利用重矿物组合、砾石倾向、岩心、测录井及三维地震资料,采用古地貌恢复及多属性反演技术,对研究区上乌尔禾组源-汇控砂控相规律进行分析.研究表明:该区主要发育北部近源火山岩、中部较近源火山岩与侵入岩和南部沉积岩3个母岩区;识别出4大输砂沟槽,北部近源沟槽窄而陡,向南演化为宽而缓,砂体厚、物性差,含油性差、产量低,为扇三角沉积;中部3大沟槽划分为缓坡窄沟和缓坡宽沟2种类型,为辫状河三角洲沉积,前者砂体厚、物性好、含油性好、产量高,后者砂体较厚、物性较差、含油性较好、产量一般;输砂沟槽核部较翼部砾石粗、砂体厚、物性好,古低凸贫砂,物性差,泥岩为主.受源汇体系影响,中部3大输砂沟槽是最有利的勘探区.

为研究埋深为5.5～6.5 km极强超压环境下砂砾岩储层特征,以准噶尔盆地南缘四棵树凹陷高泉地区清水河组为例,根据露头、岩心、SEM、CT扫描、铸体薄片等资料,分析岩石矿物学、物性及孔隙特征,探讨沉积、成岩、构造、超压对砂砾岩储层的影响.结果表明:清水河组储层为中砾岩、细砾岩及砂岩,岩石类型为岩屑砂岩,发育粒内溶孔及微米级粒间孔,普遍见微细裂缝,整体为超低孔—超低渗储层;深埋压实是储层致密化主控因素,沉积相带及岩石类型控制储层物性及微观结构,表现为平原亚相河道差于前缘亚相水下分支河道,细砾岩岩相物性、喉道优于中砾岩及砂岩的;超压体系减缓伊利石的转化与储层的压实程度,多期构造运动增缝、高温酸性流体增溶,改善储层品质.

陆梁油田L9井区J2x1油藏自21世纪初探明,由于油水层识别难、油藏类型不清,后期投产井相继失利,导致油藏开发控制因素不清,潜力不明.为此,以识别低对比度油层为基础,结合试油试采动态数据对该区油层类型、油藏特征、开发控制因素以及开发潜力进行再认识.研究表明,分岩性识别低对比度油层解释结论与试油试采符合率达94％,其油藏类型为构造控制,局部受岩性影响的背斜油气藏.影响开发控制的主要因素为避水高度、油层类型及厚度、地层系数以及含油饱和度.据此拟合出油藏初期的产能平面分布图,指出了潜力区的范围及开发方式,这也为下一步的生产开发提供了依据.

准噶尔盆地侏罗系煤层气地质资源量达2.26×1012 m3,其中2 000～3 000 m埋深的煤层分布最广,勘探程度最低.基于对野外剖面、煤矿、井下煤样分析化验测试以及大量钻遇煤层油气井资料的分析,对该深度领域的煤系气赋存规律、组合特征及勘探潜力进行研究.结果 表明:该区煤层气具有多源混合的特征,构造作用造成煤岩裂隙发育,它源混合及构造裂隙是造成该区游离气大幅度上升的主要原因.结合出油气井点和源储关系,建立了单源双储、双源双储、三源双储3类4型煤系气组合模式及立体成藏模式,分析了白家海地区煤系气勘探潜力,预测甜点区天然气资源储量为5×1010 m3.

石西油田石南4井区侏罗系头屯河组为辫状河三角洲沉积背景,自下而上是湖平面先下降后快速上升的沉积序列,形成一套陆源碎屑岩.底部以中砂岩和泥岩为主,中部以粗、中砂岩相占绝对优势,顶部为厚层块状泥岩.基于岩石薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X衍射等资料,首次对研究区储层的岩矿特征、孔隙结构以及物性特征进行详细研究.结果 表明,头屯河组储集层岩矿类型以岩屑砂岩为主,其中胶结物以碳酸盐胶结为主,胶结类型以孔隙式胶结为主,杂基以泥质为主;黏土矿物以高岭石居多,高岭石、绿泥石含量与储层孔隙度有良好正相关性,储层具中偏强碱敏性和中等水敏性特征;储层孔隙类型有原生和次生孔隙2类,原生孔隙以常与石英、绿泥石矿物相伴生的粒间孔隙为主,次生孔隙以多同长石、高岭石矿物相共生的粒间溶孔为主,储集层属中孔低渗储层.基于储层特征及沉积微相主控因素,将头屯河组储层分为Ⅰ类优质、Ⅱ类储层,同时对研究区进行了储层有利区预测与潜力区识别,该潜力区可作为石南4井区后续滚动开发的重点区域.

陆梁油田L9井区西山窑组J2 x1油藏自21世纪初探明,但鉴于对油水层识别不清,导致后期投产井相继失利.为此,利用岩心观察、薄片鉴定、X衍射、岩电分析等资料,结合测井、试油试采动态等数据,对L9井区西山窑组油藏低对比度油层开展原因分析及识别方法研究.研究表明,岩性是影响该区物性、含油性、泥质含量、孔喉特征差异的根本因素.鉴于此,利用分岩性重新拟定了孔隙度、阿尔奇公式参数,并建立了分岩性识别低对比度油层的模型.结果表明分岩性识别低对比度油层解释结论与试油试采符合率达到94％,因此该方法在低对比度油层识别中具有较好的实用价值.

沉积相研究对控制储集砂体的空间展布有重要意义.为了对白25井区的沉积相类型进行有效的研究,在前人关于白25井区沉积相研究的基础上,结合白25井区的岩心资料、测录井资料,分析化验数据等相关资料后,认为白25井区上乌尔禾组发育的主要岩石相类型有:下部主要是红褐色、红色砂砾岩,发育块状构造;中部发育灰色、灰绿色砂砾岩,可见一定的粒序性,发育平行层理或交错层理.上部发育灰色、灰绿色砂岩以及泥岩,泥岩中可见水平层理.自下而上沉积物粒度逐渐变细,在垂向上反映了一个砂体不断向岸退积的沉积序列.白25井区上乌尔禾组发育的沉积相类型为扇三角洲,而不是冲积扇,可以识别出扇三角洲平原,扇三角洲前缘,前扇三角洲三个亚相以及扇面河道,水下分流河道等9个微相.

Permian Fengcheng Formation in well block 81 of Karamay Oilfield is developing the depositional system of braided river delta that is of braided rive to enter the lake.It gets the features of low porosity,extra-low permeability and intense heterogeneity.Through core analysis and logging data,there exist three sedimentary subfacies of braided river delta plain,including braided river delta font,braided river prodelta and sedimentary microfacies of channel lag.We have learnt of channel bar,overbank deposit,underwater distributary channel,bay,distributary mouth bar,distal bar,frontal delta mud etc.All are recognized.Distribution characteristics of each subfacies are analyzed,which provides the geological basis for favorable reservoir prediction in study area.

为了解克拉玛依油田八区下乌尔禾组油藏注采对应关系的控制因素,提高油藏开发进程,在岩心观察的基础之上,结合录井、测井等资料的综合分析,首次将该研究区的砂砾岩按照成因机理,划分为牵引流砂砾岩、过渡类型砂砾岩及重力流砂砾岩,且牵引流砂砾岩的储层物性明显优于重力流砂砾岩.研究表明,若注入及采出井段岩性为牵引流砂砾岩,则可以有效的提高注采对应的有效性,过渡类型次之,重力流最差,进一步验证了该区牵引流砂砾岩和重力流砂砾岩的注采优劣关系.该成果将为该区下一步的开发提供坚实的地质理论及开发指导依据.

The upper Wuerhe formation of Upper Permian in District Wuba of Karamay oilfield in the northwestern margin of Junggar basin is a set of terrigenous coarse-grained clastic rocks.The main reservoir of the formation is sandy conglomerate and there are always some disputes on its sedimentary facies:alluvial fan,alluvial fan-fan delta or alluvial fan-nearshore subsea fan-fan delta.Further study on lithofacies will be benefit for accelerating the hydrocarbon exploration and development in the study area.By integrating data of core,rock thin section,lab analysis,mud log and well logging,the paper performs in-depth study on sedimentary characteristics of the formation.The study results show that the sedimentary facies of the upper Wuerhe formation in the study area is not an alluvial fan with its composite deposition system,but a set of typical fan delta depositions including 9 microfacies,i.e.,fan channel,debris flow and underwater distributary channel and so on.The paper also defines relationships between lithofacies and sedimentary microfacies.It is considered that the the physical property,oil-bearing property and formation test productivity of tractive-current sandy conglomerate are better than those of gravity-current sandy conglomerate,which could provide geological theory basis for future oil and gas exploration and development in the area.

哈萨克斯坦North Nuraly油田侏罗系多尚组发育一套扇三角洲沉积,为典型的低孔低渗储层.通过扫描电镜、岩石薄片、压汞、X衍射分析等资料首次对研究区储层的岩矿特征、物性以及孔隙结构特征进行了详细研究.研究表明该区储层主要岩石类型为砂砾岩、砂岩、细砂岩,岩石成分成熟度中等、结构成熟度较低;黏土矿物含量高,主要为高岭石和伊利石,对储层伤害较大;其孔隙类型主要为剩余粒间孔,其次为无效的粒内溶孔.进一步研究储层压汞参数和物性特征发现该区储层可细分为I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类,沉积微相控制了其有利储层的展布.通过储层特征及沉积微相之间的关系,预测其有利储层分布范围.结果表明优质储层都集中在水下分流河道、河口砂坝等沉积微相中、较差的储层都集中在远砂坝及碎屑流、浊流砂体中.同时通过最新试油成果,验证了该区有利储层预测的可靠性和可行性,为该地区低孔低渗储层勘探开发提供了扎实的地质理论基础.

In order to clear the cause of sand body of the lower Cretaceous in up-salt Kenjiyake oilfield , the oil and gas fields ’ development were guided .Therefore , under the condition of dense well pattern , the comprehensive data of core, rock slices, analysis and laboratory, ancient biology, well logging and so on to study the granularity , structure , composition of the sand body ’ s reservoir and the distribution law of sand body was used .Then the results show that:the reservoirs in Baliemu formation of the middle Cretaceous are mainly fine sandstone and siltstone ;Sandstone has some small cross bedding and horizontal bedding ;the compositional maturity of sandstone is medium while the texture maturity of sandstone is high .Delta plain that is in the northwest has the Dual Structure .Vertical-ly,the upper the sequence , the finer the grain size ; The sand body in the study area is distributed in a single shape , this form has the typical sedimentary characteristics of the meandering river delta;In this areas have been identified delta front , delta plain , frontal delta , shallow lake , including 10 kinds of microfacies:distributary chan-nel, subaqueous distributary channel , shallow lake sand bars , ect.At the same time the distribution patterns of sand bodies and the sedimentary characteristics have been analyzed;During the second member of Baliemu forma-tion period delta front subfacies main distribute in the west of the study area , while in the first member of Baliemu formation period the whole area evolves the former delta-shallow lake subfacies which is the typical retrogradational delta;This study provides important geological basis for the development of Kenjiyake oilfield .

哈萨克斯坦肯基亚克盐上油田侏罗系为一套陆源碎屑沉积，目前该区沉积相类型存在争议、砂体特征不清楚，生产矛盾突出。因此，在高密度井网条件下（50￣100 m井距)，通过岩心观察、粒度分析、测井解释，从大地构造、古气候、湖泊类型等方面，对肯基亚克盐上油田侏罗系中统沉积特征进行研究。研究表明：侏罗系中统沉积时期为地势平坦、温暖潮湿的浅水潟湖环境；其发育粒度细、分选磨圆好、泥岩呈暗色并含有生物碎片层的浅水三角洲相和澙湖相沉积，其砂体呈现出“星状”、“树枝状”、“网-带状”等特征；星状砂体主要为湖平面上升时期，波浪作用的结果；树枝状砂体主要为河控砂体；网-带状砂体主要为河流和湖浪共同作用的结果。该区共识别出三角洲平原、三角洲前缘、前三角洲、浅湖4个亚相以及水上分支河道、河漫、水下分支河道等10个微相；分析了各微相和砂体的平面展布特征及其影响因素，这为开发、注水、气驱、聚驱方式的优化提供了地质依据。

环境因素(如海平面高度、海水清洁度和盐度等)的变化会影响生物礁的生长和演化,从而在不同地质历史时期形成不同类型的生物礁,其在形态和构造上具有高度复杂性.对中扬子地台和塔里木地台早-中奥陶世生物礁的大地构造条件、岩相古地理条件、造礁生物和附礁生物、典型生物礁特征、礁死亡原因等进行了对比分析:中扬子地台生物礁种类多,数量多,分布面积广,塔里木地台生物礁种类少,数量少,分布范围有限;中扬子地台构造活动弱,区域稳定,更适合于生物礁的生长;由于海平面上升导致台地的沉没,最终造成中扬子地台和塔里木地台的生物礁相继解体.