BackgroundLifelong hypertension highlights the importance of dyadic engagement in coping with the disease. Although dyadic coping is heterogeneous in patients with other diseases, little is known about it in elderly patients with hypertension. In addition, whether impaired dyadic coping is associated with frailty has yet to be elucidated.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the latent profiles and characteristics of dyadic coping and the potential association between impaired dyadic coping and frailty in elderly patients with hypertension.MethodsWe recruited a total of 741 elderly patients with hypertension. Latent profile analysis was then used to identify the best-fitting model. Then, we used regression analysis to determine profile predictors and identify the association between impaired dyadic coping and frailty.ResultsThe 5-profile model was considered to be the best-fitting model, as follows: profile 1, severely impaired dyadic coping; profile 2, mildly impaired dyadic coping; profile 3, normal dyadic coping; profile 4, better dyadic coping; and profile 5, the highest dyadic coping. In the fully adjusted model, the probability of frailty was 1.94-fold higher in the mildly impaired dyadic coping group (odds ratio, 1.94; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-3.47) and 2.66-fold higher in the severely impaired dyadic coping group (odds ratio, 2.66; 95% confidence interval, 1.11-6.39).ConclusionsWe identified heterogeneity in dyadic coping and demonstrated that impaired dyadic coping was associated with frailty. Those at risk of dyadic coping impairment need to be identified early, followed by dyadic coping-based interventions to prevent or delay frailty.

ObjectivesThis study examined the relationship of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in the transition from healthy status to first cardiometabolic disease, subsequent cardiometabolic multimorbidity and further to death.MethodsWe used data from the UK Biobank of 47 484 participants without cardiometabolic diseases at baseline. CRF was assessed via a 6 min incremental ramp cycle ergometer test and expressed in metabolic equivalent of tasks (METs, 1 MET=3.5 mL/kg/min). Cardiometabolic multimorbidity was defined as at least two diseases among diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease and stroke.ResultsOver 12.5 years median follow-up, 8123 participants developed first cardiometabolic disease, 1958 developed cardiometabolic multimorbidity and 2177 died. CRF was associated with different transition stages in cardiometabolic multimorbidity development. The HRs (95% CIs) per MET increase in CRF were 0.94 (0.93 to 0.95) and 0.97 (0.96 to 0.99) for transitions from healthy baseline to first cardiometabolic disease and subsequent cardiometabolic multimorbidity. Per MET increase in CRF was associated with reduced risk of transition from healthy baseline to death (HR: 0.97, 95% CI 0.95 to 0.99), but not for the transition from first cardiometabolic disease and cardiometabolic multimorbidity to death. When first cardiometabolic disease was divided into specific cardiometabolic diseases, there were comparable trends of CRF on the disease-specific transitions from healthy baseline to first cardiometabolic disease and subsequent cardiometabolic multimorbidity.ConclusionHigher CRF was associated with a lower risk of progression from a healthy state to first cardiometabolic disease and subsequently to cardiometabolic multimorbidity. These findings suggest that improving CRF is a potential strategy for preventing cardiometabolic multimorbidity development.

Background:Living with heart failure can severely affect the physical and mental health of patients with heart failure and their caregivers. Available dyadic self-care interventions for heart failure are scarce, especially in China. We aimed to develop and test the family FOCUS programme.Methods:This single-blind, randomised, controlled study was conducted at four hospitals in Tianjin, China. Patients with heart failure (aged at least 18 years) and their caregiver (dyads) were randomly assigned to either the intervention (n = 71) or control (n = 71) group in a 1:1 ratio. The primary outcomes of this study were patient self-care, with three specific dimensions (self-care maintenance, symptom perception, and self-care management), and caregiver contribution to self-care, mirroring these three dimensions. The outcomes were assessed at baseline (T0) and 4 (T1), 12 (T2), and 24 (T3) weeks post-discharge, respectively. This work is registered on ChiCTR, ChiCTR2100053168.Findings:Between May 20, 2022, and September 30, 2022, 142 dyads with heart failure were enrolled. The intervention group exhibited dropout rates of 6%, 8.5%, and 18.3% at 4, 12, and 24 weeks after discharge, while the control group showed 9.9%, 12.3%, and 25.4%. Compared with the control group, patients in the intervention group reported improved self-care maintenance (β: 8.5, 95% CI: 0.7, 16.4) and management (β: 7.2, 95% CI: 0.1, 14.3) at T1, as well as improved symptom perception at both T1 (β: 9.7, 95% CI: 1.5, 17.9) and T2 (β: 9.6, 95% CI: 0.6, 18.6). Furthermore, caregiver contributions to self-care maintenance, self-care management, and symptom perception (excluding T3) exhibited significant improvements at all timepoints.Interpretation:Although the significant improvements in patients' self-care were not long-lasting, this study suggested that the family FOCUS programme consistently enhanced caregivers' contributions to self-care. Future work could explore the effect of the family FOCUS programme on families with multiple chronic conditions.Funding:The National Natural Science Foundation of China.

Patients with heart failure (HF) possess low self-care activation and motivation, leading to a deprived quality of life and adverse mental health conditions. To this end, self-determination theory emphasizes that autonomy-supportive interventions (ASI) can stimulate intrinsic motivation and improve behaviors and quality of life. Nevertheless, studies that focused on ASI for HF are inadequate. This study aims to evaluate the effects of an HF-ASIP on self-care, quality of life and mental health in HF patients. In a two-arm randomized controlled trial, the participants are randomly allocated to the intervention (n = 41) or control (n = 41) groups. The intervention group received routine care and participated in an 8-week HF-ASIP, including individual education and consultation sessions. In contrast, the control group received only routine care. The primary outcome includes self-care management, while the secondary outcomes include self-care maintenance, quality of life, mental health, and motivation. After measuring the outcomes at baseline (T0), 4-week (T1), 8-week (T2), and 12-week (T3) follow-up, the intervention effects are assessed using the generalized equation models. The outcomes indicated that self-care management (T2: P = 0.001; T3: P = 0.016), self-care maintenance (T2: P = 0.003; T3: P = 0.001), depression (T2: P = 0.007; T3: P = 0.012), anxiety (T2: P = 0.001; T3: P = 0.012), MLHFQ total score (T1: P = 0.004; T2: P < 0.001; T3: P = 0.001), autonomous motivation (T2: P = .0.006; T3: P = 0.002) showed statistically difference between the groups. In summary, the 8-week HF-ASIP significantly improved the attributes of self-care, quality of life, mental health, and motivation in HF patients, suggesting the potential for practical intervention effect. ChiCTR2100053970.

Objective To explore and evaluate the dimensions of the Chinese version of Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire（MLHFQ） based on Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory. Methods From March 2019 to June2020, 487 patients with heart failure were selected for the Chinese MLHFQ test by convenience sampling method in four tertiary hospitals in Tianjin. The factor structure of MLHFQ was summarized using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis in Classical Test Theory and evaluated using Mokken scale analysis in Item Response Theory.Results Exploratory factor analysis extracted four common factors, including physical symptoms, daily living activities,medical burden, and psychological burden, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 74.707%. After the MI index was modified, the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the overall fit of the model was good（χ~2/df =3.325, RMSEA =0.097,CFI=0.928, IFI=0.928, and TLI=0.914）, the aggregation validity of the scale was good（AVE=0.592-0.799, CR=0.806-0.958）,and only the physical symptoms and psychological burden had weak discrimination validity. Mokken scale analysis showed that the total scale had good unidimensionality（Hi＞0.3, H ＞0.5）, and the four dimensions had strong unidimensionality（Subscale-Hi＞0.5, Subscale-H＞0.5）. Reliability indicators Cronbach’s α, λ 2 , and MS were all greater than 0.7. Conclusion The Chinese version of MLHFQ has four dimensions, including physical symptoms, daily living activities, medical burden,and psychological burden. The quality of life of Chinese patients with heart failure will be more comprehensively evaluated by using the MLHFQ total scale and the scores of the four-dimensional subscale.

BACKGROUND:Although a growing number of studies have demonstrated that patients' health literacy is associated with health outcomes, the exact relationship between them is not clear.AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to explore latent classes of health literacy in patients with heart failure and analyze the differences among different groups.DESIGN AND METHODS:This is a cross-sectional survey. Patients diagnosed with heart failure were selected from 3 tertiary hospitals in Tianjin, China, from March 2019 to November 2019. We measured patients' health literacy using the Health Literacy Scale for Chronic Patients. Latent class analysis was carried out based on the patients' Health Literacy Scale for Chronic Patients scores. Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify the predictive indicators of the latent classes.RESULTS:The health literacy of patients with heart failure was divided into 3 different latent classes, named "high health literacy group," "low literacy high dependence group," and "moderate literacy high willingness group." There were statistically significant differences in gender, age, smoking history, marital status, education level, household income level, and quality of life among different health literacy classes. Low education level and household income level predicted poor health literacy.CONCLUSION:There were 3 latent classes for the health literacy of patients with heart failure. Different health literacy classes exhibited their own distinctive characteristics. Patients in the "moderate literacy high willingness group" had the worst quality of life. Understanding the specific types of health literacy in patients with heart failure facilitates targeted nursing interventions to improve their quality of life.

OBJECTIVES:This research investigated the effectiveness of the caregiver-mediated online dignity therapy in enhancing dyadic health and family function.METHODS:Heart failure (HF) family dyads were recruited between May and December 2021 from a university-affiliated hospital in China. The dyads (N=70) were randomly allocated to the intervention group and the control group. We assessed patients' outcomes (hope, well-being, Family APGAR Index and quality of life (QoL)) and their family caregivers' outcomes (anxiety, depression and Family APGAR Index) at baseline (T0), 1 week (T1), 4 weeks (T2) and 8 weeks (T3) after discharge.RESULTS:For patients, the difference over time was significant in QoL (p<0.001). The interaction effects were significant for hope (p<0.001), well-being (p<0.001), Family APGAR Index (p<0.001) and QoL (p=0.007). For family caregivers, a significant difference in depression (p=0.001) was found within groups. Meanwhile, the interaction effects were significant on anxiety (p=0.002) and depression (p=0.016).CONCLUSIONS:Caregiver-mediated online dignity therapy among patients with advanced HF had potential to enhance patient outcomes (level of hope, well-being, family function and QoL) and alleviate caregiver outcomes (anxiety, depression) at 4-week and 8-week follow-up. Thus, we provided scientific evidence for palliative care for advanced HF.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER:ChiCTR2100053758.

目的 探索老年慢性心力衰竭患者的健康素养对其出院后健康行为和结局的影响.方法 对231例住院慢性心力衰竭患者于出院前进行人口学变量、疾病相关资料和健康素养资料收集,于患者出院后30 d收集其社会支持、服药依从性、心理困扰、健康相关生活质量、非计划再入院资料.进行相关影响与中介作用分析.结果 健康素养可直接影响服药依从性和健康相关生活质量(直接效应分别为0.281、-0.290),也可通过社会支持和心理困扰间接影响两者.出院后30 d非计划再入院率为14.29％;健康素养对非计划再入院有保护作用(直接效应为-0.304),可通过社会支持(间接效应为-0.128)和心理困扰(间接效应为-0.115)间接影响非计划再入院.结论 健康素养是慢性心力衰竭患者健康行为和结局的保护因素,医护人员可采取有效方案提高患者健康素养,从而提高健康行为和避免非计划再入院.

目的:了解老年慢性心力衰竭患者居家疾病管理过程中的真实体验,为干预管理提供参考.方法:采用描述性现象学研究方法,对22位老年慢性心力衰竭患者进行半结构式访谈,采用Colaizzi 7步分析法进行资料分析.结果:根据访谈内容总结出疾病管理负担沉重、不安全感成为重要的心理负担、家庭及照顾者是精神支柱、不同的应对态度4个主题.结论:正确认识老年慢性心力衰竭患者在居家疾病管理过程中面临的挑战,关注患者的体验,探索有针对性的干预方案,应成为未来干预研究的重点.

目的:编制针对老年慢性心力衰竭病人的居家照护需求评估量表并进行信效度检验.方法:采用文献回顾、半结构式访谈及德尔菲法构建量表,通过项目分析及信效度检验进一步完善量表、检验量表效能.结果:形成了包含关系的需要、尊严与自我价值的需要、生存(症状管理)需要、疾病管理需要、药物管理需要5个维度及20个条目的老年慢性心力衰竭病人照护需求评估量表.结论:量表具有良好的效能,可用于老年慢性心力衰竭病人居家照护需求评估.

Introduction Living with heart failure (HF), is a shared journey and arduous work for patients and their informal family caregivers. Given the key role and limited evidence of dyad illness management in improving dyad health in the context of HF, we developed a customisable, relationship focused, family online dynamic disease management programme—FOCUS programme—to improve dyad health for HF patients and their informal caregivers in China. Methods and analysis Based on the Theory of Dyadic Illness Management and the Systemic Transactional Model of Stress and Coping, the family customised online FOCUS programme has five modules: (1) family participatory; (2) open communication; (3) coping effectiveness; (4) uncertainty reduction and 5) shared dyad life stories. HF family dyads will be recruited in the cardiology wards of four university-affiliated hospitals in China. The dyads (N=142) will be randomly allocated to the intervention group that will receive the family customised online FOCUS programme, and the attention control group that will not receive elements of the FOCUS programme. Dyadic coping, HF somatic perception, self-care, anxiety and depression for patients and family caregivers and all-cause mortality and hospital admission for patients will be measured at baseline, 4 weeks (after the discharge, T1), 12 weeks (after the discharge, T2) and 24 weeks (after the discharge, T3). Statistical analysis will be performed using SPSS V. 22.0 software. Ethics and dissemination The study protocol was approved by the ethics committees of Tianjin Medical University (Reference number TMUHEC2019002) that covers all the centres enrolled in this study. The findings of this study will be published in scientific journals and will be presented at scientific conferences. Trial registration number ChiCTR2100053168.

Abstract Aims Previous prediction studies for 30 day readmission in patients with heart failure were built mainly based on electronic medical records and rarely involved patient‐reported outcomes. This study aims to develop and validate a nomogram including patient‐reported outcomes to predict the possibility of 30 day all‐cause readmission in older patients with heart failure and to explore the value of patient‐reported outcomes in prediction model. Methods and results This was a prospective cohort study. The nomogram was developed and internally validated by Logistic regression analysis based on 381 patients in training group from March to December 2019. The nomogram was externally validated based on 170 patients from July to October 2020. Receiver operating characteristic curves, calibration plots and decision‐curve analysis were used to evaluate the performance of the nomogram. A total of 381 patients' complete data were analysed in the training group and 170 patients were enrolled in the external validation group. In the training group, 14.4% (n = 55) patients were readmitted to hospitals within 30 days of discharge and 15.9% (n = 27) patients were readmitted in the external validation group. The nomogram included six factors: history of surgery, changing the type of medicine by oneself, information acquisition ability, subjective support, depression level, quality of life, all of which were significantly associated with 30 day readmission in older patients with heart failure. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of nomogram were 0.949 (95% CI: 0.925, 0.973, sensitivity: 0.873, specificity: 0.883) and 0.804 (95% CI: 0.691, 0.917, sensitivity: 0.778, specificity: 0.832) respectively in the training and external validation groups, which indicated that the nomogram had better discrimination ability. The calibration plots demonstrated favourable coordination between predictive probability of 30 day readmission and observed probability. Decision‐curve analysis showed that the net benefit of the nomogram was better between threshold probabilities of 0–85%. Conclusions A novel and easy‐to‐use nomogram is constructed and demonstrated which emphasizes the important role of patient‐reported outcomes in predicting studies. The performance of the nomogram drops in the external validation cohort and the nomogram must be validated in a wide prospective cohort of HF patients before its clinical relevance can be demonstrated. All these findings in this study can assist professionals in identifying the needs of HF patients so as to reduce 30 day readmission.

Proposed mechanisms for the protective effect of citrus flavonoids (hesperidin and gardenin A) on PMA/ionomycin-induced Th2 response.