoacids, binary acids, aromatic acids, and alcohols, covering most of the common target polar compounds in atmospheric chemical analysis. Polyols such as glucose and sorbose that bear 5-6 hydroxyl groups and have large steric hindrance were also successfully derived. This device is expected to be an efficient and convenient analytical tool for tracing the sources of organic matter in atmospheric particles such as soil dust, biomass combustion, cooking oil smoke, and automobile exhaust, or for investigating atmospheric photochemical reactions. This gas-phase derivatization provides new insights for the development of chromatographic analysis methods for polar compounds. This device is simple and modular, and it has a wide range of applications; it is suitable for different brands of gas chromatographs and has great prospects for commercialization.

In order to enhance the permeance of the acid resistance membrane, an ionic liquid (IL) regulating strategy was proposed to rearrange the interfacial polymerization process. Herein, we revisited polyethylenimine (PEI) and cyanuric chloride (CC) as the pristine acid-resistant membrane. 1-aminopropyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([AEMIm][Cl]) and 1-aminopropyl-3-methylimidazolium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide ([AEMIm] [Tf2N]) ILs were used to regulate the interfacial polymerization process. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulation was used to reveal IL and PEI diffusion behavior in aqueous solution, membrane pore size distribution, and porosity. The effects of ILs on membrane surface morphology, surface zeta potential, chemical composition, and separation property were analyzed. The IL regulating strategy endow the membrane with uniform smaller pore and higher porosity, thus improved membrane permeance and selectivity simultaneously. For the [AEMIm] [Cl] IL, the corresponding AEMIC-PEI-CC membrane showed high permeance of 79.1 L m(-2)h(-1)bar(-1), which is 1.36 times the pristine PEI-CC membrane, combined with high Y3+ rejection of 97.5%, low H+ rejection of 1.35%. In addition, this membrane showed good acid stability in 30 days long-term test.

The fabrication of nanofiltration (NF) membranes with excellent acid resistance and high separation performance remains a tremendous challenge due to the lack of precise membrane structure manipulation. Herein, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), due to their abundant porosity and highly ordered structures, are employed to synthesize high-permeation nanofiltration membranes. An acid-stable COF layer and a polysulfonamide (PSA) layer were fabricated by in-situ interfacial polymerization (IP) upon the polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration substrate in turns. The acquired COF-based composite membrane exhibited sub-nanometer pore size and excellent rare-earth ions separation performance due to the interlaced stacking between the COF and PSA layers, as well as the COF interlayer regulated IP process. Additionally, the composite membrane showed high rejection of > 92.2% for trivalent rare-earth ions (RE3+) and high water permeance of > 43.3 L h-1 m(- 2) bar(-1) at both pH = 6.8 and pH = 1, the superior separation performance can be ascribed to the high porosity and abundant transportation pathway provided by the COF layer and the interlaced stacking structure between the COF layer and the PSA layer. The facile membrane fabrication procedure, along with the excellent water permeation performance and acid resistance, render the composite membrane in this study applicable for a broad range of critical industrial and environmental processes.

Improving the permeance of the polyamide (PA) membrane while maintaining the rejection is crucial for promoting the development of membrane separation technology in the practical water-treatment industry. Herein, a novel metal-ionic liquid (Zn-IL) coordination compound was synthesized by in situ growth to improve the water permeance of PA nanofiltration membranes, using an amine-functionalized IL (1-aminopropyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, [AEMIm][Cl]) as a ligand to react with Zn(NO3)2·6H2O. Piperazine (PIP) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) were adopted to prepare the PA layer covering the Zn-IL complex. Due to the unique property of the Zn-IL complex, the Zn-IL/PIP-TMC absorbing force to water was increased, enabling the fast transport of water molecules through the membrane pore channels in the form of free water. The resulting Zn-IL/PIP-TMC nanocomposite membrane exhibited a high permeance of up to 26.5 L m-2 h-1 bar-1, which is 3 times that of the PIP-TMC membrane (8.8 L m-2 h-1 bar-1), combined with rejection above 99% for dyes such as methyl blue.

Organic amendments greatly influence soil functions and biochemical processes that are driven by soil active microbiota. Yet, how organic fertilization impacts transcriptionally active microbes and impacts soil ecosystem functions is still largely unknown. In this study, the variations of RNA-based soil active bacteria and multifunctionality in response to long-term organic fertilization were investigated. We selected an experimental observation station with the application of organic fertilizers for 30 years. High-throughput sequencing and qPCR-based SmartChip assays were employed to explore the abundance, diversity, composition, and function of soil active microorganisms under different application regimes. Organic fertilization increased soil transcriptionally active bacterial abundances significantly, and changed their compositions compared to control treatment. Of the differentially active bacteria, Bacillus was the most abundant genus which was increased by organic fertilization dramatically. Unexpectedly, however, the impacts of organic fertilization on the active communities did not demonstrate a dose-dependent response at the RNA level. SmartChip analysis further indicated that organic fertilization significantly increased the abundances of 25 functional genes associated with energy metabolism, organic matter degradation, denitrification, phosphorus solubilization, sulfur oxidation, and sulfate reduction processes. In addition, soil multifunctionality was also promoted by organic fertilization, and such promotion had a strong relationship with the differentially active bacteria, suggesting that the variations of soil ecosystem functions could be mainly regulated by differentially active bacterial communities. Organic fertilization impacted the abundances and compositions of soil active bacteria, and increased soil multifunctionality. Understanding dynamic changes in soil active microbes is therefore crucial for managing application regimes of organic fertilizers in agricultural practices and evaluating element biogeochemical cycling in soil.