A 1-D Cd6Tb4-containing coordination polymer (1) was constructed for the luminescence detection of aspirin (ASA). The enhancement of Tb(III) luminescence of 1 caused by ASA is described by I545 nm = k × [ASA] + a, which can be used to determine the concentrations of ASA in CH3CN, fetal calf serum (FCS), and the real drug with high sensitivity and selectivity. Prepared test strips of 1 are used to qualitatively check ASA through the color change to green, and the on-site quantitative analysis of ASA can be further achieved through smartphone scanning. The luminescence response time of 1 toward ASA is about 5 s, and the limits of detection (LODs) are from 0.16 to 0.62 μM (ppm level).

A 12-metal Cd(II)-Eu(III) nanocluster [Cd8Eu4L8(OAc)8](SO3CF3)4 4(MeOH)·2(EtOH)·8(H2O) (1, H2L = 8,8'-((1E,1'E)-(((octane-1,8-diylbis(oxy))bis(2,1-phenylene))bis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(2-ethoxyphenol)) was constructed for the luminescence detection of piroxicam (PRX). The enhancement of Eu(III) luminescence caused by PRX is described by I615 nm = k × [PRX] + a, which can be used to determine the concentrations of PRX in fetal calf serum and the real drug with high selectivity and sensitivity. Prepared test strips of 1 are used to qualitatively check PRX through the color change to red, and real-time quantitative analysis of PRX can be further achieved through smartphone scanning. The luminescence response time of 1 toward PRX is about five seconds, while the limits of detection are from 0.13 nM to 0.58 nM (ppb level).

A Cd6Eu4-containing coordination polymer was constructed from a Schiff base ligand for luminescence detection of ketoprofen using test strips and smartphone scanning with high selectivity and sensitivity.

A 1D Cd 6 Eu 4 -containing coordination polymer was constructed from a Schiff base ligand for luminescence detection of ketoprofen using test strips and smartphone scanning with high selectivity and sensitivity.

A 19-metal Cd(II)-Eu(III) nanocluster (1, sizes: 1.6 nm × 1.6 nm × 2.4 nm) was constructed for the luminescence detection of biopterin (Bio). Under the excitation at 380 nm, the enhancement of Eu(III) luminescence caused by Bio is described by I615 nm = k × [Bio] + a, which is used to determine the concentrations of Bio in CH3CN, fetal calf serum, and urine with high sensitivity and selectivity. Prepared test strips of 1 are used to qualitatively check Bio through the color change to red, and real-time quantitative analysis of Bio can be further achieved through smartphone scanning. The luminescence response time of 1 toward Bio is less than 5 s, and the limits of detection are from 0.11 to 0.22 nM (ppb level).

DFT calculations reveal the water-assisted mechanism of dual gold-catalyzed indene formation, highlighting water’s dual role as a hydroxyl source and proton shuttle and the key steps leading to CO extrusion.

A Cd(II)-Nd(III) nanocluster [Cd8Nd12L12(OAc)34(OH)6(H2O)2] (1) was constructed from the vanillin-type ligand 3-ethoxysalicylaldehyde (HL). It shows temperature-dependent NIR luminescence and is used to detect aloe emodin (AE) through the quenching and enhancement of Nd(III) emission, which is controlled by excitation wavelengths. The luminescence response behavior of 1 toward AE is described by IEx490 nm/IEx390 nm = A*[AE]3 + B*[AE]2 + C*[AE] + D, which can be employed to determine AE concentrations in CH3CN and fetal calf serum.

A 12-metal Zn(Ⅱ)-Nd(Ⅲ)cluster 1(sizes:1.8 nm × 2.0 nm × 2.0 nm)was synthesized from a long-chain type Schiff base ligand.It displays ratiometric fluorescence response to neopterin(Neo)with high selectivity and sensitivity,which can be expressed by the equation I545 nm/I1060 nm=A·[Neo]2+B·[Neo]+C.1 is used to quantitatively test Neo concentrations in fetal calf serum(FCS)and urine,and the recovery ranges are 98.57％-103.82％and 99.25％-103.50％,respectively,while the relative standard deviations(RSDs)are 7.89％-9.46％and 1.85％-4.16％,respectively.The limits of detection of 1 to Neo in FCS and urine are 0.034 and 0.021 μmol/L,respectively.

Polymerization shrinkage of composite resin during curing can form microcracks between the restoration and tooth tissue, facilitating bacterial colonization at the bonding interface and increasing the risk of secondary caries. Thus, developing antibacterial adhesives is crucial. This study synthesized a fluoride-containing dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate salt (DMAHDM-F) as a co-monomer to create a fluoride-rechargeable resin adhesive (FD-A) with long-term antibacterial properties. FD-A exhibits stable shear bonding strength, curing kinetics, high mechanical properties, and excellent biocompatibility. Its fluoride release can be sustained for over 1 year, achieving efficient antibacterial effect associated with the quaternary ammonium groups, being superior to those adhesives containing only NaF nanoparticles or quaternary ammonium groups. Of note, the FD-A adhesive is recharged with 10 ppm NaF solution after the one-year release test, and the re-fluorinated sample continues to release more fluoride ion, maintaining its antibacterial efficacy for extended period, which is a welcomed feature for dental applications. In summary, the photopolymerizable fluorinated quaternary ammonium salt provides a potential solution for making dental resin adhesives and composites with stable antibacterial effect to enhance the longevity of dental restorations.

A 12-metal Cd(II)-Yb(III) nanoring (1) with a diameter of 2.7 nm was constructed from a new flexible octadentate Schiff base ligand. It displays an excitation wavelength-dependent luminescence response to rhein (RH), which is described by I520nm/I385nm = A*[RH]2 + B*[RH] + C. It can be used to rapidly detect RH concentrations in CH3CN and fetal calf serum with high selectivity and sensitivity. The response times to RH are about 5 s, and the limits of detection are from 5.97 to 9.92 μM.

Rapid and accurate detection of norfloxacin (NFX), which is one of the most consumed multifluorinated quinolone antibiotics, has attracted much attention due to the fact that the excessive use of NFX may cause serious health complications, and it has been considered as a harmful pollutant to the environment. We report the construction of linear 20-metal Cd(II)-Eu(III) nanocluster 1 (1.0 nm × 1.5 nm × 4.2 nm) by the use of a vanillin-type ligand for luminescence detection of NFX with high sensitivity and selectivity. The enhancement of Eu(III) emission of 1 caused by NFX is expressed by I615nm = k × [NFX] + a. The luminescence color change of 1 to dark red caused by NFX is used to qualitatively check NFX by prepared test strips and 1@SA films. Furthermore, the accurate and real-time detection of NFX can be achieved by smartphone scanning.

A rod-like Yb4Zn2 nanocluster was constructed, which could be an activatable NIR probe for quercetin, with a short response time (5 s) and a low detection limit (0.75 μM). Theoretical simulations reveal that strong π···π interactions and hydrogen bonding result in good orbital overlap for charge transfer from quercetin to the cluster.

Rapid and quantitative detection of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) is very crucial for homeland security, military application, and environment protection. Herein, a nine-metal Zn(II)-Nd(III) nanoring 1 with a diameter of 2.3 nm was constructed by the use of a long-chain Schiff base ligand, which shows ratiometric fluorescence response to TNP with high selectivity and sensitivity. The fluorescence sensing behavior of 1 to TNP is expressed by a firstorder equation I1060nm/I560nm = -0.0128*[TNP] + 0.9723, which can be used to quantitatively analyze TNP concentrations in solution. The limits of detection (LODs) to TNP based on the ligand-centered (LC) and Nd(III) emissions of 1 are 5.93 mu M and 3.18 mu M, respectively. The fluorescence response mechanism to TNP is attributed to the competitive absorption effect and photoinduced electron transfer (PET). The luminescence quenching of 1 is dominated by static process.

Meloxicam (MLX) is a novel nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, but on the other hand, it has become one of the common microcontaminants in surface waters and sewage. Herein, we report the preparation of a ternary-metal Zn(II)-Cd(II)-Eu(III) nanocluster 1 for the response of MLX through the enhancement of lanthanide luminescence. The luminescence sensing behavior of 1 is expressed by the equation I-615nm = 3060 x [MLX] + 46,604, which can be used in the quantitative analysis of MLX concentrations in meloxicam dispersible tablets. Filter paper strips bearing 1 can be used to qualitatively detect MLX by a color change to red under a UV lamp. The luminescence response time is no more than five s, and the detection limit is as low as 2.31 x 10(-2) nM.

There is an unmet need for easy-to-visualize drug carriers that can deliver therapeutic cargoes deep into solid tumors. Herein, we report the preparation of ultrasmall luminescent imine-based lanthanide nanocages, Eu60 and Tb60 (collectively Ln60 ), designed to encapsulate anticancer chemotherapeutics for tumor therapy. The as-prepared nanocages possess large cavities suitable for the encapsulation of doxorubicin (DOX), yielding DOX@Ln60 nanocages with diameters around 5 nm. DOX@Ln60 are efficiently internalized by breast cancer cells, allowing the cells to be visualized via the intrinsic luminescent property of Ln(III). Once internalized, the acidic intracellular microenvironment promotes imine bond cleavage and the release of the loaded DOX. DOX@Ln60 inhibits DNA replication and triggers tumor cell apoptosis. In a murine triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) model, DOX@Ln60 was found to inhibit tumor growth with negligible side effects on normal tissues. It proved more effective than various controls, including DOX and Ln60 . The present nanocages thus point the way to the development of precise nanomedicines for tumor imaging and therapy.

A cube-like Zn(II)-Eu(III) nanocluster 1 (molecular sizes: 1.8 x 2.0 x 2.0 nm) was constructed by the use of a new long-chain Schiff base ligand. It shows a ratiometric fluorescence response to levofloxacin (LFX) with high sensitivity and selectivity, which can be expressed as I-615 nm/I-550 nm = A*[LFX](2) + B*[LFX] + C. It is used to quantitatively detect the LFX concentrations in fetal calf serum (FCS) and tablets sold in pharmacy. Filter paper strips bearing 1 can be used to qualitatively detect LFX by a color change to red under a UV lamp. 1 and its hybrid with sodium alginate (SA), 1@SA, display potential applications in the qualitative detection of LFX in FCS and the medicine. The limit of detection of 1 to LFX is as low as 2.1 x 10(-2) nM.

A 14-metal Tb(III) nanocluster with four CO32- anions as templates was constructed for the quantitative and qualitative detection of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) with high sensitivity and selectivity. The luminescence response time to VMA is less than ten seconds, and the limit of detection is as low as 0.32 nM in CH3CN.

Rapid and quantitative detection of isoquercitrin (Isq) has been attracting much attention due to its outstanding pharmacological and physiological activities. Herein, an interesting 48-metal Zn(II)-Nd(III) nanocluster (1, molecular sizes 1.3 x 2.8 x 3.1 nm) with salen-type Schiff base ligand was constructed as molecular sensor for the luminescence detection of Isq. 1 exhibits visible ligand-centered emission and NIR luminescence of Nd(III), and shows ratiometric fluorescence response to Isq with high sensitivity even in the presence of other interferences. The fluorescence sensing behavior can be expressed by a second-order equation I1060nm/I480nm = A* [Isq]2 + B*[Isq] + C, which is used to quantitatively analyze the Isq concentrations in DMF and FCS. The LODs to Isq for the ligand-centered and lanthanide emissions of 1 in DMF are 0.21 mu M and 0.11 nM, respectively. The quenching of the ligand-centered emission of 1 caused by Isq is attributed to the competitive absorption of light energy and "inner effect", while, the luminescence enhancement is due to the "antenna effect".

A nine-metal Zn(II)-Eu(III) nanoring 1 with a diameter of about 2.3 nm was constructed by the use of a long-chain Schiff base ligand. It shows a luminescence response to neopterin (Neo) through the enhancement of lanthanide emission with high selectivity and sensitivity, which can be used to quantitatively analyze the concentrations of Neo in fetal calf serum and urine. The luminescence sensing of 1 to Neo is temperature-dependent, and it displays more obvious response behavior at lower temperatures. Filter paper strips bearing 1 can be used to qualitatively detect Neo by the color change from chartreuse to red under a UV lamp. The limit of detection is as low as 3.77 × 10-2 nM.