To address the problems of excessive body tilt and potential safety risks encountered by sugarcane harvesters operating on sloped terrain, this study developed an automatic self-leveling chassis to improve operational stability and terrain adaptability. The system is based on hydraulic lifting and leveling principles, achieving realtime attitude adjustment through coordinated control of multiple hydraulic cylinders. A combined approach of mathematical modeling and simulation verification was employed to investigate key parameters, including the lateral and longitudinal rollover threshold angles and the minimum turning radius. The research combined theoretical analysis with experimental validation. Results from dynamic leveling tests indicate that, when the composite mode integrating active leveling and hydraulically interconnected suspension(HIS) was activated, the steady-state errors for lateral and longitudinal leveling were 0.10 degrees and 0.13 degrees, respectively. Under field conditions on uneven terrain, the chassis maintained a tilt angle within f2 degrees These results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed leveling system and demonstrate its potential for enhancing the operational safety of sugarcane harvesters on hilly terrains. This study provides a useful reference for the development of leveling technologies in similar types of agricultural machinery.

Sugarcane, a key sugar crop in China, is predominantly manually harvested. In the main sugarcane-producing areas of China, typhoons cause canes to become lodged, resulting in high field losses and low harvesting efficiency. This study aimed to reduce these losses by analyzing the causes: ineffective stalk pickup, transfer, and conveyance. The tests showed the stalk–steel static friction coefficient (SFC) was lower than the stalk–soil SFC. Conventional basecutters use raised patterns to enhance friction, but soil adhesion makes them ineffective, hindering lodged stalk pickup. Bent stalks also struggle to enter butt lift rollers or pass through roller trains, increasing losses. The proposed improvements included adding toothed plates on the cutter discs, optimized disc–roller positioning, and using fewer rollers (one butt lift and one feed roller pair). Theoretical analysis confirmed the toothed plates improved pickup via grabbing force, while using fewer rollers stopped the stalks detaching from and blocking the roller train. A prototype was tested via orthogonal experiments, showing a field loss ratio of 1.21%, a feed rate of 13.09 kg/s, and a billet qualification rate of 95.82% with optimal settings (chopper speed: 390 rpm; 10 stalks/group; roller speed: 230 rpm; ground speed: 1.41 m/s). Field tests achieved 2.0% loss, demonstrating effectiveness for severely lodged cane, a significant improvement over the conventional harvesters (15–20% loss). These findings aid low-loss-level harvester development.

After cut by basecutter, sugarcane stalks are carried to a chopper by the basecutter and the feeding/conveying rollers train of harvester. However, the conventional feeding/conveying channels of sugarcane chopper harvesters, when harvesting seriously lodged sugarcane, have numerous drawbacks, including easy clogging, and poor adaptability. In order to resolve these problems, a novel design and layout method of feeding/conveying and chopping channel are proposed in the paper. And a chopper centrally-mounted channel is designed for a sugarcane chopper harvester as well, which has been implemented in the HN4GDL-91 harvester. The proposed channel consists of a feeding/conveying rollers train, a chopper, and a billet conveying device. By mounting the chopper between the feeding/conveying rollers train and the billets conveying device, the harvester can avoid the chopper chopping back the billets, thus improving the harvest quality. The feeding/conveying rollers train is designed with only a pair of feeding rollers and a pair of conveying rollers, achieving a short channel path. Moreover, the structure of the basecutter and the mechanism carrying stalks to feeding rollers are studied via theoretical analysis and tests. The relationship between the basecutter and the chopper centrally-mounted channel is also conducted in systematic analysis. The results of the theoretical analysis show that the inclination angle of the disc of basecutter should be 2° greater than the angle of the feeding conveying channel (both angles are from the horizontal plane). The inclination angle of the disc of basecutter should go from 10° to 15°. A field experiment with four factors and three levels indicates that the field loss rate is 2.45%, the feed quantity is 16.66 kg/s, and the qualified rate of the billets is 98.02%, while the number of sugarcane stalks in a clump, the ground speed of harvester the rotational speed of the chopper, and the rotational speed of feeding/conveying roller are 10, 1.09 m/s, 390 r/min, and 230 r/min, respectively. It is concluded that the proposed chopper centrally-mounted channel could improve the conveying and harvesting performance significantly.

切段机收原料蔗内蔗叶、蔗蔸、蔗梢、泥沙等杂质含量过高会导致制糖设备磨损增加和高品质糖产出率下降.快速准确检测原料蔗含杂率,按实际含杂率扣除杂质量,有利于平衡糖厂和蔗农双方利益.我国糖厂目前采用人工分离原料蔗样本内所含杂质的方法计算含杂率,该方法耗费人工多、耗时长,难以实现一车一检.针对这一问题,该研究设计并试制了一种切段机收原料蔗含杂率快速检测装置.该装置由称重台、双层振动筛、轴流风机、电机等部分组成.每次检测的样本量为 100 kg左右.上层振动筛分离蔗蔸,下层振动筛分离泥土.物料由上层筛降落到下层筛的过程中,轴流风机吹风去除蔗叶和细碎泥土.以除杂率为试验指标,选取风机转速(A)、振动频率(B)、喂入量(C)为试验因素,每个因素选取 3个水平(A:1250、1350、1450 r/min;B:14、15、16 Hz;C:70、90、110 kg),进行了三因素三水平正交试验.结果表明:各因素对除杂率的影响由主到次顺序依次为:风机转速、喂入量和振动频率,最优组合为A3C3B1 即风机转速 1450 r/min、喂入量 110 kg、振动频率 14 Hz,该组合下平均除杂率为 96.1%.该研究的技术与装备可以满足糖厂快速测杂的要求.

HighlightsCoefficients of restitution between billet and steel decreased with an increase in drop height and moisture content.Coefficients of restitution between billets increased with an increase in moisture content.Static friction coefficient between billet and steel, and between billets decreased with an increase in contact area.Rolling friction coefficient between billet and steel increased with an increase in angle and interval.Rolling fiction coefficient among billets first increased and then decreased with an increase in angle.Abstract. Determining the physical and mechanical properties of sugarcane single-bud billets is a critical step in the mechanical structure design of a sugarcane planter. In this study, samples of the Tai Tang F66 cultivar sugarcane billets were analyzed. The moisture content of the samples of billets ranged from 63.78% to 77.72%, and their average density was 244.67 kg/m3. The coefficient of restitution (CoR) of the samples was determined by a drop test wherein samples were dropped onto a steel plate from different heights. The static friction coefficient (SFC) of four types of samples was determined by the inclined plate method at two orientations. In addition, the rolling friction coefficient (RFC) was determined at three plate inclination angles and sample displacement. The experiment results showed that with increasing drop height and moisture content, the billet-steel CoR decreased from 0.625 to 0.458, while the billet-billet CoR increased from 0.603 to 0.698. With an increase in contact area, the billet-steel SFC decreased from 0.515 to 0.377 and the billet-billet SFC decreased from 0.498 to 0.323. With increasing angle and sample displacement, the billet-steel RFC increased from 0.0315 to 0.2175 and the billet-billet RFC increased from 0.0203 to 0.1007. These parameters can help to build a more accurate simulation model of a single-bud billet particle for the discrete element analysis of a sugarcane single-bud billet planter mechanical structure. Keywords: Coefficient of restitution, Rolling friction coefficient, Single-bud billet, Static friction coefficient.

Given the problems of the high trash content and loss rate for mechanized sugarcane harvesting, taking the HN4GDL-194 sugarcane chopper harvester extractor developed by South China Agricultural University as the research object, three types of extractor negative pressure structures were designed and internal flow field simulation analysis was conducted. Simulation results showed that the aerodynamic performance of the flow field in the negative pressure area of the extractor negative pressure structure two is the best and the wind velocity and negative pressure are the largest. The measurement results of wind velocity, wind pressure, and flow showed that the changing trend in the actual value of wind velocity and wind pressure is basically consistent with the simulation value. The relative error between the actual flow of the air outlet and the simulation value is less than 10% under different speeds, indicating that the simulation has high accuracy. Field tests of the original extractor and the optimal extractor were conducted. The test results for the trash content showed that when the feeding rate was 1.5 kg/s, there was no significant difference in the trash content between the optimal extractor and the original extractor under various fan speeds. When the feeding rate increased to 7.5 kg/s and the fan speed was low (950 r/min) and medium (1100 r/min), the trash content of the optimal extractor was significantly lower than that of the original extractor, decreasing 2.5% and 1.63%, respectively. The loss rate test results showed that when the fan speed is low and high (1250 r/min), there is no significant difference between the loss rate of the optimal extractor and the original extractor. When the fan speed was 1100 r/min and the feeding rate was 1.5, 4.5, and 7.5 kg/s, compared with the original extractor, the loss rate of the optimal extractor decreased by 0.53%, 0.21%, and 0.19%, respectively.

Planting uniformity is a key evaluation index for planters. This paper investigated the effect of rotational speed, the angle of the rake bar chain, and the number of billets on the planting uniformity of a seed-metering device in the laboratory. The experimental results showed that the optimal planting uniformity can be achieved under a rake bar chain angle of 117°, a number of billets of 500, and a rotational speed of the rake bar chain of 70 rpm. Under this condition, the quality index Zq was 97.22% and the multiple index Zm was 0%, while the miss index Ze was 2.78%. Based on the above parameters, a single-bud planter was improved with three rake bar chains per seed box. Field experiments with different operation parameters (rotational speed, forward speed) were conducted. Results indicated that when the rotational speed was 40 rpm and the forward speed was 2.26 km/h, the planting uniformity was the best and the quality index Zq was 93.38%. The research results provide a basis for the application of single-bud billet planters in the field.

The seed filling of a seed-metering device is a critical process in sugarcane cultivation operations. To analyze the contact between billets, the related mechanical components, and the law of billets movement in the seed-metering device, a simulation of the seed-filling process based on EDEM was proposed, and a geometric model of the seed-metering device, a particle model, and a contact model were established by EDEM software. The physical experimental results and simulation results of the angle of repose were compared. The experimental results showed that the relative error of the angle of repose experiment was 6.67%, which verified the effectiveness of the material parameters of single-bud billet; the linear correlation coefficient of the seed-filling experiment was 0.762 for S-q and 0.869 for S-e, which demonstrated the validity of using EDEM software to simulate the seed-filling process. Finally, the velocity and force of the particles in the seed-filling process were analyzed in EDEM. The analysis results indicated that there are two circulation circles in the seed box, and the larger the circulation circle, the easier the billets enter the rake bar. The EDEM simulation provides a basis for optimizing the structure and parameters of the sugarcane billet planter in future work.

针对现有切段式甘蔗联合收割机输送通道易堵塞、含杂率与损失率高等问题,该研究设计了一种切段刀辊中置式两级通道甘蔗联合收割机.该机采用短路径整秆输送通道和刮板筛网式蔗段输送通道,采用中置+后置风机组成的双风机除杂系统,实现甘蔗根切、喂入、输送、切段、风选除杂和卸料等联合作业.通过计算确定了整秆输送通道安装角度与宽度、喂入与输送辊筒直径、切段刀辊外圆直径、蔗段输送通道刮板高度、风机位置等关键结构参数,以及喂入与输送辊筒转速、切段刀辊转速、除杂风机转速等关键作业参数,并研制了4GDZ-132型切段式甘蔗联合收割机样机.样机田间试验结果表明:在作业速度2 km/h、风机转速1100 r/min时,含杂率为4.42％、总损失率为3.08％、蔗段合格率为92.10％、切割高度合格率为96.20％、宿根破头率为9.60％,整机作业性能指标满足切段式甘蔗联合收割机技术标准要求.

As there was a lack of high-ground-clearance sugarcane field management machinery, a diamond-shaped four-wheeled gantry-like cultivator was designed and developed. Both front and rear wheels of this machine were hydraulically driven and steered, with driven wheels on both sides. A gantry-like structure was used to connect the supports of the driven wheels and the main frame; the net passing height for the sugarcane underneath the gantry was 2400 mm. The wheel track could be adjusted from 2000 to 2800 mm to adapt to different row spacings. In this study, the designs of the key components, including the drive system, the driven wheels, the wheel track adjustment mechanism, the steering mechanism and the cultivator, were achieved. Simulation analysis on the stability of the cultivator was conducted by the kinetics software ADAMS. The results showed that the limit of the longitudinal slope angle and the cross slope angle of the proposed machine was 41.25° and 31.17°, respectively. In addition, the maximum driving speed of the vehicle, the minimum turning circle, the longitudinal slope angle, the cross slope angle and the maximum ridge height were determined experimentally on the open concrete floor. The results showed that the maximum driving speed of the vehicle was 13 km/h, its minimum turning circle was 7100 mm, the longitudinal slope angle and the cross slope angle was 8°, and the maximum height of the ridge was 160 mm.

In this paper, a single-bud sugarcane seed-metering device was proposed to reduce the labor intensity of sugarcane planting and also to improve its automation and efficiency. In the research, single-bud billets were expelled by rake bars of rake bar chain in the seed box. A lateral plate of the seed box was removed and replaced by a transparent plastic plates in order to observe the seed-filling process. Single-factor tests and orthogonal tests were conducted in order to study the seed-filling uniformity of the single-bud billet planter. The results showed that the angle of the rake bar chain, the number of billets and the interactions between them had significant effects on the qualification filling rate Sq, the excess filling rate Sm and the miss out filling rate Se. According to the orthogonal and dual-factor tests data, the optimal combination of the structural parameters of the seed-metering device was determined as follows: rake bar chain angle of 117°, a number of billets of 700 and the rotary speed of the rake bar chain of 90 rpm. In this study, the value of Sq was maximized (85.06%) and the value of Se was minimized (7.03%). This study can serve as a reference for optimizing the design of seed-metering devices of single-bud sugarcane planter.

Conventional chopper sugarcane combine harvesters had numerous drawbacks, including high center of gravity, easy clogging, and high trash rate. In order to resolve these problems, a chopper sugarcane combine harvester with shorter roller train and primary extractor installed in the middle was designed in the present study. The proposed harvester was equipped with the roller train and billet transporters. Moreover, the structure of the primary extractor was improved, and its position was selected to address the issues of chopper harvesters. Performing the field experiment shows that the average traveling speed of the proposed machine was 2 km/h, while the average feed capacity was 5.5 kg/s. Furthermore, it was found that the qualified rate of the cutting height, rate of the broken perennial ratoon, total loss, trash rate, and the qualified rate of cane billets were 90.1%, 9.6%, 3.1%, 4.4%, and 92.1%, respectively. Field experiment showed that the proposed machine harvested 2 × 10 4 kg of sugarcane per hour, where the average harvesting cost was about 45 RMB per 1000 kg of the cane. It was found that the operating efficiency was approximately 200 times higher than that of the manual harvesting, while the corresponding costs were reduced by 55%–70%. Moreover, it was concluded that the proposed machine was superior over AS60 and 4GZQ-260 in terms of the harvesting performance and almost reached the level of them in regard to the economic performance.

针对我国目前山地甘蔗收割困难、缺乏适用收获装备的问题,设计了三角履带式甘蔗联合收割机转向系统,主要包括后桥、轮桥连接架的设计和转向油缸行程确定.针对关键部件转向后桥和轮桥连接架进行了受力计算与有限元应力分析,对转弯半径进行了计算,并进行了相应的试验.关键零件应力测试试验结果表明:转向后桥的最大静应力为43.67MPa,动态稳定应力约50MPa,仿真误差为12.66％;轮桥连接架转向最大静应力158.59MPa,动态应力为176MPa,仿真的误差为9.89％,仿真与实际基本一致.转弯半径试验结果表明:理论转弯半径为6.4m,实际测试时由于车速不同,转弯半径在6.127～6.5m范围内,与理论最大误差4.27％,在可接受范围内,转向系统的设计达到了设计要求.

在菱形4轮中耕机转向系统所存在问题的基础上,根据其前、后轮同步对称反向转向的特点,利用正、反平行四边形机构设计出一种全液压转向机构,以现有机架的尺寸以及连杆布置条件为基础,以前、后轮对称反向转动的同步性能为目标,计算各连杆的具体尺寸,并且通过Creo软件的Elements模块仿真试验以及样机试验.验证转向时前、后轮偏转角度的差值.结果表明,菱形4轮中耕机全液压转向系统能够顺利实现前、后车轮反向转向,并且转向过程中基本保持同步,工作顺畅稳定,在平地进行行驶转向过程中,前轮与后轮相差±0.5°,当机架极限偏转时,前、后轮偏转相差±4°.

The technology mechanized harvesting is a key of cane industrial growth. Development of self-propelled sugarcane harvester is a new way to solve disadvantages by direct mounted harvester. However, the driving system must be meet requirements of other parts in harvester, and it must be low speed, high torque, less power and it running stable. The performance of driving system has some effect on efficiency of harvester directly. Therefore, design the driving system for harvest is meaningfulness on the development of sugarcane harvester. This article made field test of sugarcane harvester. Measurement of hydraulic parameters when the harvester forward work and backed off and empty ran in test. The test result is close to theoretical analysis, so the state-space model of driving system is corrected. When harvester works at driving speed of 0.507 m/s, the flow and pressure of hydraulic system is stable. Therefore, the drive system is appropriated for sugarcane harvester.

Deliver the chopped cane to the field truck is an important function of the chopper cane harvester. In order to match the height of the field truck, the conveying device requires a certain length. This causes the ratio of the conveyor too large for a small or medium sized chopper cane harvester, and is not convenient for cross-field transportation. To solve this problem, a new foldable conveyor has been designed. This article use the Grübler-Kutzbach Formula to analyze the degree of freedom about this conveyor, and use Matlab to simulate its space solution set. A univariate test for the conveying angle was conducted. It was found out that the conveying angle is the significant factor of the fill factor, convey amount, power and energy efficiency, and the best conveying angle is 40?.

Stalk collecting is an important part of the operation pocesses of whole stalk sugarcane harvester. The opration qualtity of harvester is influenced by the performance of stalk collector. Based on the analysis of several existing stalk collector of sugarcane harvester, this paper designs an kind of intermittent-rotary stalk collector and builds a prototype. The result of field test indicates that the stalk collector achieves the function effectively which meets the design requirement.

In order to solve the question of vent impurity of the sugarcane combine harvester, the new fan on the vent impurity device of sugarcane harvester was designed, and experiments were carried out on the test-bed. The wind speed of outlet of impurity discharging fan was guide line, the single experiments were conducted to study in the following factors: the new fan speed, inlet mode and inlet area. The results show that the best parameters of impurity discharging fan were respectively speed of fan was 1800 r/min, inlet mode was the axial, inlet area were 16475, 19119 mm 2 and distance of fan outlet was 50 mm. The wind speed averages of the five measurement points were respectively 13.867, 14, 11.633, 11.333, 12.383 m/s. In the optimal parameters were proved to be the best by experiment on the impurity discharging fan.

In order to harvest the serious lodging sugarcane, the whole stalk sugarcane harvester which was hung the right side of tractor was designed. Separating, cutting, conveying and gathering were implemented by the harvester, and productivity efficiency was 0.2 hm 2/h and walking forward speed was about 0.5 m/s. The field experiment showed that the cut sugarcane ratoon rate was 11.3%, skin damage and broken cane were existed, and the broken rate was 33.33%.

For sowing single high quality hybrid paddy rice seed,a new type of precision sowing scheme was put forward,which feed seeds by electro-vibrating method,select single seed by special seed selection mechanism,adsorb seed by vacuum pressure,and eject seed by positive pressure. Based on detail structural design of the seed feeding mechanism,the seed selection mechanism,the suction and ejection mechanism,and the pneumatic control system,a experimental platform was established. Experiment research of different types of seeds shows that ,single-seed rate is higher than 85%,empty seed rate is less than 6%,and qualification rate is larger than 90%. It shows good comprehensive seeding performance can be gotten by the seeder.