[目的]为了科学、合理利用果桑品种资源,比较不同桑椹品种间营养、香气成分和抗氧化活性的差异,筛选出适宜深度开发的北方果桑品种.[方法]以河北省主栽的9个品种果桑的果实为材料,采用紫外分光光度法、固相微萃取联合气相色谱-质谱联用法、酶标仪法,对每个品种桑椹的营养、香气成分和抗氧化指标进行检测,并运用SPSS 23.0软件对测定结果进行差异分析及主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis,PCA).[结果]桂花出汁率(76.754％)和含水率(85.105％)最高,蒙桑可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)(20.383％)、总酸含量(21.365 mg·g-1)、还原糖含量(68.844％)以及抗坏血酸含量(89.488 mg.g1)最高,安椹的总黄酮含量(26.468 mg·g-1)、总多酚含量(25.190 mg·g-1)、DPPH清除能力(25.202mg·g-1Vc当量)和ABTS清除能力(51.778mg·g-1Vc当量)均显著高于其他品种.9个品种桑椹共检测出59种香气化合物,主要分为酯、醇、酮、醛、酸5大类,相对含量从高到低依次为酯类(35.71％)、醛类(28.57％)、酸类(14.29％)、醇类(7.14％)和酮类(7.14％).香气物质种类最多的为东光大白(36种),其他依次为桂花(34种)、白玉王(33种)、安椹(28种)、节曲(27种),其余4个品种香气成分种类较少.[结论]9个品种桑椹营养、香气成分与抗氧化能力存在显著差异(p＜0.05),PCA结果显示蒙桑的F值最高为1.611,其次是白玉王和安椹,这3个品种的综合品质最佳,适宜作为深度开发的优良果桑品种.

[目的]系统研究质构仪不同探头、测试速度、最大感应元、最小感应元、形变量对桑葚质地品质的影响,为建立标准、规范的鉴定桑葚质地品质的方法提供理论依据.[方法]以黑果期冀桑501(安葚)果实为实验材料,采用质构仪的TPA模式,用P/2、P/5和P/103种探头进行对比试验,以选取合适的仪器探头.通过正交试验,设定探头P/5对桑葚进行试验,确定最佳质地特性测定的条件.[结果]P/5型探头最适合分析桑葚的质地品质;桑葚最佳质地特性测定的条件为形变量50％,最大感应元400 N,最小感应元0.3 N,测试速度60 mm· min-1.[结论]初步建立了采用质构仪运用TPA方法鉴定桑葚质地品质的方法,丰富了桑葚质地品质评价的内容.

本研究旨在探讨桑叶蛋白血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)抑制肽的酶解制备方法,从木瓜蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、芽孢杆菌蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶6种蛋白酶中筛选出最佳蛋白酶,并运用单因素逐级优化法对酶解反应的底物浓度、加酶量、温度、pH、酶解时间进行参数优化.选取这6种常用蛋白酶,利用酶解法制备桑叶蛋白多肽,以ACE抑制率为主要指标,水解度为辅助指标,研究桑叶多肽对ACE抑制活性的影响.结果 表明,酶解效果最佳的酶为芽孢杆菌蛋白酶,最佳酶解参数为底物质量浓度20 g/L、加酶量7.5％、温度60℃、pH7.0和酶解时间50 min,此时酶解产物的ACE抑制率为81.51％,水解度为15.86％.

为开发药效显著、生物利用度高、服用方便的桑叶药用产品,采用传统中药滴丸的制备工艺,分别以桑叶水提取物和乙醇提取物为原料制备桑叶提取物滴丸,以滴丸的成型性为考核指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验,选择制备桑叶滴丸的最佳原料及工艺技术条件.试验结果表明,用桑叶醇提物制备的滴丸混匀效果好,色泽均一,口感优于水提物,其最佳制备工艺条件为:将聚乙二醇4000和聚乙二醇6000按3∶1质量比混合后作为基质,桑叶醇提物与基质的质量比为1∶5,以二甲基硅油350 CS作为冷凝剂,药液温度为90 ℃,冷却液温度以10～40℃梯度冷却,滴距6cm,滴速30滴/min.在此条件下制备的桑叶提取物滴丸硬度和圆整度较好,成型率较高,符合《中华人民共和国药典》对滴丸的质量要求.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of yeast extract powder ( YEP) on the con-tent of triglyceride and the metabolism of uric acid ( UA) in hemolymph of silkworms ( Bombyx mori) . The silkworm variety "Jingsong × Haoyue" was used as experimental material. Choosing similar size and develop-ment of 600 silkworms randomly divided into four groups with each group had three replicates and each repli-cate had 50 silkworms ( half male and half female) . Fifth instar larvae of silkworms in experimental groups ( groups JM1, JM2 and JM3) were fed fresh mulberry leaves painted with 1％, 2％ and 4％ YEP solution,re-spectively, and those in control group were fed fresh mulberry leaves painted with distilled water. The UA con-tent, triglyceride ( TG) content and xanthine oxidase ( XOD) activity in hemolymph of silkworms were detec-ted after feeding with different concentrations of YEP for 3, 4 and 5 days. The results showed that the body weight growth rate of silkworms increased significantly after feeding with different concentrations of YEP for 5 days compared with the control group ( P<0.05) , but no significant differences were found among experimen-tal groups ( P>0.05) , and with the increase of YEP concentration, the body weight growth rate showed a trend of decline. The content of TG in hemolymph of silkworms after feeding with different concentrations of YEP for 5 days was 1.42 to 1.98 times higher than that of control group, and the differences between the control group and the groups JM1 or JM2 were significant ( P<0.05) . The content of UA in hemolymph of silkworms of each group showed a trend of decline with the extension of time. Compared with the 3rd day, the content of UA in hemolymph of silkworms of each group was significantly decreased compared with the 5th day ( P<0.05) . The content of UA in hemolymph of silkworms of each time point showed a trend of increase with the increase of YEP concentration, but the differences were not significant between the control group and the ex-perimental groups ( P>0.05) . The activity of XOD in hemolymph of silkworms of each time point was signifi-cantly higher than that of control group ( P<0.05) , but it was firstly increased and then decreased with the in-crease of YEP concentration. There was a significant or an extremely significant correlation between the content of UA and the activity of XOD in hemolymph of silkworms ( P<0.05 or P<0.01) , and the correlation coeffi-cient ranged from 0.652 to 0.902. It is concluded that feeding a certain concentration of YEP can lead to increa-ses of UA content, TG content and XOD activity in hemolymph, thus affecting the UA metabolism of silk-worms.

To explore the molecular mechanism of miR164 and its target genes in response to abiotic stress.In this study,we took Jisang No.3 as test material,treated with NaC1 and mannitol,and conducted analysis with bioinformatics,5'-RACE and RT-qPCR.Three NAC genes (Morus012149,Morus013575 and Morus006482,nameed CUC2,NAC100a and NAC100b) were found to be targets of miR164 in mulberry,which were further confirmed via 5'-RACE,and the cleavage site was between the 10thand 11thbase of the complementary sites.RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of miR164 and the target genes in different tissues.The results showed that miR164 exerted biological functions by regulating the expression of CUC2,NAC100a and NAC100b in stem and male flowers.The expression level of miR164 was significant higher in the leaves under low concentration (150 mmol·L-1) of mannitol stress than control.The expression of miR164 was close to control under high concentration (300 mmol·L-1) of mannitol stress.The expression level of miR164 increased with the increase of NaCl concentration.Target genes had different response under different stresses in mulberry.This study can help to reveal the molecular regulation mechanism of miR164 regulating NAC in the response to abiotic stress.

为了探索蛋白质磷酸化在高温环境胁迫中发挥的作用,以秋丰×白玉家蚕为试验材料,将5龄第3天的家蚕放置在40℃培养箱内热激10 min,以未热激的家蚕为对照,利用双向电泳和质谱技术对后部丝腺磷酸化蛋白进行了分析和鉴定.结果发现,与对照相比,9个磷酸化蛋白在短期的热激之后表达量下降,包括腺苷酸激酶,延伸因子EF-1 δ、EF-1 β ',核糖体蛋白P0、P1、P2以及轻链丝心蛋白等.GO分析表明,这些蛋白质主要参与能量代谢和丝心蛋白合成.对以上磷酸化蛋白的结构和功能进行分析,并利用NetPhos工具进行磷酸化位点预测,结果表明,这些蛋白质二级结构主要以α螺旋或无规则卷曲为主,无跨膜结构域,均存在磷酸化修饰.

以家蚕品种秋丰(Q)、白玉(B)及其杂交组合秋丰×白玉(QB)为试验材料,利用双向电泳和质谱技术研究40℃热激处理对家蚕幼虫血液蛋白质组的影响,分析热激处理后亲本品种和杂交组合血液免疫相关蛋白的表达差异.在双向电泳图谱显示的供试家蚕品种及其杂交组合分离较好的蛋白点中,有87.67％的蛋白点表现为加性效应(additivity)的表达模式,7.15％的蛋白点表现超显性(over-dominance)表达模式,5.17％的蛋白点表现为超隐性(under-dominance)表达模式.对25个差异表达的蛋白点进行质谱鉴定,根据基因注释有7个蛋白点与免疫应激有关.在短时间的高温刺激后,热激关联蛋白(h2)、肽聚糖识别蛋白(h25)、亲环素样蛋白(h26)、促进蛋白(h27)和载脂蛋白Ⅲ(h28)等5个蛋白点在2个亲本品种及其杂交组合的幼虫血液中均呈现上调表达趋势,尤其是杂交组合与2个亲本品种相比上调表达更为显著.研究结果表明,家蚕在热激条件下,短时间内可以通过提高免疫系统的应激能力以增强自身对环境胁迫的耐受性,而且杂交组合与亲本品种相比在抗逆性方面表现突出,对高温刺激更加敏感,这也在一定程度上揭示了家蚕的抗逆性存在杂种优势.

高温饲育环境是造成夏秋蚕减产的主要原因之一.为了研究持续高温对家蚕血液蛋白质组的变化,采用双向电泳和质谱技术,分析了高温胁迫后家蚕原种和杂交种血液蛋白的表达差异.结果发现,有87.79％的蛋白点表现出加性模式,有6.73％表现为超显性,而5.49％则表现为显性不足.在鉴定的28个差异蛋白中,热激结合蛋白(h2)、氨基酰化酶(h9)、血液保幼激素结合蛋白(h14)、羟基丙酮酸异构酶(h23)和家蚕生物钟蛋白(h24)5个蛋白在杂交种和原种中差异较大.这些结果暗示了杂交种可能是通过热激关联蛋白的高度表达来直接抵御高温胁迫,通过加速能量代谢和生长发育来避免高温带来的伤害.

采用双向电泳和质谱技术对热激条件下家蚕血液蛋白表达差异进行了研究,发现其中一个差异蛋白点为热激关联蛋白(Hsc 70-4).采用生物信息学方法对该蛋白的结构和功能相关信息进行分析,发现Hsc70-4蛋白在热激处理10 min后显著上调,分析认为该蛋白的主要作用为胁迫应答,在进化关系上与家蚕和茎夜蛾具有极高的同源性.

BACKGROUND:The major royal jelly proteins/yellow (MRJP/YELLOW) family possesses several physiological and chemical functions in the development of Apis mellifera and Drosophila melanogaster. Each protein of the family has a conserved domain named MRJP. However, there is no report of MRJP/YELLOW family proteins in the Lepidoptera.RESULTS:Using the YELLOW protein sequence in Drosophila melanogaster to BLAST silkworm EST database, we found a gene family composed of seven members with a conserved MRJP domain each and named it YELLOW protein family of Bombyx mori. We completed the cDNA sequences with RACE method. The protein of each member possesses a MRJP domain and a putative cleavable signal peptide consisting of a hydrophobic sequence. In view of genetic evolution, the whole Bm YELLOW protein family composes a monophyletic group, which is distinctly separate from Drosophila melanogaster and Apis mellifera. We then showed the tissue expression profiles of Bm YELLOW protein family genes by RT-PCR.CONCLUSION:A Bombyx mori YELLOW protein family is found to be composed of at least seven members. The low homogeneity and unique pattern of gene expression by each member among the family ensure us to prophesy that the members of Bm YELLOW protein family would play some important physiological functions in silkworm development.

The number of the cell and the activity of phenoloxidase in Bombyx mori parasitized by the larva of Exorista sorbillans Wiedemann was investigated.The results showed that the amount of the granular cell and plasmatocytes of the parasitized silkworm increased significantly.They were about 6.81×10~(6) /mL in 16~24 h after parasitized,increased by 4.76×10~(6) /mL compared to control.The melaninization of the haemolymph quickened and the melanin increased.At the same time,the activity of the phenoloxidase in haemolymoph increased from 7 U/mg to 34 U/mg in six days.

In order to obtain the whole genome of Antheraea pernyi nucleopolyhedrovirus (ApNPV), we established the genomic library by digesting the genome DNA with BamHⅠ and SalⅠ and cloning with pGEM-3Z.Results of measuring and megaligning the inserted sequence showed that the odv-e 56 gene which coded the occlusion-derived virus envelope fusion protein is acquired. It has a late gene motif TTAAG and behaves similary to all baculovirus late genes, its open reading frame (ORF) has 1 125 base pairs and encodes 374 amino acids. By comparing the identities of nucleotide acid sequences and amino acid sequences with homologous baculoviruses, we found that the ApNPV gene odv-e 56 was high homologous with that of Choristoneura fumiferana nucleopolyhedrovirus (CfNPV) and Orgyia pseudotsugata nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpNPV), but lower homologous with that of Neodiprion lecontei nucleopolyhedrovirus (NlNPV) and Neodiprion sertifer nucleopolyhedrovirus(NsNPV). From the evolution of the nucleopolyhedrovirus, we concluded that the evolution of ApNPV odv-e 56 had two kinds of ways: one is point mutation and the other is short of amino sequence.

大蒜(Allium Satium L.)属于百合科葱属二年生草本植物,以鳞茎、花茎、嫩叶为主要产品.从古到今,人们就一直用大蒜来治疗疾病.我国的<本草纲目>就有记载:大蒜有散痛肿、除风邪、消毒气、去风湿、疗疮鲜、健脾胃、止霍乱、解瘟疫等疗效.近年来的研究表明,大蒜素有独特的药理活性.Miron T报道大蒜素容易透过磷脂膜和血红细胞膜进入细胞内,从而与一些截留巯基化合物(如:谷胱苷肽、2-氮-5羟基苯甲酸酯)相互作用,达到其药用价值.

A serviceable method of determining mulberry leaf fluoride with a Fluorine ion counter was studied, two sample prepared methods to determine influence of result was probed. Comparing sour alkali soak with perchloric acid soak, there is a remarkable difference, sour alkali soak results on the lower side. Based on this,a new method to determine the fresh leaf with Fluorine ion counter directly was set up. Survey result indicates that this method is convenient, swift and lower costs, the error is allowed in statistical analysis.