为从光合生理角度探究高山松是油松及云南松高世代杂交后代的证据,以油松、云南松、油松×云南松杂种子一代为材料,以天然高山松为对照,利用Li-6400光合仪对亲本、杂交后代和对照的光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率等光合性能指标进行测定,并对它们的光饱和点和光补偿点进行估算.结果表明:1)高山松以及油松×云南松杂种对光强的利用范围比油松、云南松更广;2)与亲本的最大净光合速率相比,油松×云南松表现出杂种优势;3)与亲本相比,高山松和油松×云南松的气孔导度均偏低,且下降相对缓慢;4)油松×云南松的蒸腾速率受父本遗传影响明显,且与高山松表现相似.5)油松×云南松不同杂交组合的生长指标有一定幅度变异,但平均生长水平与云南松和高山松接近.

以海洋鱼骨胶原肽(Marine fish ossein peptide,MFOP)和氯化钙为原料制备多肽钙螯合物,应用Plackett-Burman设计、最陡爬坡试验和中心组合试验设计对螯合工艺进行优化,并对骨胶原肽及其螯合产物进行分子量分布测定和红外光谱分析.结果表明,pH值和肽盐质量比对螯合率有极显著影响(P＜0.01);优化后的螯合工艺参数:pH=5.90,温度50℃,时间60 min,肽盐质量比5.05∶1,多肽浓度45 g/L.在此条件下,多肽-钙螯合率为52.47％.凝胶色谱法测定结果显示,螯合物中肽分子量集中在1 000 Da以下,其中小肽所占比例相对较大.红外光谱扫描结果显示,螯合产物在1 418 cm-1出现羧酸根的伸缩振动峰,而在3 305 cm-1处出现Ca-NH2伸缩振动峰,说明生成一种新型的海洋鱼骨胶原肽钙螯合物,具有潜在的营养保健价值和功能应用前景.

To carry out a synthetic analysis between photosynthetic characteristics and growth traits,the physiological indexes of Pinus tabuliformis had been measured from 8 provenances,including Pingquan County of Hebei Province,Huzhu County of Qinghai Province,Songshan Mountain of Beijing City, Lingkongshan of Shanxi Province,Ningshan County of Shaanxi Province,Ningcheng County and Tumed County of Inner Mongolia,and Lushi County of Henan Province. The results indicated that: 1) the diurnal changes of net photosynthetic rate( Pn) and stomatal conductance( Gs) presented a double-peak curve pattern resembling the noon depressionphenomenon,and they had different peak time for the first time; 2) the photosynthetic physiology of trees from different provenances showed a regional difference,indicating that the pines from eastern China had higher average Pnthan the western relatives; 3) the growth traits and photosynthetic physiology indexes of eight provenances of P. tabuliformis were significantly different; 4) combined with variance analysis on growth traits,we founded that provenance of higher Pnwas closely related to larger crown height and ground diameter; 5) photosynthetic indicators demonstrated a continuous variation of three-dimensional model which included longitude,latitude,and elevation. However,growth indicators only showed a two-dimensional model including longitude and latitude. Comprehensive comparison shows that P. tabuliformis of Beijing Songshan Mountain provenance is more adaptable to local environment,and it has higher Pnand utilizes water more efficiently in desert environment,showing higher popularization and application value.

为了制备高活性的螺旋藻抗氧化肽,通过优化木瓜蛋白酶酶解条件,并结合超滤、凝胶过滤层析等方法,从钝顶螺旋藻酶解液中分离、纯化抗氧化肽,并对其体外抗氧化活性进行研究.结果表明,木瓜蛋白酶酶解钝顶螺旋藻的最适工艺条件为:酶底比1.6％、温度60℃、水解时间9h、pH7.0.相对分子质量范围为0到3 000的螺旋藻酶解液的抗氧化活性最高.该部分酶解液通过凝胶层析纯化获得更高活性的螺旋藻抗氧化肽,其DPPH·清除率、OH·清除率和总抗氧化能力分别相当于质量浓度为(1.01±0.07)×10-2、(4.77±0.28)×10-1、(3.79±0.81)×10-2mg/mL的抗坏血酸溶液,从而为螺旋藻抗氧化肽用于抗氧化功能食品和生物制药方面奠定基础.

The content of cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)in jujube is extremely abundant,and it has many physiological functions such as immune regulation and asthma inhibition. In the present study,cAMP was extracted from Zizyphus Jujuba Mill Zaocuiwang by using flash extraction method,and then purified by macroporous adsorption resin. The anti-allergic activity in vitro of the purified extract was further investigated. The result of orthogonal experiment indicated the following optimal parameters of the extraction process:the concentration of ethanol was 60%,the ratio of sample to extracting solution was 1:20,extraction times were 3 times,and the extraction duration was 40s. The extraction ratio of cAMP was(149. 5±3. 6)μg/g under the optimal extraction process. The cAMP extract with a purity of 68. 5%±3. 4% was obtained by purification in the following condition:the concentration of the extract was 20μg/mL,the flow rate was 1. 5BV/h,the sample volume was 70mL,and the elution rate was 1BV/h using 40% ethanol. The anti-allergic activity of the cAMP extract evaluated by the Elson-Morgan method reached up to 96. 2%±4. 1%(expressed by inhibition on the activity of hyaluronidase),suggesting a potential in its functional application.