BACKGROUND:Aldehyde oxidase 1 (AOX1) is associated with various pathophysiological processes, including cancer. Specifically, AOX1 has been demonstrated to have a close relationship with the progression of certain cancers. However, the expression, function, and mechanisms of action of AOX1 in gallbladder cancer (GBC) remain unclear. METHODS:Utilizing immunohistochemistry, the study quantified the prevalence of AOX1 within tissues of gallbladder carcinoma and those of the surrounding non-cancerous regions. In vitro assays using gallbladder carcinoma cell lines with modulated AOX1 expression levels were performed to assess the protein's role in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, flow cytometry techniques were harnessed to determine the influence of AOX1 on the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in these cells. Additionally, the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway markersin cells with varied AOX1 expression, detected through Western blot analyses. An in vivo xenograft model involving athymic mice was implemented to explore the influence of AOX1 on gallbladder tumor growth, with Western blot analysis applied to measure EMT marker expression in the resulting tumours. RESULTS:Elevated AOX1 protein levels have been observed in gallbladder carcinoma tissues, with such upregulation linked to a negative prognostic outlook for patients. In vitro analyses demonstrate that enhanced AOX1 expression facilitates gallbladder carcinoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while AOX1 suppression yields an inhibitory effect on these cellular behaviors. Western blot results reveal an inverse relationship between AOX1 and E-cadherin levels, yet was positively correlation with N-cadherin, Vimentin, and Snail within both gallbladder cancer cells and in vivo xenograft tumours. Further mechanistic investigation indicates that AOX1 elevation augments reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and initiates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in these cells. The application of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and/or KY1797K attenuates the proliferative, migratory, and invasive enhancements imparted by AOX1 overexpression and reinforces these effects when AOX1 is silenced-achieved through ROS mitigation and the obstruction of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In vivo studies corroborate these findings, showing AOX1 overexpression to amplify xenograft tumor growth and mesenchymal marker expression, whereas AOX1 interference did the opposite. CONCLUSIONS:The study indicates that AOX1 functions as a carcinogenic factor in gallbladder carcinoma, enhancing cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and the EMT. These effects are driven by the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore,AOX1 presents potential as a valuable prognostic and diagnostic marker as well as a target for therapeutic intervention in the gallbladder cancer.

As the lightest structural metallic material, magnesium (Mg) is expected to be widely used in many fields to instead of steel and aluminum. However, there are still too many kinds of impurities in Mg ingot which will be transformed to Mg products and damage their performance obviously. In this paper, by analyzing of the source and existence form of the impurities in Mg ingot and calculating the optimal removal temperature, the volatilization and condensation, migration and enrichment processes of different elements in purification process were clarified. Based on the theoretical research, a vacuum gasification-directional condensation technology and a vacuum tubular furnace were proposed, which can remove most impurities in Mg ingot. The key impurities (such as Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) and difficult to remove impurities (such as K, Na, Zn) are all removed effectively, high purity Mg more than 99.999% can be collect in the high temperature condensation region.

Background Albeit that cardiac magnetic resonance feature tracking (CMR-FT) has enabled quantitative assessment of global myocardial strain in the diagnosis of suspected acute myocarditis, the cardiac segmental dysfunction remains understudied. The aim of the present study was using CMR-FT to assess the global and segmental dysfunction of the myocardium for diagnosis of suspected acute myocarditis. Methods Forty-seven patients with suspected acute myocarditis (divided into impaired and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] groups) and 39 healthy controls (HCs) were studied. A total of 752 segments were divided into three subgroups, including segments with non-involvement (S Ni ), segments with edema (S E ), and segments with both edema and late gadolinium enhancement (S E+LGE ). 272 healthy segments served as the control group (S HCs ). Results Compared with HCs, patients with preserved LVEF showed impaired global circumferential strain (GCS) and global longitudinal strain (GLS). Segmental strain analysis showed that the peak radial strain (PRS), peak circumferential strain (PCS), and peak longitudinal strain (PLS) values significantly reduced in S E+LGE compared with S HCs , S Ni , S E . PCS significantly reduced in S Ni (-15.3 ± 5.8% vs. -20.3 ± 6.4%, p < 0.001) and S E (-15.2 ± 5.6% vs. -20.3 ± 6.4%, p < 0.001), compared with S HCs . The area under the curve (AUC) values of GLS (0.723) and GCS (0.710) were higher than that of global peak radial strain (0.657) in the diagnosis of acute myocarditis, but the difference was not statistically significant. Adding the Lake Louise Criteria to the model resulted in a further increase in diagnostic performance. Conclusions Global and segmental myocardial strain were impaired in patients with suspected acute myocarditis, even in the edema or relatively non-involved regions. CMR-FT may serve as an incremental tool for assessment of cardiac dysfunction and provide important additional imaging-evidence for distinguishing the different severity of myocardial injury in myocarditis.

Background Internal carotid artery dissection (ICAD) is the major cause of ischemic stroke in young to middle-aged people. Recognition of predisposing factors may facilitate in early individual risk prediction and expand treatment. Purpose To evaluate the association between a carotid web and dissection in patients with ICAD using vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging (VW-MRI). Material and Methods A retrospective study was conducted of 223 patients who underwent VW-MRI. Of these patients, 58 patients with craniocervical artery dissection (CCAD) (33 ICAD and 25 vertebrobasilar artery dissection [VBAD]) were included. The control group (n = 165) consisted of patients without arterial dissection who had undergone VW-MRI . The presence of a carotid web in the posterior aspect of carotid bulb was recorded. The distance between the carotid web and start of dissection in ICA was recorded. Results The presence of a carotid web showed a significant difference between the ICAD, VBAD, and control groups (19 [57.6%] vs. 5 [20%] vs. 36 [21.8%], respectively; P < 0.001). In multi-nominal analysis, the presence of a carotid web showed a significant difference between the ICAD and VBAD groups and the ICAD and control groups (P < 0.05), with odds ratios of 5.41 (95% confidence interval [CI]=1.634-17.973) and 4.81 (95% CI=2.176-10.651), respectively. Out of 19 ICAD patients with carotid web, 16 had occurrence of dissection in the C1 segment of the ICA with a mean distance of 1.91 +/- 1.71 cm from the carotid web. Conclusion Presence of a carotid web was more frequent in patients with ICAD. The carotid web may be one of the predisposing factors for development of dissection in patients with ICAD.

Vacuum volatilization is a clean and efficient method for metal purification, alloy separation, and comprehensive recovery of secondary resources. The evaporation kinetics of In and In–Sn alloys were investigated to better understand the evaporation mechanism during the vacuum volatilization of In. The evaporation rates of the In and In–Sn alloys at 1173–1373 K and 5 Pa increased significantly with increasing temperature in accordance with the equation ω = e(a+b∙T). The evaporation rates at 1323 K and 5 Pa decreased with increasing crucible depth in accordance with the equation ω = a2+(a1-a2)/(1+e(h-b)/c). For In and In–Sn, the total mass-transfer coefficients of In were obtained at different temperatures and crucible depths. A theoretical kinetic model of In was established and limiting links were obtained vacuum volatilization of In and In–Sn.

Idiopathic scoliosis (IS) primarily impacts adolescents and requires early intervention to prevent deformity. Early diagnosis and prediction of spine curvature in children could be aided by school scoliosis screening (SSS). In the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, SSS, including 139,922 children from 18 ethnic groups in 8 counties ranging in age from 6 to 18, was carried out. A medical team conducted the screening with inspection, Adam's test, and angles of trunk rotation (ATR). The overall prevalence of suspected scoliosis was 2.37%, with girls (2.5%) more affected than boys (2.0%). Using penalized regression analysis of LASSO, the variable-selection process was conducted to determine the final regression model. The results showed that age, gender, height, BMI, altitude, latitude, ethnicity, and county were all influencing variables for suspected scoliosis, according to the adjusted final model of multi-factor regression analysis. These results provide substantial information and suggestions for preventative and person-centered healthcare interventions for IS.

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the value of spectral computed tomography (CT) in evaluating the differentiation degree of gastric cancer and predicting lymph node (LN) metastasis. Methods: Enhanced spectral CT images of 51 gastric cancer patients were retrospectively analyzed. Effective atomic number (Zeff), normalized effective atomic number (nZeff), iodine density (ID), and normalized ID (nID) of the gastric cancer were measured at the venous stage. Zeff, nZeff, ID and nID of the study groups (poorly and moderately-highly differentiated groups; LN metastasis and no LN metastasis groups) were statistically compared using independent t-tests. Sex, age, location, and thickness of gastric cancer were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance or independent t-test. Correlations were assessed using Spearman rank correlation. The optimal diagnostic cutoff value with sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) was determined using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.Results: Zeff, nZeff, ID and nID of gastric cancer were higher in the poorly differentiated group than in the moderately-highly differentiated group (P<0.05), and AUCs for evaluating the degree of differentiation were 0.909, 0.888, 0.905, and 0.916, respectively. There were no significant differences in Zeff, nZeff, ID and nID regarding age, sex, tumor thickness, or tumor location (P>0.05). Zeff, nZeff, ID and nID were higher in the LNM group than in the no LNM group (P<0.05), and AUCs for predicting LNM were 0.888, 0.824, 0.828 and 0.892, respectively. Conclusions: Zeff, nZeff, ID and nID values of spectral CT predicted the degree of differentiation of gastric cancer and LNM and were positively correlated with N stage.

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a non-invasive interventional radiology technology, which has been generally accepted in clinical practice for the treatment of benign and malignant tumors. HIFU can cause targeted tissue coagulative necrosis and protein denaturation by thermal or non-thermal effects, guided by diagnostic ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging, without destruction of the normal adjacent tissue, under sedation or general anesthesia. HIFU has become an important alternative to standard treatments of solid tumors, including surgery, radiation, and medications. The aim of this review is to describe the development, principle, devices, and clinical applications of HIFU.

Abstract Objective and backgroundThe overactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome is a critical factor for ulcerative colitis (UC). We found that heat shock transcription factor 2 (HSF2), which is highly expressed in UC, could inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and reduce IL-1β in intestinal epithelial cells(IECs), but the mechanisms were still unclear. We aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of HSF2 inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome of IECs.MethodsTEM was used to detect the number of damaged mitochondria and the level of mitophagy in intestinal mucosa of UC patients, healthy controls, mice and Caco-2 cells. ROS levels were detected by immunofluorescence or flow cytometry. RT-PCR, WB and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the level of PARL, PINK1 and Parkin.ResultsThe levels of mitophagy and ROS in intestinal mucosa of UC patients were positively correlated with disease activity. In IECs, after downregulation of HSF2, mitophagy reduced and number of damaged mitochondria and ROS increased, while overexpression of HSF2 showed opposite results. In addition, HSF2 might regulate mitophagy through PARL/PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway.ConclusionsHSF2 may promote mitophagy and decrease the level of mtROS through the PARL/PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway, which might be a potential mechanism of HSF2 inhibiting inflammation in UC.

Objective: To study the ischemic stroke risk factors in spontaneous internal carotid artery dissection (ICAD) patients via analyzing the dissection features and primary collateral circulation using vessel wall-MRI and magnetic resonance angiography. Methods: ICAD patients who had undergone VW-MRI were included in this study. A total of 36 patients were included and divided into ICAD stroke (N = 23) and non-stroke (N = 13) group. Dissection imaging features [intramural hematoma (IMH), length of IMH, intimal flap, double lumen, intraluminal thrombus, degree of stenosis] and primary collateral status were analyzed. The primary collateral score (0-4) was evaluated based on presence of anterior communicating and ipsilateral anterior cerebral artery A1 segment (0-2) and ipsilateral posterior communicating artery (0-2). Results: There were no significant differences in dissection imaging features such as presence of double lumen, intimal flap, IMH, length of IMH and intraluminal thrombus between the two groups. Degree of stenosis and primary collateral score showed significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion: Both the poor primary collateral circulation and severe stenosis may play an important role in occurrence of ischemic stroke for spontaneous ICAD patients and good primary collateral circulation can help to reduce the incidence of infarction. Advances in knowledge: ICAD is one of the major causes of ischemic stroke. Early evaluation of the status of the Circle of Willis in ICAD patients by MRI may help to make treatment strategies and improve clinical outcome.

The overactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) is among the important reasons for severe inflammation in ulcerative colitis (UC). We found that heat shock transcription factor 2 (HSF2), which is highly expressed in UC, could inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and reduce IL-1β in IECs, but the mechanisms were still not clear. It has been reported that HSP72 regulated by HSF2 can enhance the mitophagy mediated by Parkin. The number of damaged mitochondria and the mitochondrial derived ROS (mtROS) can be reduced by mitophagy, which means the activity of NLRP3 inflammasome is inhibited. Therefore, we speculate that HSF2 might regulate the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome of IECs in UC through the mitophagy mediated by Parkin. This study proves that the number of damaged mitochondria in IECs, the level of mitophagy, and the level of ROS in intestinal mucosa are positively correlated with the severity of UC. In mice and cells, mitophagy was promoted by HSF2 through the PARL/PINK1/Parkin pathway. This study reveals the potential mechanisms of HSF2 decreasing mtROS of IECs in UC.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease with unknown aetiology. As a pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) plays a critical, damaging role in UC. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are important anti-inflammatory factors that maintain intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) homeostasis. Heat shock transcription factor 2 (HSF2) is an important regulator of HSPs. In our previous research, we found that HSF2 is highly expressed in UC, is negatively related to colon inflammation of mice, and inhibits the expression of IL-1 beta, but the specific mechanism is still unclear. As a product of the NLRP3 inflammasome, the expression of IL-1 beta is closely related to NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Therefore, we hypothesised that HSF2 affects the secretion of IL-1 beta by regulating activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. In this study, hsf /DSS model mice showed highest levels of expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the secretion of IL-1 beta. In Caco-2 cells, the levels of expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the secretion of IL-1 beta were inhibited by overexpression of HSF2, and inhibited HSF2 increased activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the secretion of IL-1 beta. These findings indicated that HSF2 might be an important target for inflammatory modulation in UC.

Background At present, the most effective and mature treatment after ACL injury and tear is ACL reconstruction, but the rehabilitation process after ACL reconstruction that is very long, so it is very important to find early MRI positive findings of knee instability. Methods We retrospectively collected the clinical and imaging data of 70 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction from January 2016 to December 2019; Based on clinical criteria, the patients were divided into a stable group ( n = 57) and an unstable group ( n = 13); We measured the MRI imaging evaluation indexes, including the position of the bone tunnel, graft status, and the anatomical factors; Statistical methods were used to compare the differences of imaging evaluation indexes between the two groups; The prediction equation was constructed and ROC curve was used to compare the prediction efficiency of independent prediction factors and prediction equation. Results There were significant differences in the abnormal position of tibial tunnel entrance, percentage of the position of tibial tunnel entrance, position of tibial tunnel exit, lateral tibial posterior slope (LTPS), width of intercondylar notch between stable knee joint group and unstable knee joint group after ACL reconstruction ( P < 0.05); The position of tibial tunnel exits and the lateral tibial posterior slope (LTPS) and the sagittal obliquity of the graft were independent predictors among surgical factors and self-anatomical factors ( P < 0.05); The prediction equation of postoperative knee stability was established: Logit(P) = -1.067–0.231*position of tibial tunnel exit + 0.509*lateral tibial posterior slope (LTPS)-2.105*sagittal obliquity of the graft; The prediction equation predicted that the AUC of knee instability was 0.915, the sensitivity was 84.6%, and the specificity was 91.2%. Conclusions We found that abnormalities of the position of the exit of the bone tunnel, lateral tibial posterior slope (LTPS) and sagittal obliquity of the graft were the early MRI positive findings of knee instability after ACL reconstruction. It is helpful for clinicians to predict the stability of knee joint after ACL reconstruction.

Background: Our study aimed to investigate the feasibility of functional magnetic resonance imaging [blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) imaging and T2 mapping] in monitoring the activation of lumbar paraspinal muscles before and after exercise. Methods: The ethics committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University approved our study. Both BOLD and T2 mapping of paraspinal muscles were performed in 50 healthy, young volunteers before and after upper-body extension exercises. The movement tasks included upper body flexion and extension using a simple Roman chair. Cross-sectional area (CSA), R2*, and T2 values were measured in various lower-back anatomical regions. The SPSS22.0 statistical software was used to analyze all the data. Results: Post-exercise CSA and T2 values were higher than those recorded in the pre-exercise session for the three lower-back muscles that were evaluated (iliocostalis, longissimus, and multifidus) (P<0.01). However, R2* values of these muscles were significantly lower after exercise (P<0.01). A significant difference in the R2*, CSA, and T2 values of the iliocostalis occurred between males and females (P<0.05). No statistically significant differences were evident for R2*, CSA, and T2 of the lower-back muscles between L3 and L4 levels, or between the left and right sides. The total CSA of the iliocostalis was higher than that of the multifidus and longissimus (P<0.05). Conclusions: BOLD and T2 mapping are feasible non-invasive indirect assessments of lumbar paraspinal muscle activation before and after exercise.

Previous studies using contrast-enhanced imaging for glioma isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation assessment showed promising yet inconsistent results, and this study attempts to explore this problem by using an advanced tracer kinetic model, the distributed parameter model (DP). Fifty-five patients with glioma examined using dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging sequence at a 3.0 T scanner were retrospectively reviewed. The imaging data were processed using DP, yielding the following parameters: blood flow F, permeability-surface area product PS, fractional volume of interstitial space Ve, fractional volume of intravascular space Vp, and extraction ratio E. The results were compared with the Tofts model. The Wilcoxon test and boxplot were utilized for assessment of differences of model parameters between IDH-mutant and IDH-wildtype gliomas. Spearman correlation r was employed to investigate the relationship between DP and Tofts parameters. Diagnostic performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and quantified using the area under the ROC curve (AUC). Results showed that IDH-mutant gliomas were significantly lower in F (P = 0.018), PS (P < 0.001), Vp (P < 0.001), E (P < 0.001), and Ve (P = 0.002) than IDH-wildtype gliomas. In differentiating IDH-mutant and IDH-wildtype gliomas, Vp had the best performance (AUC = 0.92), and the AUCs of PS and E were 0.82 and 0.80, respectively. In comparison, Tofts parameters were lower in Ktrans (P = 0.013) and Ve (P < 0.001) for IDH-mutant gliomas. No significant difference was observed in Kep (P = 0.525). The AUCs of Ktrans, Ve, and Kep were 0.69, 0.79, and 0.55, respectively. Tofts-derived Ve showed a strong correlation with DP-derived Ve (r > 0.9, P < 0.001). Ktrans showed a weak correlation with F (r < 0.3, P > 0.16) and a very weak correlation with PS (r < 0.06, P > 0.8), both of which were not statistically significant. The findings by DP revealed a tissue environment with lower vascularity, lower vessel permeability, and lower blood flow in IDH-mutant than in IDH-wildtype gliomas, being hostile to cellular differentiation of oncogenic effects in IDH-mutated gliomas, which might help to explain the better outcomes in IDH-mutated glioma patients than in glioma patients of IDH-wildtype. The advantage of DP over Tofts in glioma DCE data analysis was demonstrated in terms of clearer elucidation of tissue microenvironment and better performance in IDH mutation assessment.

Objectives: In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) is associated with breast cancer risk, but the associations between BPE and clinical characteristics and histological features are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the association between BPE and clinical characteristics (including age, menopausal status, and tumor histological characteristics) in patients with invasive breast cancer. Methods: This was a retrospective study of 163 patients with invasive breast cancer (164 lesions, 1 patient had bilateral cancer) confirmed by surgery and pathological examination, treated between January 2014 and December 2016 at our university (Kunming Medical University). The patients were divided into two groups: extremely minimal and mild enhancement (low BPE group, n = 78) vs moderate and marked enhancement (high BPE group, n = 86 ). Results: Compared with the low BPE group, the high BPE group showed higher frequencies of patients < 50 years of age (88% vs 38%, p < 0.0001), premenopausal (87% vs 29%, p < 0.0001), T1 staging (35% vs 15%, p = 0.027), Grade II (57% vs 37%, p = 0.03), lymphovascular invasion (83% vs 13%, p < 0.0001), and positive estrogen receptor (ER) (79% vs 42%, p < 0.0001). The Spearman correlation coefficients (r) between BPE and age, menopausal status, lymphovascular invasion, and ER status were -0.521 (p < 0.0001), -0.588 (p < 0.0001), 0.697 (p < 0.0001), and 0.377 (p < 0.0001), respectively. Conclusion: BPE is negatively associated with age and menopausal status, and is positively associated with lymphovascular invasion and positive ER status. Advances in knowledge: BPE is not correlated with T staging and histological classification in patients with invasive breast cancer.

PURPOSE:To investigate effects and heat distribution of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) on vertebral tumors in vitro and in vivo swine experiments and its clinical application. MATERIALS AND METHODS:RFA was performed on the swine spine in vitro and in vivo for 20 min at 90 °C at the electrode tip, and the temperature at the electrode tip and surrounding tissues were recorded. Clinical application of ablation combined with vertebroplasty was subsequently performed in 4 patients with spinal tumors. RESULTS:In the in vitro study, the mean temperature at the front and ventral wall of the spinal canal was 50.8 °C and 43.6 °C, respectively, at 20 mm significantly greater than 37.7 °C and 33.7 ± 1.7 °C, respectively, at 10 mm ablation depth. The coagulative necrosis area was significantly (P < 0.0001) greater at 20 mm depth than at 10 mm depth (mean 17.0 × 20.7 mm2 vs. 14.2 × 16.6 mm2). In the in vivo experiment, the local temperature increased significantly (P < 0.05) from around 36 °C before ablation to over 41 °C at 20 min after ablation, with the temperature at the electrode tip (90.4 °C) and within the vertebral body (67.0 °C) significantly (P < 0.05) greater than at the posterior (41.9 °C) and lateral wall (41.8 °C). From 2 to 5 weeks, bone remodeling began. Clinically, all four patients had successful RFA and vertebroplasty, with no neurological deficits. The pain scores were significanlty (P < 0.05) improved before (4.5-10, mean 8.0) compared with at four weeks (0-1.8, mean 1.8). CONCLUSION:The clustered electrode can be efficiently and safely applied in the treatment of spinal tumors without damaging the spinal cord and adjacent nerves by heat distribution.

PurposeTo investigate the pain relief effect and safety of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with a multitined electrode combined with cement injection in patients with painful metastatic bone tumors.Materials and methodsSixteen patients with 34 osteolytic metastatic lesions were treated with RFA including 4 males and 12 females (age range 54-84). Thirteen patients with spinal metastases received additional cement injection. Medical imaging, a visual analog scale (VAS) and the EORTC QLQ-C30 were performed to evaluate the metastatic lesion, pain and quality of life, respectively, before and after RFA and at follow-ups.ResultsThe RFA and/or vertebroplasty with cement injection were successful in all patients (100%). Except for one patient who had cement leakage, no intraprocedural complications occurred. After RFA, severe refractory pain was greatly relieved in all patients, with pretreatment VAS score of 8.1 ± 1.4 significantly reduced to 5.5 ± 1.1 at 24 h, 2.8 ± 0.6 at 1 week and 1.4 ± 0.8 at 6 months (P < 0.01). The EORTC QLQ-C30 scale at 1 month demonstrated significant improvement (P < 0.05) in the physical (P = 0.03) and emotion function (P = 0.003), global health status (P = 0.002), pain (P = 0.001) and insomnia (P = 0.002). The analgesics were reduced after the procedure and stopped 2 months later in all patients, with greatly improved quality of life and no apparent pain. Followed up for 6-12 months, all patients remained alive with no recurrence of pain. Palliative pain relief and safety of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation combined with cement injection for bone metastasis.ConclusionRFA with or without bone cement is safe and effective in the palliative treatment of pain caused by metastatic bone tumors.

INTRODUCTION:Wegener granulomatosis (WG) is a rare idiopathic autoimmune disease causing necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis. Whether as the first symptom or as part of systemic changes, ocular manifestations in WG patients are not specific. Any part of the eyes can be affected, with the anterior segment and orbit most commonly involved. So, early diagnosis and treatment are essential for controlling the progression of the disease and improving the quality of life for patients.CLINICAL FINDINGS/PATIENT CONCERNS:Here we present a rare case of orbital WG of a 22-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of intense pain associated with decreased visual acuity in her right eye since 1 day. She had been previously diagnosed with WG at our hospital.IMAGING DIAGNOSIS:Orbital computed tomography imaging showed diffuse swelling of intraorbital muscles, and space-occupying lesions were present in both eyes. Most postnasal anatomical structures were absent, appearing as a massive cavity shadow. Orbital magnetic resonance imaging showed a shadow of orbital soft tissues.CONCLUSION:WG is a serious, fatal disease. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for controlling the progression of the disease and improving the quality of life for patients.