Many papers have been published in the field of mycorrhizal research because of the development of scientific technology and the widespread use of mycorrhizal technology.In this paper,the progress of mycorrhizal studies and their applications in China are reviewed.On the basis of the 1 166papers published from 2006to 2010,we analyzed the progress made by Chinese scientists during this period.The main results,including mycorrhizal nutrition,mycorrhizal ecology,use of molecular technology in mycorrhizal studies and the effects of mycorrhizal infection on plant resistance are discussed.The applications of mycorrhiza at the plant nursery stage and in edible fungus production are also discussed.The prospects for mycorrhizal studies and their applications in agricultural and forestry fields in the future are addressed.

Arbuscular mycorrhizae(AM) are the symbionts between AM fungi and plant roots in natural and artificial ecosystems.AM symbionts could decrease the harmful stress from heavy metals and regulate the heavy metals uptake and translocate to their host plants.In order to discover the physiological and molecular mechanism of heavy metals tolerance induced by AM fungi,the function and strategies of AM symbionts were discussed in this paper: 1) the fungal hyphae could immobilize heavy metals and restrict the translocation of heavy metals from roots to shoots;2) chelating substances could immobilize heavy metals;3) AM fungi could promote the nutrient acquisition to host plants;4) AM fungi could regulate the distribution of heavy metals in host plants;5) AM fungi could influence the anti-oxidative enzymes system activity and hormones in host plants;6) the molecular mechanisms that AM fungi regulate heavy metal uptake and translocation.On the basis,this study focused on the possibility of using the system of AM-soil microbiology-host plant for remediation of heavy metals polluted soil in future.

[Objective] The aim was to study the effects of meteorological factors on photosynthetic physiological characteristics of Pennisetum centrasiaticum Tzvel.[Method] With healthy leaves from good p.centrasiaticum plants as the materials,their vivo detection was conducted with Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system to study the diurnal variations of their photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate and their relationships with meteorological factors.[Result] P.centrasiaticum were C4 plants and they had no midday depression of photosynthesis.The diurnal variations of photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of P.centrasiaticum were all single peak curve,and the highest value of photosynthetic rate appeared at 12:00 am and that of transpiration rate appeared at 14:00 pm.The net photosynthetic rate of P.centrasiaticum had very significant positive correlation with light intensity,but it had no obvious correlation with relative humidity,temperature and leaf temperature.The transpiration rate of P.centrasiaticum had significant positive correlation with temperature and leaf temperature,and it had very significant positive correlation with intensity,but it had significant negative correlation with relative humidity.[Conclusion] The optimum irrigation time for P.centrasiaticum was 10:00 am and 18:00 pm in 1 d.

In order to examine the influence of microsymbionts on plants, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and rhizobia were used to examine the growth of Lathyrus sativus under sulphate salt stress. Seedlings of L. sativus were inoculated with a combination of selected microsymbionts. Plants were grown under greenhouse conditions with five Na 2 SO 4 concentrations (0, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% (weight : weight)). The inoculations combinations used were the AM fungus, Glomus mosseae and/or the rhizobium, Mesorhizobium mediterraneum . The results showed that sulphate salinity inhibited plant growth and biomass production. However, compared with the control treatments, dual-inoculation of G. mosseae and M. mediterraneum reduced the harmful influence of sulphate salinity. Parmeters including plant height, the extent of AM colonization, total biomass, nodules biomass, P concentration, N concentration and proline concentration confirmed that dual inoculation plays a vital role in promoting the growth of L. sativus under sulphate salt stress. The results suggested that the use of this dual inoculation could be exploited in grassland plantation establishment and in pastoral ecosystem reclamation programmes in arid and semi-arid areas subject to moderate salt contamination.