Conductive hydrogels are ideal materials for flexible sensors because of their inherent flexibility, tunable mechanical properties, high conductivity, and operational stability. These properties facilitate the seamless control of smart devices through simple gestures or muscle movements. However, most conductive hydrogels cannot simultaneously achieve high toughness and high conductivity, significantly limiting their practical applicability in flexible sensors. Herein, poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate-lithium-co-acrylamide)/graphene oxide/silicon dioxide (P(AMPSLi-co-AM)/GO/SiO2) conductive hydrogels were prepared utilizing acrylamide (AM) and 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonatelithium (AMPSLi) as monomers, and vinyl triethoxysilane (VTES) as silicon source via in situ free radical copolymerization and sol-gel method in the presence of GO. Within this system, GO served as both a conductive filler and a physical cross-linker, whereas vinyl-SiO2 functioned as a chemical cross-linker and a reinforcing filler. The P(AMPSLi-co-AM)/GO/SiO2 conductive hydrogel demonstrates outstanding mechanical properties, including a tensile stress of 203.89 kPa, an elongation at break of 528.94%, and an ultrahigh compressive strength of 1175.58 kPa. It also exhibits remarkable toughness (>400 kJ/m(3)), excellent fatigue resistance, strong self-adhesion, and rapid self-healing capability. The incorporation of Li+ ions and GO imparts high electrical conductivity (greater than 0.85 S/m) to the hydrogel. A flexible strain sensor fabricated from this hydrogel shows high sensitivity with a gauge factor of up to 2.268, along with an instantaneous response, outstanding stability, repeatability under cyclic loading, and reliable long-term detection of various human physiological and motion signals. These combined characteristics indicate that the P(AMPSLi-co-AM)/GO/SiO2 hydrogel is a promising candidate for wearable health monitoring devices.

In this study, flower-like polyimide (PI) microspheres were first synthesized via a solvothermal technique, and subsequently carbonized at high temperature to produce corresponding flower-like polyimide-derived carbon (PIC) microspheres. PI/PIC composite films were then fabricated through the in situ polycondensation of 4,4 '-diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA) and 4,4 '-oxybisphthalic anhydride (ODPA) in the presence of PIC microspheres. Compared to the neat PI matrix, the dielectric constant of the composites was significantly increased with filler incorporation. The optimal PI/PIC composite films achieved a dielectric constant of 175 with a concurrent low dielectric loss of 0.098 at 1 MHz. Moreover, these composites exhibited a high breakdown strength (> 0.48 V/mu m), outstanding thermal stability (T-10% > 550 degrees C), and a tensile strength exceeding 125.4 MPa. Such excellent comprehensive performance is critical for manufacturing heat-resisting polymer film capacitors.

Mechanically robust and ionically conductive hydrogels poly(acrylamide‐co‐2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonate‐lithium)/TiO2/SiO2 (P(AM‐co‐AMPSLi)/TiO2/SiO2) with inorganic hybrid crosslinking are fabricated through dual in situ sol‐gel reaction of vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) and tetrabutyl titanate (TBOT), and in situ radical copolymerization of acrylamide (AM), 2‐acrylamide‐2‐methylpropanesulfonate‐lithium (AMPSLi), and vinyl‐SiO2. Due to the introduction of the sulfonic acid groups and Li+ by the reaction of AMPS with Li2CO3, the conductivity of the ionic hydrogel can reach 0.19 S m−1. Vinyl‐SiO2 and nano‐TiO2 are used in this hybrid hydrogel as both multifunctional hybrid crosslinkers and fillers. The hybrid hydrogels demonstrate high tensile strength (0.11–0.33 MPa) and elongation at break (98–1867%), ultrahigh compression strength (0.28–1.36 MPa), certain fatigue resistance, self‐healing, and self‐adhesive properties, which are due to covalent bonds between TiO2 and SiO2, as well as P(AM‐co‐AMPSLi) chains and SiO2, and noncovalent bonds between TiO2 and P(AM‐co‐AMPSLi) chains, as well as the organic frameworks. Furthermore, the specific capacitance, energy density, and power density of the supercapacitors based on ionic hybrid hydrogel electrolytes are 2.88 F g−1, 0.09 Wh kg−1, and 3.07 kW kg−1 at a current density of 0.05 A g−1, respectively. Consequently, the ionic hybrid hydrogels show great promise as flexible energy storage devices.

Conductive polyacrylic acid/polyaniline/SiO2 (PAA/PANI/SiO2) nanocomposite hydrogels as electrolytes for a high-performance flexible supercapacitor were prepared by combining in situ radical polymerization of anionic monomer acrylic acid, in situ sol-gel reaction of vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES), and oxidative polymerization of conductive monomer aniline (ANI). In the nanocomposite hydrogel, vinyl-SiO2 nanoparticles served as analogous covalent crosslinkers, while the reversible noncovalent interactions (such as hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions, and chain entanglements) between the PAA/SiO2 and PANI networks acted as physical crosslinkers. The interconnected PANI and PAA/SiO2 networks thus constructed an interpenetrating three-dimensional network that improved the movement of electrons and ions while also enhancing the mechanical properties of the hydrogel. At a volume ratio of ANI to VTES of 50:200, the compressive strength and conductivity of PAA/PANI/SiO2 hydrogels were as high as 1505 kPa and 4.42 S/m, respectively. Moreover, the flexible supercapacitors based on the nanocomposite hydrogel electrolyte exhibited high specific capacitance (574.7 F/g), energy density (19.6 Wh/kg), and power density (1.4 kW/kg) at a current density of 0.05 A/g. Meanwhile, these supercapacitors exhibit exceptional flexibility and mechanical stability, and can be repeatedly bent without degrading performance. This nanocomposite hydrogel has considerable potential for use in other flexible energy devices and electronics due to its excellent mechanical and electrochemical properties.

专业学位研究生教育是应用型专门人才培养的主要渠道，其课程教学质量评价体系的构建是保证研究生培养质量的关键。本文从材料与化工专业学位研究生培养质量提高的迫切性出发，着重阐述材料与化工专业学位研究生课程教学质量体系构建的意义，介绍材料与化工专业学位研究生课程教学质量评价体系的组成，阐释材料与化工专业学位研究生课程教学质量评价体系构建所需遵循的原则，并提出改善材料与化工专业学位研究生课程教学质量的策略，为高质量材料与化工专业学位研究生培养提供参考。

Herein, a robust and fluorescent nanocomposite hydrogel polyvinyl alcohol/ poly(N-methylol acrylamide)/graphene quantum dots (PVA/PNMA/GQDs) with interpenetrating polymer network was made-up by in-situ radical polymerization and freeze-thaw method simultaneously. Because of GQDs trapped within the gel matrix as a result of the potent hydrogen bonds generated among PVA, PNMA, and GQDs, the nanocomposite hydrogel with an interpenetrating polymer network displayed strong fluorescence and enhanced mechanical properties. The obtained nanocomposite hydrogel could emit stable bright blue fluorescence at 365 nm radiation. Moreover, the obtained nanocomposite hydrogels were selective to Fe3+ ions and demonstrated a rapid and consistent response to Fe3+ ions ranging from 20 to 120 mu mol/L. Meanwhile, the PVA/PNMA/GQDs hydrogel showed excellent mechanical properties. The compressive strength and strain of the nanocomposite hydrogel were 20.39 MPa and 94.53%, respectively. The tensile fracture strength was 303.06 kPa and the corresponding fracture strain was 198%. Additionally, the gel also possessed extreme fatigue resistance and could tolerate repeated compression without cracking. Therefore, these robust and fluorescent nanocomposite hydrogels have potential applications in flexible sensors for certain metal ions detection and information storage.

The novel Cu-Zn-S-O nanocomposites have been successfully synthesized via a green microwave technique using preprepared ZnS and CuO nanoparticles. The Cu-Zn-S-O nanocomposites were highly sensitive to visible light. Meanwhile, Cu-Zn-S-O nanocomposites showed excellent adsorption capacity towards dye pollutants. Under the synergistic effect of adsorption and photocatalysis, various types of dye pollutants could be removed more quickly and efficiently by Cu-Zn-S-O (M=2) nanocomposite than pure CuO and ZnS nanoparticles. Furthermore, due to morphology-controlled CuO, Cu-Zn-S-O nanocomposites were also different in the morphology and photoresponse, and even in the removal performance. The photodegradation mechanism investigation indicated that different types of dyes were mediated by different decisive reactive species. Additionally, Cu-Zn-S-O nanocomposites could be easily reused with higher activity.

实验教学是材料化学专业教学和材料化学专业人才培养的重要组成部分,改革与探索材料化学实验教学,对于培养高素质的创新型人才意义非凡.针对"一流课程"建设背景下高校创新型人才培养方式改革的需要,本文分析了材料化学实验课程的教学现状和存在问题,提出了改善材料化学实验教学质量的措施,旨在锻炼学生的学习主动性、创新能力和实践能力,培养创新型人才.

Polyaniline/poly(vinyl alcohol)/TiO2 (PANI/PVA/TiO2) hybrid hydrogels with improved mechanical and electrochemical properties were fabricated via in situ oxidative polymerization of aniline (ANI) and in situ synthesized TiO2 with sol–gel method. Due to the combination of hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions among PANI, PVA, and TiO2, this inorganic hybrid crosslinking structures enabled the PANI/PVA/TiO2 hybrid hydrogel to possess reinforced tensile/compressive strength (26.5 kPa/8.2 MPa) and unprecedented self-healing performance. Moreover, with the optimized conductive pathways in the hybrid hydrogel, its conductivity was up to 1.38 S/m, which meets the requirement of being utilized as high-performance flexible solid-state supercapacitors. At current density of 0.5 A/g, the hydrogel-based supercapacitor provided a large capacitance of 41.0–127.5 F/g and a high energy density of 0.9–2.8 Wh/kg, which were superior to other flexible supercapacitors. The easily fabricated PANI/PVA/TiO2 conducting hydrogels provides a novel strategy to prepare hydrogel electrodes for flexible energy storage devices.

A tough fluorescent nanocomposite hydrogel probe crosslinked by graphene quantum dots for the selective detection of Fe3+ ions.

将导电聚合物引入到水凝胶网络中的导电高分子基导电水凝胶,因结合了水凝胶的三维网络结构、良好的生物相容性、优异的力学性能等和导电高分子良好电学性能等优点而被广泛研究,特别是以聚苯胺(PANI)为导电高分子的导电水凝胶.但PANI不溶于水,因此很难制备PANI基导电水凝胶.本文以制备高强度PANI基导电水凝胶为目的,尝试将PANI接枝在亲水性聚合物聚丙烯酸(PAA)上,获得能在水中均匀分散的PANI-PAA导电复合物,再使其与丙烯酰胺(AM)聚合得到高强度的PANI-PAA/PAM导电水凝胶.通过力学性能及电化学性能测试,发现该导电水凝胶具有良好的力学性能和电化学性能.当以十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为分散剂时,其电导率可达4.63 S·m-1,可承受压缩应力1.33 MPa(压缩耗散能为85.50 kJ·m-3),拉伸断裂伸长率达964％,相应的断裂强度为0.25 MPa;而以NaOH为分散剂时,凝胶的电导率可达4.19 S·m-1,可承受压缩应力1.13 MPa(压缩耗散能为73.45 kJ·m-3),拉伸断裂伸长率达896％;相应的断裂强度为0.14 MPa.该研究为高强度聚苯胺基导电水凝胶的制备提供了思路.

本文以聚乙烯醇(PVA)、苯胺(ANI)、吡咯(Py)及钛酸丁酯(TBOT)为原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法、原位氧化聚合法及冷冻-融溶法一步得到聚乙烯醇/聚苯胺/聚吡咯/TiO2(PVA/PANI/PPy/TiO2)杂化水凝胶.结果表明,该杂化水凝胶具有优异的力学性能和导电性能.当n(ANI):n(Py)=8:2(TBOT体积为100μL)时,其压缩强度高达2.45 MPa.同时,在外加电源的作用下,该凝胶能够使灯泡发光.当n(ANI):n(Py)=2:8(TBOT体积为150μL)时,杂化水凝胶的电导率(0.25 S/m)最好.该杂化水凝胶有望广泛地应用在柔性可穿戴电子器件、安全离子电池、传感器和生物器件等领域.

A tough hybrid hydrogel has been developed by dual in situ sol-gel reaction of -ethacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) and tetrabutyl titanate, as well as in situ radical polymerization of acrylamide (AM) and MPTMS. In this hydrogel, covalently bonded SiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles were used as inorganic filler and multifunctional crosslinker. Nano-TiO2 was bonded onto the surface of SiO2 by forming TiOSi bonds and SiO2 bonded with polymer chains by the formation of COSi bonds, which were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy technology. Transmission electron microscopy images revealed that SiO2 and TiO2 tended to construct a distinct rod-like structure in poly(AM) matrix. This specific microstructure enhanced the mechanical properties of hydrogel. The compressive stress of the gel reached up to 9.49MPa, and the compressive fracture energy was as high as 5307.73Jm(-2). This strategy provided a probable method for the preparation of tough soft materials with potential applications in chemical machinery and actuators. (c) 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47742.

In this work, we propose a universal strategy to construct tough hybrid hydrogels simply by a dual in situ sol-gel reaction of vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) and tetrabutyl titanate (TBOT), as well as an in situ radical polymerization of acrylamide (AM) and VTES. Interestingly, nano-SiO2 and nano-TiO2 acted as both multifunctional hybrid crosslinker and nanofiller in this hybrid hydrogel. Meanwhile, covalent bonding existed between TiO2 and SiO2, as well as polymers and SiO2, and non-covalent interactions existed between TiO2 and polymers, as well as the organic skeleton. The obtained hybrid hydrogel exhibited high tensile strength (38.78-330.50 kPa), medium tensile elastic modulus (26.53-120.48 kPa), ultrahigh compression strength (1.86-6.22 MPa), unprecedented fatigue resistance, and self-healability due to its unique hierarchical inorganic hybrid crosslinking mechanism. In addition, this hydrogel also displayed considerable anti-fogging and UV-shielding property. Hence, this hybrid hydrogel will have many potential uses in soft robots, substitutes for load-bearing tissues, and optical devices.