该文对烟叶发展形势出现的新变化、河南烟叶高质量发展的优势及存在问题进行了分析,提出了增强烟叶规模调控的能力、提高供给对需求的适应性、提高烟区高质量发展能力、培育烟叶产业发展新动能、打造烟叶名牌等对策建议,为进一步推进河南烟叶高质量发展提供参考.

为了探究不同氮用量对不同烤烟品种氮代谢及烘烤特性的影响,以云烟87、NC71为试验材料,连续2年在南阳烟区开展试验,研究了在不同施氮量条件下烟叶成熟期氮代谢关键酶活性、次生代谢产物含量,以及与烘烤相关的烟叶含水量、PPO酶活和总酚含量.结果表明:云烟87在中氮(45 kg/hm2)条件下、NC71在高氮(60 kg/hm2)条件下烟叶成熟期氮代谢酶活性、次生代谢产物含量,以及烘烤变黄与失水较为协调,变黄快,较易定色,烤后烟叶的外观质量较好.

To improve the quality of tobacco flue-curing and to optimize the curing technology in bulk curing,we researched the effect of wet bulb temperature in process of color setting on baked tobacco quality.The results showed that higher wet bulb temperature(gradually climbed to and sustained 39 ℃ prior to dry bulb temperature rising to 48 ℃;exceeded 48 ℃,with the wet bulb temperature stable at 40 ℃) enhanced economic benefits,for example,the price of tobacco increased by 0.18-0.42 yuan,and coal consumption decreased by 0.01-0.07 kg;appearance qualities such as oil content,thickness,figure,structure and color were modified and fragrance was perfected;chemical components of tobacco leaf were modified: the contents of total sugar and reducing sugar had an average increase of 14.79% and 11.99%,but total nitrogen,protein,nicotine and starch were decreased,as well as the ratio of total sugar to nicotine and total nitrogen to nicotine mostly ranged 7.00-10.44 and 0.60-0.98;analytical qualities were improved by half or one grade,especially the indicators of fragrance content,offensive taste,acrimony and aftertaste;content of volatile fragrance,neophytadiene,catabolite of carotenoid,catabolite of aromatic amino acid,and brown compound of middle and upper leaves of tobacco were also raised under the higher wet bulb temperature.Instead,lower wet bulb temperature(dry bulb temperature rose to 48 ℃ prior to the increase of wet bulb temperature to 38 ℃ and stable;exceed 48 ℃,the wet bulb temperature stable at 39 ℃) decreased the content of total sugar and reducing sugar,coordinated the content of chemical component,and raised the content of volatile fragrance content,neophytadiene,catabolite of carotenoid,catabolite of aromatic amino acid,and brown compound.Comprehensive analysis indicated,the lower leaf under a lower wet bulb temperature made the chemical composition of tobacco more coordinated and a high level of aroma substances;in the upper leaves,a higher wet bulb temperature conferred an economic good,a good look,a coordinated chemical composition,an assessment of high-grade smoking,and high levels of aroma substances.

The effects of nanometer synergistic fertilizer on the growth,economic characters and quality of flue-cured tobacco were investigated on cv.Zhongyan 100 by field experiment.The results showed that: 1) at prophase and metaphase,growth of tobacco was obviously promoted by nanometer synergistic fertilizer,it raised the output and value of cured leaves relatively.2) The potassium content and the ratio of potassium to chloride in leaf were obviously increased,the increase of potassium content was up to 50%.3) The chemical components in leaf were relatively harmonious when the total amount of fertilizer reduced by 30% and 50%,and not significantly differed from the control.4) The smoking quality of tobacco leaf was improved by nanometer synergistic fertilizer to a certain extent,especially in aromatic quality.

In order to reveal the possible causes about the color difference among flue-cured tobacco leaves of different growing areas in China,the surface color of tobacco leaves,C3F,from 60 counties in 11 provinces were measured,analyzed and characterized with L*a*b* uniform color space.The relationship between surface color spatial distribution characteristics of and carotenoid content in leaves was investigated.The results showed that: 1) The surface color spatial distribution indexes,L*(brightness),a*(red chroma),b*(yellow chroma),c*(color saturation),and carotenoid content were obviously different among leaves from different areas.The L*,b*,c* and carotenoid content in tobacco leaves from the southeast tobacco belt were lower,while a* and lutein proportion were higher;for tobacco leaves from the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the southwest tobacco belts,L*,b*,c* and carotenoid content were higher,while a* was relatively lower;L* of tobacco leaves from the northern tobacco belt was relatively higher,while c* and carotenoid content were relatively lower.2) The carotenoid content in tobacco leaves closely correlated to leaf's surface color spatial distribution indexes.With the increase of carotenoid content,a*,b*,and c* increased significantly,however the ratio of L* to b* decreased significantly.

For investigating the influence of climatic conditions on the contents of main chemical components in flue-cured tobacco leaves,experiments on different transplanting time were carried out in Xiangcheng County of Henan Province.The climatic factors(average temperature,precipitation,sunshine hours) at different growth stages and the contents of chemical components in cured tobacco leaves(C3F and B2F) were compared,and their correlations were analyzed.The results showed that: with the delay of transplanting time,the average temperatures at fast-growing stage and field growth stage rose,while the average temperature at mature stage,the sunshine hours at fast-growing stage,mature stage and field growth stage decreased.Advanced or delayed transplant decreased the nicotine content in flue-cured tobacco leaves to a certain degree,while its effects on the other components differed between middle and upper leaves.Comparing with middle leaves,upper leaves displayed stronger correlation with climatic factors.Fast-growing stage might be the key period when climatic factors affected chemical component contents in flue-cured leaves.There was negative correlation between total nitrogen content in upper leaves and the sunshine hours at fast-growing stage,mature stage and field growth stage.The contents of reduced sugar,total sugar and starch in upper leaves positively correlated to the sunshine hours at fast growing stage,while negatively correlated to the precipitation at fast-growing stage.

Tobacco endophytes are abundant. Their existence and effect on tobacco have been ignored for they have been living in the healthy plant tissues without causing any diagnostic. With the study on the tobacco endophytes, it has become one of the most popular research topics, because of the great application potentiality in its biocontrol on tobacco diseases and growth-promoting effect and decreasing exotic materials. In this paper, general situation and recent advances on the tobacco endophytes study have been summarized with its use and development views.

Based on the evaluation data of appearance and smoking quality of flue-cured tobacco samples from main tobacco growing areas in China from 2004 to 2007,grey incidence analysis was performed.The results showed that for upper leaves,color intensity,leaf structure and oil,particularly,color intensity correlated with smoking quality more closely;for middle leaves,color intensity,leaf body and oil closely correlated with smoking quality to the same extent;for lower leaves,leaf body,oil and color intensity,particularly leaf body,correlated with smoking quality more closely.

The carotenoid contents in C3F samples collected from 63 counties of 13 main tobacco growing areas produced in 2007 were determined by HPLC,and their smoking quality was evaluated.The results showed that: 1) the carotenoid content in flue-cured tobacco leaves of the same cultivar grown in different eco-environment was obviously different.The carotenoid content in tobacco leaves from southwest areas,such as Yunnan,Guizhou and Sichuan was significantly higher than that from Henan,Hunan and Liaoning.Nationally,tobacco grown in the areas of higher latitude contained less carotenoid;2) the results of cluster analysis and variance analysis indicated that the score of aromatic quality raised with the increase of carotenoid content,and the aromatic quality score of leaves with the highest carotenoid content differed significantly from that with the lowest carotenoid content;while the score of aromatic quantity of leaves with moderate carotenoid content was the highest.

对中烟100烟叶进行了不同转火时间(正常转火、推迟转火6 h、推迟转火12 h)的密集烘烤试验.结果表明,上部叶的中性致香物质总量、新植二烯含量分别以推迟转火6 h、12 h处理为最高,中部叶的两者含量均以推迟转火6 h处理为最高;上部叶的类胡萝卜素降解产物总量、芳香族氨基酸类降解产物、美拉德反应产物和西柏烷类降解产物含量均以推迟转火6 h处理为最高,中部叶的上述4项指标,除美拉德反应产物总量以推迟转火12 h处理为最高外,其余均以正常转火处理为最高.中、上部叶类胡萝卜素降解产物3-羟基-β-二氢大马酮含量均以推迟转火6 h处理为最高,其余处理条件下以痕量存在.中部叶美拉德反应产物3,4-二甲基-2,5-呋喃二酮含量以推迟转火12 h处理为最高,上部叶则以推迟转火6 h处理为最高.上、中部叶推迟转火6 h和12 h的处理,总体评吸质量均比正常转火处理高.

综述了我国烤烟叶片含钾量现状,烟叶含钾量低的可能原因及影响烟叶钾含量的主要因素.指出成熟期间钾素的流失(通过根外泄钾,通过叶淋失钾)是造成烟叶钾含量低的主要或重要原因,并有针对性地提出提高我国烟叶钾含量的主要措施.