Nuclear safety concerns the development of the cause of putting nuclear energy and technology to good use, environmental safety, and the public interest. The public participation of nuclear safety is an important means of popularizing safety knowledge and eliminating public concerns. Social psychology is a branch of psychology that studies the social phenomena of individuals and groups. In fact, the public participation of nuclear safety is a collective activity for citizens to integrate into nuclear safety and participate in nuclear safety. The theoretical root of public participation is social psychology. Using social psychology to analyze the behavior and ideas of various stakeholders in public participation can effectively enhance the relevance and effectiveness of public participation. Therefore, it is very important to carry out public safety research based on social psychology. This paper investigates the present situation of public participation of nuclear safety, and analyze the misunderstandings of current public participation based on social psychology: Public participation requires a high level of knowledge because more knowledgeable people are more supportive of nuclear energy; The public must either support or oppose nuclear energy, without a third option; Public opposition to nuclear energy is attributed to insufficient public participation; Wrong views should be downplayed and will disappear over time; Public participation is only the responsibility of dedicated staff. For these misunderstandings, this paper proposes a follow-up to the recommendations of public participation: Understand the conformity among individuals; Apply various measures to engage people from different groups to improve the effectiveness of public participation; Encourage extensive participation to create synergy; Step up international cooperation to promote public participation.

Radiation has the characteristics of being silent, colorless, odorless, invisible, and intangible. The public is deeply fearful and worried about radiation. Radiation has become “to mention the wolf’s name is to see the name”. Carrying out radiation science popularization is an effective way to crack the public’s fear. Research on public cognition of radiation is the basis of science popularization. Social psychology is a branch of psychology that studies public behavior dominated by psychology. Using social psychology can effectively analyze the psychology of public radiation cognition and improve the pertinence and effectiveness of science popularization. This paper investigates the current situation of public radiation cognition, and analyzes the existing problems of radiation cognition from the perspective of social psychology. It mainly includes that the public’s first impression of radiation is wrong, the public’s cognition of radiation is one-sided, ignoring the public’s needs, underestimating the public’s sense of resistance to radiation, underestimating the influence of wrong information, etc. In view of the above problems, this paper puts forward the methods to strengthen the pertinence and effectiveness of radiation cognition from the aspects of enhancing the effect of persuasion, paying attention to public needs, early public participation in radiation activities and reducing the impact of wrong information, so as to provide reference for radiation science popularization.

Radioactive source liability insurance refers to the form of insurance in which the insurer shall be liable for compensation according to law when the insured uses radioactive sources to cause radiation damage or environmental pollution to a third party and is claimed for compensation. This paper deeply investigates the practical experience of various countries in the field of radioactive source liability insurance; this type of insurance has a lot of mature application experience in Europe & US, the two major nuclear damage compensation convention systems have not yet stipulated the liability insurance of radioactive sources, European countries have a strong awareness of applying for radioactive source liability insurance. Then it makes a detailed analysis of the current laws and regulations in the field of nuclear technology utilization and the current situation of liability insurance in the field of radioactive sources in China. At present, there is no special law on liability insurance in the field of radioactive sources, there are still several problems, including the weak awareness of risk prevention of enterprises using nuclear technology, the lack of social responsibility of some enterprises and their unwillingness to buy insurance. In order to solve the above problems, the following four recommendations are made. First, improve the legal and policy system of radioactive source liability insurance in China. Second, pilot the implementation of radioactive source compulsory liability insurance in high-risk industries or enterprises. Third, promote personalized insurance rates and insurance limits. Fourth, carry out health damage insurance for employees in the field of radioactive sources at an appropriate time. Finally, it provides a strong and valuable reference for the future radioactive source liability insurance in China.

本文通过对突发公共事件与核事故两者相通性和不同特点的探讨,概述了我国核事故应急法规体系与组织体系现状,并透过此次新冠疫情应急与防控过程中暴露的薄弱环节,借鉴疫情防控工作中的经验教训和成功举措,基于我国核事故应急管理工作实际情况,提出对核事故应急管理的相关建议,希望对我国未来的核事故应急管理工作提供参考.

Nuclear medicine is developing rapidly as an emerging medical discipline. Using the unique advantages of medical isotopes for diagnosis and treatment is an indispensable and important means to improve people's health. In the process of nuclear medicine diagnosis and treatment in medical institutions, the generation and disposal of radioactive waste is an important part of nuclear medicine radiation safety management, which is related to the safety of nuclear medicine practitioners, patients, the public and the environment. This paper investigates the impact of radioactive waste water in the field of nuclear medicine in China on the ecological environment, summarizes the technical problems in the management of radioactive waste water in nuclear medicine, and puts forward recommendations for nuclear medicine radioactive waste water management and technology research and development.

放射源责任保险是指在被保险人使用放射源造成第三者受到辐射损害或环境污染,依法应负赔偿民事责任,并被提出赔偿要求时,保险人承担赔偿责任的保险形式.该险种在欧美国家有成熟的应用,本文旨在深入了解有关国家在放射源责任保险领域的实践经验,结合对我国核技术利用领域法规的分析,提出完善相关法律制度、在高风险行业或企业试点推行放射源强制责任保险、推行个性化的保险费率和保险限额、适时推行放射源领域从业人员健康损害保险等建议,为我国后续开展放射源责任保险工作提供借鉴参考.

Firstly analyzes the global energy development, analyzes the impact of carbon emission reduction on the global energy structure, and forecasts the future energy demand and nuclear energy development prospects in the future (by 2040). The growth rate will be higher than the average growth rate of energy; China is one of the countries with the strongest growth in nuclear energy. Then analyzes China primary energy production and consumption, the conclusion is that the absolute production and consumption of non-fossil energy is steadily increasing year by year. According to China’s “Two centenary goals” development goals and future global energy demand and structure (up to 2050) to measure the future installed capacity of nuclear powers, conclusion is that China “Two centenary goals” goals on nuclear power generation capacity is 3.08 million kWh, 10.15 million kWh; Based on the structure of global energy demand and China development policy, it is estimated that China nuclear power generation will be 0.4 million kWh by 2020 and 1.81 million kWh by 2050.Finally, according to the estimated nuclear power installed capacity under different scenarios, calculate the corresponding number of nuclear safety management talents in the future. The conclusion is that China should give full support to nuclear safety management talents development.

文章围绕核安全“十三五”规划完成情况,结合核安全“十四五”规划的新形势预判,提出核安全“十四五”规划要以“治未乱”为中心,聚焦核安全治理体系和治理能力现代化、核与辐射安全监管体系和监管能力现代化两大战略目标,实现从保障建设项目安全向保障核设施持续安全运行、从全面提高安全水平向补齐核安全事业短板、从关注短期安全向关注长期安全三大转变,提升事故预防和缓解能力、放射性废物处理处置能力、科技研发能力和监管能力四种能力,抓好保障核设施安全稳定运行、持续降低辐射环境安全风险、高效应对重大核安全风险、从严开展核与辐射安全监管、大力强化核安全公众沟通五项重点工作,做好完善法规标准、制定核安全政策、优化机制体制、培育核安全文化、增强科研能力、加强国际合作六项保障措施.

我国目前在环境领域已有环境污染责任保险,但与辐射相关的内容均作为除外条款,而近年来放射源数量逐年递增,给环境安全带来的潜在危险也不断加剧.辐射事故一旦发生,赔偿责任数额巨大,排污单位可能无力承担,受害人很难获得及时和足额的赔偿,给政府财政带来压力,亟须引入放射源责任保险.本文分析了国内外环境污染责任保险基本情况,总结了“十二五”以来我国放射源数量及辐射事故基本情况,研究了我国推行放射源污染责任保险制度的必要性,提出了推动建立放射源责任保险的建议,一是通过立法和政策弓引导等方式明确规定,二是选择切实可行的保险模式,三是选择高风险行业或企业先行试点责任保险,四是建立放射源保险共同体和保障基金,五是强化政府管理部门作用.

核电是清洁能源,对我国经济社会的发展具有重要的意义.开展公众沟通是减少核能神秘性和恐惧性的有效手段,是普及核能知识、增强公众信心的必要过程.对此,《中华人民共和国核安全法》“信息公开与公众参与”章节专门对公众沟通做出了规定.本文总结分析了我国核安全公众沟通的现状,指出我国目前核安全公众沟通中尚存在法律执行、政府公信力建设、信息公开等方面的问题;针对这些问题,提出了建议,以期为下一步开展核安全公众沟通工作提供参考.

核电厂发生运行事件所涉及的系统范围很广,包括仪控、电气、机械等与核安全相关的各个系统,集中反映了运行核电厂的设备缺陷、质量控制、人因失误、管理松懈等方面的问题,能够从侧面反映核电安全状况.在总结2006—2015年期间我国运行核电机组发生运行事件数量的基础上,建立了机组随时间发生运行事件的分析模型,并对我国核电厂在"十三五"期间的运行事件进行了的趋势预测分析,可为核安全监管提供参考.

本文研究了国外核损害赔偿制度现状和特点,分析了我国核损害赔偿体系的现状及存在问题,提出了完善我国核事故损害赔偿制度的建议:一是加快专门核损害赔偿立法进程;二是及时调整核损害赔偿方案;三是加强营运人核损害赔偿能力监管;四是完善核损害赔偿体系;五是推进核损害评估鉴定工作开展;六是适时在高风险移动放射源领域引入损害赔偿制度.

Nuclear facility decommissioning technology is difficult, long processing time, requires considerable capital investment, the impact of nuclear power in the future sustainable development is enormous. However, China has not yet established a sound economic policy and system of decommissioning nuclear facilities, the world can learn from less experience, the issues of nuclear facility decommissioning funds need in-depth study. This paper analyzes the management status of decommissioning fund, retirement fund collection and management mode in major nuclear power countries around the world, and studies the management status of retirement funds in China, summarizes the outstanding problems in decommissioning funds in China, and puts forward relevant suggestions, the establishment of civilian nuclear facilities decommissioning fund, as soon as possible to develop civilian nuclear facilities decommissioning fund management approach, accelerate the estimation of the minimum guaranteed value of special funds for retirement, to promote the establishment of early public scientific research nuclear facilities retirement funds.

The progresses in radiation safety management during the 12th Five-Year Plan period were summarized;the challenges for nuclear technology utilization in the 13th Five-Year Plan were analyzed,which came into the general approach to carrying out the 13th Five-Year Plan.It was recommended that the work should be done in nine aspects,which were:promoting the healthy development of the industry,strengthening the supervision capacity construction,improving the standard of laws and regulations,promoting the decentralization of the government,strengthening the management of high-risk mobile radioactive sources,strengthening the storage of waste radioactive sources,strengthening the construction of anti-terrorism ability,cultivating safety culture,and deepening public participation.

Expert discussion method was often applied to study policies and plans of China?s nuclear pow?er development? But Delphi method would be used to judge the development trend of nuclear power of our country? This study improved the Delphi method, including convening experts scoring, selecting the fac?tors beforehand and correcting datum according to the weight factors from the authority of experts? The improved Delphi method has the same advantages which are anonymous, feedback and statistical? And it avoids the disadvantages which are time-consuming and low recovery? Twenty experts were invited to at?tend four-round investigation? At last all the comments of the experts were convergent? Twenty-eight main factors were confirmed which impacting Chinese nuclear power development? The Delphi method succeeded to judge the fourteen positive and fourteen negative factors impacting nuclear power develop?ment during the period of the 13th Five-Year of China? The conclusion as follows, the development of Chinese nuclear power will finish or be better than the expected target, and summarizing three key points to apply Delphi method better in the complex environment for Chinese nuclear power development.

随着我国核能发展步伐的加快,我国未来的核能发展面临人才队伍建设、核安全管理、核安全文化、资金投入、核设施退役及放射性废物处理处置等1 1个存在核安全问题的方面.根据这些方面,本文采用德尔菲法筛选出了34个重大核安全问题并进行了分值排序,并根据对这些重大核安全问题的认真研究分析后得出了研究结论,提出了适合我国核能发展的建议.

This paper investigates the history and development o‘fAtomic Energy Act'of the main countries in possession of atomic energy industry in the world,analyses their motivations,objectives and the content as well as the difference between them.Suggestions are provided for the development o‘fChina's Act of Atomic Energy'accordingly.

<正>英国核电发展现状英国核工业起源于20世纪60年代,有50多年的历史。英国拥有世界上第一座商用核电站,在20世纪六七十年代曾经是世界上核电大国,其主打堆型是气冷堆,但由于英国在核能发展上实行国家所有制,其国内公众对原子能安全问题较为关注,再加上1971年英国在北海发现了大型油田,能源短缺状况得到极大缓解,对核电需求不迫切等因素,近年来英国核电发展长期处于停滞状态。截至2012年2月,英国共有17座在运核反应堆,总装机

调查了世界主要有核国家的《原子能法》,分析了其立法目的和主要内容,发现这些国家该法的基本内容和立法目的有所差别。通过对比分析,认为各国《原子能法》大致可分为3类,对我国《原子能法》制定工作提出了5条建议。

The article describes basic needs of users of a database for management of revision and compilation of nuclear radiation safety regulations and standards,the data structure of the Prototype Database, the function of the Client software of the Prototype Database and the application of the Prototype Database.