IntroductionMultidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica (S. enterica) poses a serious threat to animal and public health because of increasingly limited treatment options. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a potential microbiota-based intervention; however, its effects on MDR Salmonella infection and pathogen-associated antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) dynamics remain unclear.MethodsA murine diarrhea model was established using the clinical MDR S. enterica isolate P174, and infected mice were treated with FMT. Clinical symptoms, intestinal pathology, transcriptional inflammatory responses, gut microbiota composition, and ARG profiles of recovered Salmonella isolates were evaluated. Whole-genome sequencing was used to characterize resistance determinants, and the stability of ARGs and IncHI2A backbone markers was further assessed during 19 in vitro passages.ResultsFMT reduced diarrhea, promoted body weight recovery, and alleviated intestinal tissue injury and inflammatory cell infiltration. Colonic expression of Tnf, Il1b, and Il6 decreased, whereas Il10 expression increased. FMT was also associated with partial recovery of gut microbial diversity, increased relative abundances of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and other commensal anaerobic taxa, and reduced Salmonella abundance. Whole-genome sequencing showed that blaOXA-1, floR, oqxA, and oqxB were co-localized on an IncHI2A-associated plasmid sequence. Loss of these resistance determinants increased over time in isolates recovered from FMT-treated mice, whereas no loss of the four ARGs or the IncHI2A backbone markers repB and parB was detected during 19 in vitro passages. Among isolates showing simultaneous loss of all four ARGs, nearly all also lacked detectable repB and parB, whereas isolates with partial ARG loss retained both markers. These patterns were consistent with both backbone-associated loss and resistance-region deletion or rearrangement. Most ARG-loss isolates showed reduced antimicrobial resistance.DiscussionFMT alleviated MDR S. enterica-induced intestinal disease and was associated with partial recovery of gut microbiota characteristics and increased instability and loss of IncHI2A-associated resistance determinants in vivo. These findings suggest a potential association between intestinal microbial ecological changes and altered maintenance patterns of resistance-associated genetic elements in MDR S. enterica.

The transferable resistance genes optrA and poxtA mediate cross-resistance to florfenicol and linezolid, posing serious challenges to both veterinary and human healthcare. Swine farms serve as critical ecological niches for the development and dissemination of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) strains. However, the mechanisms by which E. faecium harboring optrA and poxtA disseminates and persists across the human-animal-environment interface remain unclear. In this study, 61 multidrug-resistant E. faecium isolates carrying optrA and/or poxtA were recovered from swine, farm workers, and surrounding environments. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, conjugation assays, whole-genome sequencing, and phylogenomic analysis were performed. The predominant resistance genes were optrA (78.7

Leonurine has been demonstrated to exert significant therapeutic effects against Salmonella enteritidis induced intestinal inflammation; however, its precise mechanism of action in combating Salmonella infection remains unclear. In this study, a Salmonella infection IEC6 cell model was established to evaluate the efficacy of leonurine in combating Salmonella infection using CCK8, cytopathic effect (CPE) analysis, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and flow cytometry. Subsequent integration of network pharmacology, transcriptomics, and molecular docking revealed potential targets and signaling pathways, which were further validated by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Immunofluorescence and TEM revealed that leonurine effectively inhibited bacterial invasion and intracellular proliferation. Flow cytometry and CPE assays demonstrated its ability to alleviate cellular damage and inhibit apoptosis. The integrated network pharmacology transcriptomics molecular docking analysis revealed robust interactions between leonurine and PTGS2, PARP1, and mTOR. Mechanistic validation confirmed that leonurine inhibits Salmonella invasion via the modulation of tight junction proteins and restricts intracellular bacterial proliferation by regulating ferroptosis and autophagy signaling pathways. This study reveals the potential targets and molecular mechanisms through which leonurine combats Salmonella infection, providing a scientific foundation for the prevention and control of salmonellosis.

Chromeno[3-b,4]chromenes have demonstrated promise as potent pharmaceuticals with a wide range of therapeutic activities and antibacterial potential against many pathogenic bacteria including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. This study brings a new heterojunction CeO2/CuWO4 photocatalyst, which combines cerium dioxide (CeO2) with copper tungstate (CuWO4) to achieve a novel photocatalyst with enhanced performance. Characterization of CeO2/ CuWO4 was performed by utilizing FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared), XRD (X-ray diffraction), FE-SEM (field emission scanning electron microscopy), EDS (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), DRS (Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy) and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) analysis. CeO2/CuWO4 proved to be a highly effective photocatalyst to prepare a range of chromeno[3-b,4]chromene derivatives. Experimental parameters such as photocatalyst amount, reaction duration, temperature, and solvent are optimized carefully to achieve the best condition. The final optimal reaction condition for synthesis of [3-b,4]chromenone derivatives using CeO2/ CuWO4 was established as 1 mmol of starting materials involving dimedone, 4-hydroxycoumarin, and benzaldehyde in 3 mL ethanol in the presence of 10 mg photocatalyst under illumination with a commercial green laser at room temperature for 20 min. In addition, the hot filtration test confirmed no significant leaching of photocatalyst ingredients into the reaction medium. Moreover, XRD and FT-IR pattern of the reused CeO2/CuWO4 after five runs affirmed no important changes in the structure of the photocatalyst. Preliminary mechanistic studies on the involved reactive oxygen species showed that center dot OH, center dot O2-, and h+ are expected to be concerned in the present photocatalytic reaction. This experiment was performed by studying role of some common scavengers on the yield %. Isopropyl alcohol, p-benzoquinone, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid were, respectively, utilized to scavenge hydroxyl free radical, center dot O2-, and h+ active species. The results of this study underscored the significance of CeO2/CuWO4 heterojunction in the photocatalytic multi-component organic synthesis with good to excellent yields of 65-98 %.

Berberine (BBR) is an alkaloid derived from traditional Chinese herbal remedies, like Huanglian and Huangbai. It possesses a range of anti-inflammatory properties but is known to cause significant irritation upon injection and has a poor taste when consumed orally, with limited absorption into the body. Berberine microcapsules (BBR-M) were developed using solid dispersion (SD) and microcapsule technology for a Salmonella enteritidis-infected mouse enteritis model experiment to test their efficacy in regulating Salmonella enteritidis by analyzing RT- qPCR testing results, alongside 16 S rDNA sequencing data and immunohistochemistry analysis to determine the dosage and mechanism of action of BBR-M. The results demonstrated that BBR-M exhibited good intestinal sustained-release characteristics and storage stability. Each dose of BBR-M could alleviate intestinal injury, modulating immunoglobulin profiles and differentially regulating pro-inflammatory (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokine expression; particularly at the 40 mg/kg dosage, it significantly restored microbial homeostasis through selective reduction of enteropathogens (Escherichia coli, Shigella, Klebsiella, Salmonella) and enrichment of commensal probiotics (Akkermansia muciniphila). Collectively, these findings position the medium-dose BBR-M regimen as a promising therapeutic candidate for Salmonella enteritidis enteritis intervention, demonstrating optimal efficacy in pathogen clearance, inflammatory modulation, and intestinal barrier restoration.

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/article-withdrawal).This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief.The article duplicates significant parts of a manuscript (textual overlap and identical data) that has been submitted (and rejected) by other authors previously. The Editor-in-Chief reached out to the authors for an explanation, but they failed to provide a satisfactory explanation.In addition, concerns have been raised regarding figures (e.g. Fig S1 and Fig S6), showing signs of excessive manipulation. To facilitate a thorough examination and ensure the accuracy of the information reported in the article, the authors were asked for the raw data of the article. The authors provided raw data of Fig S1 and Fig S6, however discrepancies were present, and concerns were not resolved.The NMR data was provided by a commercial company, but no acknowledgement has been given. The authors were unable to provide the spectra and details about the company.A decision to retract the article was made in accordance with the journal's commitment to upholding the highest standards of scientific integrity and accuracy in published research.

2-substituted benzimidazoles are important pharmaceuticals with a wide range of therapeutic activities and because of their antibacterial potential against many pathogenic bacteria including Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria including Klebsiella pneumoniae. This study unveils a new strategy for addressing environmental issues and global energy through the in-situ photocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohols to benzaldehydes, followed by the synthesis of a variety of 2-substituted benzimidazoles by the presence of CuO-Ag2WO4-Ni foam p-n heterojunction photocatalyst. This innovative photocatalyst demonstrates unparalleled catalytic performance, facilitating the synthesis of benzimidazoles in remarkably high yields via condensation with o-phenylenediamine. Utilizing an extensive suite of characterization techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and Mott-Schottky analysis, revealed the structural robustness and distinctive nanostructure of the catalyst. Under the illumination of a green laser (lambda 535 nm) in an aqueous environment, the CuO-Ag2WO4-Ni foam exhibited extraordinary stability and reusability, coupled with ease of separation from reaction mixture. The unique morphology of the foam, characterized by a highly porous architecture and expanded surface area, plays a critical role in enhancing photocatalytic activity by promoting effective charge separation and transfer mechanisms. The proposed photocatalytic mechanism is driven by reactive species, including superoxide radicals (center dot O2-) and hydroxyl radicals (OH center dot), along with photogenerated holes (h+). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Mott-Schottky analyses elucidate the intricacies of charge transport dynamics and semiconductor properties intrinsic to the photocatalyst. The minimal leaching of catalytic species during repeated catalytic cycles underscores its practical viability for industrial applications.

Background/Objectives: The global dissemination of tet(X) variants critically threatens tigecycline efficacy as a last-resort antibiotic. The aim of this study was to characterize a tet(X6)-carrying integrative and conjugative element (ICE) in a multidrug-resistant Chryseobacterium lecithinasegens strain, SHZ29, isolated from Shanghai, China. Methods: Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by broth microdilution for SHZ29. Whole genomic sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were performed to depict the structure of the novel tet(X6)-carrying ICE. Inverse PCR and conjugation experiments were conducted to investigate the transfer ability of the ICE. Results: We depicted a novel tet(X6)-carrying ICE, named ICECleSHZ29, which is 74,906 bp in size and inserted into the 3' end of tRNA-Met-CAT gene of the C. lecithinasegens strain SHZ29, with 17 bp direct repeats (5'-tcccgtcttcgctacaa-3'). This ICE possesses a 38 kb conserved backbone and four variable regions (VR1-4), with VR3 aggregating multiple resistance genes, including tet(X6), tet(X2), erm(F), ere(D), floR, catB, sul2, ant(6)-I and blaOXA-1327. NCBI database searching identified 13 additional ICEs sharing a similar backbone to ICECleSHZ29. These ICECleSHZ29-like ICEs could be classified into two types based on their distinct insertion sites: Type I, inserted at the tRNA-Met-CAT gene; and Type II, inserted at the tRNA-Glu-TTC gene. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that differences in integrases may result in differences in the insertion site among these ICEs. A circular intermediate form of ICECleSHZ29 was detected by inverse PCR. However, the conjugation experiments using Escherichia coli EC600 as recipients failed. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this study provides the first report of tet(X6) in C. lecithinasegens and characterizes its carrier, a novel ICE: ICECleSHZ29.

The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of berberine (BBR) on Salmonella enteritis in broiler chickens and to elucidate its mechanisms of action preliminarily. Blood samples were collected from 21- to 35-day-old Sanhuang male chicks to measure immune and biochemical indicators and to calculate the organ coefficients for the liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius, and thymus. The caecal microbiota was analysed through 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing, and transcriptome sequencing was conducted. Compared with the positive control group (S), the berberine-treated group (BS) presented increased serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels, serum IgG levels, and total antioxidant capacity; berberine ameliorated the increase in the thymus index caused by Salmonella administration. The addition of berberine to the diet increased the abundance of beneficial bacterial genera, including Bacteroides and Lactobacillus. It also decreased the abundance of harmful bacterial genera, including Faecalibacterium and Streptococcus. Transcriptome analysis revealed that gene expression in the S and BS groups was associated with T cell selection and B cell receptor signalling pathways, which are enriched primarily in multiple immune-related signalling pathways, including the B cell receptor signalling pathway, NF-κ B signalling pathway, intestinal immune network for IgA production, asthma, and African trypanosomiasis. The significantly expressed genes included ATAD5, ERP29, MGST2, PIK3CA, and HSP90AA1. The present study demonstrated that berberine has a good therapeutic effect on Salmonella infection in chicks, as it inhibits the occurrence and development of Salmonella-induced intestinal inflammation by regulating the balance of the gut microbiota and the expression of related genes, including ATAD5, ERP29, MGST2, PIK3CA, and HSP90AA1.

To address the severe problem of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) resistance, this study identified a single component from traditional Chinese medicine that, when used in combination with existing antibiotics, enhances the therapeutic efficacy of the antimicrobial drugs. Using the micro broth dilution method and the checkerboard dilution method, susceptibility tests were conducted on ten commonly used β-lactam antibiotics against eleven strains of MRSA. It was found that cefquinome sulfate exhibits synergistic activity with PROs. The results indicate that among the ten antibiotics tested, five-potassium penicillin, ampicillin, ceftazidime, amoxicillin and CEFS had resistance rates exceeding 70%, indicating a serious resistance situation. Synergistic antibacterial effects showed that 25μg/mL of PROs could reduce the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CEFS against MRSA strains from 8μg/mL to 1μg/mL, with a fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of 0.38±0.0, thus restoring the sensitivity of MRSA. These findings suggest the need for regular and continuous monitoring of the clinical distribution and resistance of MRSA in pig farms and implementing effective measures to prevent or control MRSA infections.

针对部分青年教师忽视实验教学、无法准确把握实验教学规律、对生产实践缺乏了解和研究等问题,文章立足学校办学方针和专业特点,通过实施"三项举措"(新进教师导师团队指导、教学展示及观摩、基地驻训活动),落实"两个保障"(制度保障和经费保障),常建"一个平台"(实验教学平台),成功构建了动物医学专业青年教师"321"实验教学能力培养体系.经过5年的实践检验,该培养体系显著提高了青年教师的实验教学能力,有效提升了实验教学质量,促进了学科和专业建设,具有一定的推广应用价值.

主要结合兽医药理学课程阐明其在执业兽医资格考试中的重要性,探讨考核方法与教学环节,进一步改进教学方法,为学生未来择业、就业奠定基础,同时提高教学质量.

为了解新疆昌吉某鸡场鸡源大肠杆菌对临床常用抗菌药物的耐药情况.从新疆昌吉滨湖镇某鸡场采集不同品种鸡的肛拭子样并分离大肠杆菌,采用琼脂稀释法检测其对抗菌药物的耐药情况.结果显示,该鸡场乌鸡、芦花鸡和公鸡三个品种中分离的大肠杆菌均对10种抗生素中的喹诺酮类和氨基糖苷类有极高的耐药性,最高可达98％.乌鸡携带的大肠杆菌对氨苄西林耐药率显著低于芦花鸡、对阿米卡星耐药率显著高于芦花鸡.乌鸡携带的大肠杆菌对诺氟沙星、恩诺沙星、阿米卡星耐药率显著高于公鸡,对头孢噻呋和氨苄西林药率显著低于公鸡.芦花鸡携带的大肠杆菌对诺氟沙星、恩诺沙星耐药率显著高于公鸡,对头孢噻呋耐药率显著低于公鸡.总体来说,此鸡场大肠杆菌对常用抗生素耐药情况较为严重,此鸡场耐药率高,耐药谱广,须在临床治疗细菌性疾病中避开使用不敏感的抗生素.

In this study， we aimed to explore the impact of exogenous multidrug resistant （MDR） Salmonella Typhimurium on gut microbiota of healthy mice. Twenty-five mice were randomly divided into quality control group （C）， one day gavage group （G1）， three days gavage group （G2）， five days gavage group （G3） and seven days gavage group （G4）， with 5 mice in each group. Resistant Salmonella Typhimurium from swine carrying drug resistance genes was administered to mice in experimental groups except the quality control group by gavage at a concentration of 10 6 CFU/mL. Fresh fecal samples were collected on day 0 before gavage and day 1-14 after gavage. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the diversity of gut microbiota in feces of mice after gavage. The results showed as follows: （1） Compared with group C， all experimental groups showed mild diarrhea after gavage， MDR Salmonella Typhimurium was isolated from fecal samples with the same type as gavage bacteria， and there was no significant difference in the isolation rate. （2） The Chao1， Goods＿coverage and Observed＿species indices in Alpha diversity of gut microbiota in experimental group were significantly higher than those in group C; （3） The relative abundance of Epsilonbacteraeota and Helicobacteraceae at phylum and genus level in groups G2， G3 and G4 was significantly lower than that in group C （P＜0.05）. According to LEfSe analysis， Epsilonbacteraeota phylum and Helicobacter genus were significantly enriched and had the highest abundance in group C. （4） A total of 10 metabolic pathways were screened out from the gut microbiota of mice in each experimental group and group C. Compared with group C， the glycogen degradation Ⅱ metabolic pathway in G1 group was down-regulated， while the thiol biosynthesis and NAD biosynthesis Ⅱ metabolic pathways in G2， G3 and G4 groups were significantly up-regulated （P＜0.05） to regulate gut balance. In conclusion， persistent infection with MDR Salmonella Typhimurium can increase the diversity and richness of intestinal flora in mice. Long-term oral administration of MDR Salmonella Typhimurium can promote the regulation of intestinal flora through metabolic pathways. However， due to the complexity of intestinal flora itself， the self-regulation and related mechanisms of intestinal flora need to be further studied.

Objectives In this study, the distribution of the oxazolidinone/phenicol resistance gene optrA and the mobile genetic elements involved in its dissemination were analysed among enterococcal isolates from a farrow-to-finish swine farm. Methods Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis isolates were obtained from all pig production stages in the farm. The optrA-carrying E. faecium and E. faecalis isolates were subjected to PFGE and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Complete sequences of the genetically unrelated optrA-carrying E. faecium and E. faecalis isolates were determined using Illumina HiSeq and MinION platforms. Results The optrA gene was present in 12.2% (23/188) of the E. faecium and E. faecalis isolates, most of which originated from nursery and finishing stages. The 23 optrA-positive Enterococcus isolates represented 15 PFGE types. WGS of representative isolates of the 15 PFGE types showed that optrA was carried by diverse genetic elements either located in the chromosomal DNA or on plasmids. A novel optrA-bearing genetic element was identified on two distinct multi-resistance plasmids from E. faecium. Two new hybrid plasmids carrying several resistance genes were found in two E. faecalis isolates. pC25-1-like plasmids and chromosomally integrated Tn6674 and Tn6823-like transposons were prevalent in the remaining Enterococcus isolates. Conclusions The gene optrA was found in genetically unrelated E. faecium and E. faecalis isolates from the same farm. Analysis of the genetic contexts of optrA suggested that horizontal transfer including different plasmids and transposons played a key role in the dissemination of optrA in this farm.

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida are two important bacterial pathogens in swine industry. In the present study, resistance profiles of nine commonly used antibiotics of A. pleuropneumoniae and P. multocida isolates of swine origin from different regions of China were investigated by determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). In addition, genetic relationship of the florfenicol-resistant A. pleuropneumoniae and P. multocida isolates was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The genetic basis of florfenicol resistance in these isolates were explored by floR detection and whole genome sequencing. High resistance rates (>25%) of florfenicol, tetracycline and trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole were observed for both bacteria. No ceftiofur- and tiamulin- resistant isolates were detected. Furthermore, all the 17 florfenicol-resistant isolates (nine for A. pleuropneumoniae and eight for P. multocida) were positive for floR gene. The presence of similar PFGE types in these isolates suggested that clonal expansion of some floR-producing strains occurred in the pig farms from same regions. WGS and PCR screening showed that three plasmids, named pFA11, pMAF5, and pMAF6, were the cargos of the floR genes in the 17 isolates. Plasmid pFA11 exhibited novel structure and carried several resistance genes, including floR, sul2, aacC2d, strA, strB, and bla(ROB - 1). Plasmids pMAF5 and pMAF6 were presented in A. pleuropneumoniae and P. multocida isolates from different regions, suggesting horizontal transfer of the two plasmids are important for the floR dissemination in these Pasteurellaceae pathogens. Further studies of florfenicol resistance and its transfer vectors in Pasteurellaceae bacteria of veterinary origin are warranted.

Tigecycline and carbapenems are a few of the last-resort antimicrobial agents used to treat serious infections caused by MDR bacteria.1–3 However, the emergence of mobile tigecycline and carbapenem resistance genes reduces their clinical efficacy. In September 2021, Pseudomonas stutzeri T75 was isolated from a porcine faecal sample in Liaoning province, China using brain heart infusion (BHI) agar plates supplemented with meropenem (1 mg/L) and tigecycline (4 mg/L). Strain T75 was identified to species level by 16S rRNA sequencing. Broth microdilution tests according to CLSI revealed that P. stutzeri T75 was resistant to meropenem, tigecycline, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, ceftazidime and cefepime, but susceptible to colistin. Carbapenemase genes were screened for by a multiplex PCR assay4 and the results showed that P. stutzeri T75 was positive for the blaVIM-2 gene. Of the mobile tigecycline resistance genes, including tet(A), tet(X) variants and tmexCD1-toprJ1,5 the tmexCD1-toprJ1 gene cluster was detected. WGS was performed using both Illumina HiSeq and Oxford Nanopore MinION platforms followed by hybrid assembly using Unicycler v 0.4.3.6 The genome was annotated automatically using RAST (https://rast.nmpdr.org/) followed by manual correction. The acquired antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and plasmid replicon types were identified with the CGE services (www.genomicepidemiology.org/services/). The plasmid relaxase typing was performed using MOB-typer software.7 Plasmid comparisons were visualized using Easyfig v 2.2.5.8

为了解新疆不同动物源粪肠球菌的耐药性和耐药基因携带情况,并指导临床针对不同动物合理用药,从新疆9个县区养殖场分别采集猪、牛、羊、骆驼、鸡和鸽的粪样共564份,进行粪肠球菌的分离鉴定.对分离得到的粪肠球菌采用CLSI推荐的琼脂稀释法进行11种抗菌药物最小抑菌浓度的测定,用PCR方法进行10种耐药基因的检测.结果显示:1)从不同动物中共分离得到242株粪肠球菌,分离率从高到低依次为鸡(95.2％,40/42)、猪(61.1％,55/90)、牛(35.9％,55/153)、羊(34.5％,38/110)、鸽(34.0％,34/100)、骆驼(29.0％,20/69).2)不同动物源粪肠球菌耐药严重程度从高到低依次为牛源、猪源、鸽源、鸡源、骆驼源和羊源.242株粪肠球菌对红霉素、四环素、利福平和多西环素的耐药率均高达80.0％以上,对恩诺沙星和氟苯尼考敏感性较高,未检出万古霉素和氨苄西林耐药菌株.分离株3耐以上占84.7％,以5耐和6耐为主.3)cfr与poxtA基因未检出,分离株tetM、aac(6')/aph(2")、aph(3')-Ⅲ和ermB耐药基因的携带率均高于70.0％.此外,检出近年来新发现的噁唑烷酮类耐药基因optrA(9.1％,22/242).综上,新疆不同动物源粪肠球菌呈现多药耐药率高、耐药谱广、耐药基因携带率高的特点,建议加强抗菌药物的规范使用,结合药敏试验结果,针对不同动物合理使用抗菌药物.

近年来,新疆南疆地区开始引进国外安格斯肉牛养殖.为了解该地区集约化安格斯肉牛繁育场的主要疫病流行现状和存在的生物安全问题,采用现场调查、问卷调查和实验室检测相结合的方式,对新疆喀什地区4个大中型集约化安格斯肉牛繁育场进行了调查.结果显示:4个牧场安格斯肉牛表现的临床症状主要是腹泻,其次是肺炎;导致犊牛腹泻的病毒性病原主要是牛冠状病毒(BCV)、牛诺如病毒(BNoV),阳性检出率分别为19.93％、15.20％,导致肺炎的主要是牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒(IBRV)、牛腺病毒3型(BAV-3),阳性检出率分别为28.24％、14.12％.4个牧场在防疫设施设备建设、消毒制度落实、人流物流管控、规章制度建设以及饲养管理、鼠害蝇害防控和无害化处理等生物安全方面均存在不同程度的隐患.结果提示,南疆地区安格斯肉牛繁育场要加强BCV、BNoV、IBRV、BAV-3等病毒感染的防控,通过加强免疫,降低牛群腹泻和肺炎的发病率,通过严格生物安全控制,防止外部病原传入.本调查为南疆地区国外引进安格斯肉牛的动物疫病防控提供了依据.