In order to understand the diffusion during CO2 huff and puff in the development of shale oil and its influence on the formation, expansion and viscosity reduction experiments of shale oil-CO2 system, CO2 extraction experiments, and CO2 huff and puff physical simulation experiments were conducted. The diffusion characteristics of CO2 during huff and puff and their effects on formation minerals were studied by chromatographic analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis of artificially fractured natural cores. Research indicates that CO2 huff and puff technology is an effective method to enhance the recovery of shale reservoirs after fracturing. By injecting CO2, the light components of shale oil can be effectively extracted; when the amount of injected CO2 is 50%, the saturation pressure of shale oil increases to 27.72 MPa, and the expansion coefficient increases by 27.9%, the viscosity reduction rate of shale oil can reach 58.97%, and the density reduction rate is 10.02%; under the soaking well pressure of 50 MPa, when 0.5PVCO(2) was injected and the well stuffed for 8 hours, the CO2 was fully dissolved in the shale oil, and the continuous increase of the injection slug had a little effect on the CO2 diffusion. During the CO2 huff and puff process, CO2 would dissolve in the formation water and fracturing fluid and reacts with dolomite in the reservoir rock, consuming a large amount of dolomite in the reservoir, and the dolomite mineral content of core sample decreased from 30.1% to 2.6%.