Sugarcane planting areas in China mainly lie on gentle slopes and hilly areas. For easy and smooth operation of track-type sugarcane harvesters in hilly areas, it would be significant to analyse the straight-line driving stability of harvesters in hilly areas. The static overturning angles of a two-track (machine A) and a four-track (machine B) sugarcane harvesters were used as the evaluation index to theoretically analyse the static driving stability of the two harvesters. The results showed that machine A was more stable than machine B when the elevator of machine A was rotated horizontally by + 0°. When machine A with a horizontal rotation angle of 0°–60°, the static driving stability became less stable. The dynamic overturning angle was used as the evaluation indexes to experimentally analyse the dynamic driving stability of the two machines. The results found that machine A was less stable than machine B. The larger the horizontal rotation angle of the elevator of machine A, the less stable in the dynamic driving. The structural stress value was used as the evaluation indexes to make a static analysis of the two machines elevator; the results demonstrated that the strength of the two elevators met all the safety requirements.

针对现有切段式甘蔗联合收割机输送通道易堵塞、含杂率与损失率高等问题,该研究设计了一种切段刀辊中置式两级通道甘蔗联合收割机.该机采用短路径整秆输送通道和刮板筛网式蔗段输送通道,采用中置+后置风机组成的双风机除杂系统,实现甘蔗根切、喂入、输送、切段、风选除杂和卸料等联合作业.通过计算确定了整秆输送通道安装角度与宽度、喂入与输送辊筒直径、切段刀辊外圆直径、蔗段输送通道刮板高度、风机位置等关键结构参数,以及喂入与输送辊筒转速、切段刀辊转速、除杂风机转速等关键作业参数,并研制了4GDZ-132型切段式甘蔗联合收割机样机.样机田间试验结果表明:在作业速度2 km/h、风机转速1100 r/min时,含杂率为4.42％、总损失率为3.08％、蔗段合格率为92.10％、切割高度合格率为96.20％、宿根破头率为9.60％,整机作业性能指标满足切段式甘蔗联合收割机技术标准要求.

为了明确甘蔗收割机所用的不同结构切割器以及工作参数(刀盘倾角、行走速度)对进入输送通道泥土量的影响效果,采用离散元分析法建立甘蔗切割器入土切割蔗垄仿真模型,以收集装置收集土壤颗粒质量为试验指标,切割器种类、刀盘倾角、行走速度为试验因素,进行三因素三水平完全交叉分组仿真试验.在入土切割深度为70mm、刀盘转速为650r/min条件下工作,仿真试验结果表明:对进入输送通道泥土量影响因素由主到次关系依次为刀盘倾角(B)、行走速度(C)、切割器种类(A),且三因素对其影响均极其显著.其中,切割器种类A1与A2之间差异不显著,A3与A1、A2之间差异显著,且切割器A3入土切割时泥土带入量最少,切割器A1泥土带入量最多;刀盘倾角各水平之间差异显著,且当刀盘倾角为B1时,泥土带入量最多,刀盘倾角为B3时,泥土带入量最少;行走速度C2与C3水平间差异不显著,C1与C2、C3之间差异显著,且当行走速度为C1时,其泥土带入量最少,行走速度为C3时,其泥土带入量最多.分析切割器入土切割过程可知:土壤颗粒经过切割器作用后,大部分土壤颗粒呈向后抛送状态且不同颗粒向后抛送速度不同,研究结论可为今后的甘蔗切割器结构设计及工作参数优化提供参考.

为提高甘蔗收获机工作效率,将切断后的甘蔗段通过输送臂实时输送到田间运输车装斗中,输送臂结构的静力学分析至关重要.为此,针对HN 4 GDL-132型甘蔗收割机样机,利用ANSYS仿真软件对输送臂进行了结构静力学分析和振动模态分析,得到了输送臂小臂、大臂和连接轴的应力、应变云图.其中,小臂承受负载应力最大值为113.11MPa,最大变形量为4.24mm;大臂承受负载应力最大值为225.86MPa,最大变形量为5.30mm;连接轴承受负载应力最大值为232.38MPa,最大变形量为0.09mm,并分别分析了输送臂前4阶模态下的振动特性.采用应变片试验对静力学仿真结果进行验证,两者数值结果相对误差为20％以内,变化趋势一致.研究结果可为输送臂结构的优化设计提供参考.

The ability to efficiently remove impurities from harvested sugarcane billets is one of the key performance indicators of sugarcane chopper harvester. The state of motion and spatial distribution of billets thrown into the extractor fan by chopping rollers affect the process of impurity removal. However, little effort has been directed to the research of the trajectory of billets expelled by chopping rollers. Focusing on this problem, the trajectory of billets expelled by chopping rollers was studied by first theoretical analysis, followed by constructing a test bench and investigation by high-speed photography. In this paper, a test bench based on the dimensions and components of the 4GDLS-132A sugarcane combine chopper harvester was developed, encompassing the various stages of the harvesting process, including stalk conveying, chopping, impurity removal and billet expulsion. Based on projectile theory, kinematic models of billets during the throwing process were established with and without the aid of guiding channels. Following this, the relationship of the upper throwing angle and the resulting declination was obtained, and a guiding channel was designed between the chopper and extractor fan. High-speed photography was utilized to analyze and track the trajectory of expelled billets from the chopper under experimental investigation. The spatial trajectory of the billet was obtained, thereby verifying the existence of different upward throwing trajectories in three different regions during the throwing process of billets. Comparing and analyzing the trajectory at different throwing angles, it was concluded that the billet trajectory was ideal when the rotational speed of the chopper was 470 rpm and the throwing angle was 34°. Under these conditions, the angle adjusting plate of the guiding channel has a better inclination angle of 30°. The research results in this paper can provide a basis for determining the ideal relative positions of the chopper and extractor fan when designing a sugarcane harvester and also provide a reference for studying the expulsion trajectory of stalk crop segments.

In this paper, the collector is designed for electric sugarcane leaves returning field machine. According to the working principles of the collector and the moving trace rules of collecting components, we confirm the important structural parameters of the collector by using the ADAMS software for motion simulation optimization, including the rotor radius, crank length, the locus curve in the center of cam disc slide and et al. The ADAMS software is used for simulating the movement of the collector with different combinations of two factors (the forward speed of machine and rotate speed of roller plate), and we can obtain the results about the angular acceleration at the end of collecting components and the leakage area per meter. The data obtained from the simulation test is analyzed by Central Composite Design (CCD) with the aim of assessing the best working parameter combination on low leakage rate. The best parameter combination of two variables are determine, i.e., the forward speed is v=0.4 m/s, and the rotate speed is ω=49.41 rpm. The sum area of leakage area is 26.95cm2/m, and the largest angular acceleration at the end of collecting components is 200 rad/s2. The collector based on the theoretical design results is produced, and it would be tested in the forward speed of v=0.4 m/s, and rotate speed of ω=50 rpm for analyzing its performance. The test results show that the collecting effect of the collector is well, and the leakage rate is 2.93 %, which can be up to the requirement of agricultural technical index. The collector can complete the collecting work of the sugarcane leaves returning field machine.

Conventional chopper sugarcane combine harvesters had numerous drawbacks, including high center of gravity, easy clogging, and high trash rate. In order to resolve these problems, a chopper sugarcane combine harvester with shorter roller train and primary extractor installed in the middle was designed in the present study. The proposed harvester was equipped with the roller train and billet transporters. Moreover, the structure of the primary extractor was improved, and its position was selected to address the issues of chopper harvesters. Performing the field experiment shows that the average traveling speed of the proposed machine was 2 km/h, while the average feed capacity was 5.5 kg/s. Furthermore, it was found that the qualified rate of the cutting height, rate of the broken perennial ratoon, total loss, trash rate, and the qualified rate of cane billets were 90.1%, 9.6%, 3.1%, 4.4%, and 92.1%, respectively. Field experiment showed that the proposed machine harvested 2 × 10 4 kg of sugarcane per hour, where the average harvesting cost was about 45 RMB per 1000 kg of the cane. It was found that the operating efficiency was approximately 200 times higher than that of the manual harvesting, while the corresponding costs were reduced by 55%–70%. Moreover, it was concluded that the proposed machine was superior over AS60 and 4GZQ-260 in terms of the harvesting performance and almost reached the level of them in regard to the economic performance.

针对我国目前山地甘蔗收割困难、缺乏适用收获装备的问题,设计了三角履带式甘蔗联合收割机转向系统,主要包括后桥、轮桥连接架的设计和转向油缸行程确定.针对关键部件转向后桥和轮桥连接架进行了受力计算与有限元应力分析,对转弯半径进行了计算,并进行了相应的试验.关键零件应力测试试验结果表明:转向后桥的最大静应力为43.67MPa,动态稳定应力约50MPa,仿真误差为12.66％;轮桥连接架转向最大静应力158.59MPa,动态应力为176MPa,仿真的误差为9.89％,仿真与实际基本一致.转弯半径试验结果表明:理论转弯半径为6.4m,实际测试时由于车速不同,转弯半径在6.127～6.5m范围内,与理论最大误差4.27％,在可接受范围内,转向系统的设计达到了设计要求.

When sugarcane harvesters are operating in the field,the ups and downs of the ridge might affect the height of stubbles,and might even cause stubbles damages. In order to solve this problem, this paper designed a control system based on AT89S52 MCU. This control system can locate both the most front-end of Basecutter tip and the variation of ridge terrain under the most front-end of Basecutter tip by ultrasonic ranging radars. In the MCU, there is a median filter program which processes the measurement value to use as the parameters of Basecutter discs adjustment. If it needs to be adjusted, MCU outputts signals to control the electro-hydraulic valve through a relay and achieved Basecutter discs moving following the terrain changes. The system was tested on a 4GDL-132 billet harvester pro-totype in order to verify its performance. The test showed that driving 20 m on the ground with ± 5° slope changes,the average distance between the tip and the ground was 17.49 cm, in the case of 17.5 cm setting height difference with ± 2 cm fluctuation range. The test proved that the control sys-tem could adjust Basecutter tip position automatically obtain the same curve of Basecutter tip as that of the ground.

本文论述了近10多年来华南农业大学在湛江广前公司前进分公司试验的3种中小型甘蔗收获系统的试验情况，并对它们的效果和适应性进行了分析讨论，对中小型甘蔗收获系统的应用提出了建议。

该研究针对蓖麻蒴果的物性特点,以提高其剥壳率和降低破损率为目标,研制了蓖麻蒴果剥壳装置,对关键部件进行了改进设计与力学分析,建立了力与变形的数学模型.利用MATLAB进行运算,得出了挤压力P与轧角α、辊筒变形量ΔR、两辊筒间隙、蓖麻蒴果直径和辊筒直径的关系.明确了剥壳过程中各种影响因子间的相互制约关系,确定了影响蓖麻蒴果剥壳的主要因素是辊筒转速、辊筒间隙和辊筒差速,提出了影响剥壳率和破损率的优化方案:剥壳率优化的因素水平组合是辊筒转速为10 r/min,辊筒间隙为18 mm,辊筒差速为30 r/min;破损率优化的因素水平组合是辊筒转速为10 r/min,辊筒差速为30 r/min,辊筒间隙为12 mm,研究结果可为同类剥壳机械的优化设计提供理论支持和技术参考.

Through the study on the shucking principle of castor shucking machine, this paper designs the key working mechanism of castor shucking machine. By orthogonal experiment, it finds that the main parameters influencing the rate of insufficient shucking and breakage rate are roller speed, gap and material and studies the influence degree of various parameters on shucking effect and the relationship between them in the process of shucking. Shucking net rate: the influence of roller speed and gap on it is relatively significant but the influence of roller material on it is not significant; breakage rate: the influence of roller speed, gap and material on it is significant. The best optimization combination is A2B2C3, i.e. shucking roller speed is 10r/min, shucking roller gap is 18mm and shucking roller material is steel base covered with plastic material outside.

The contact temperature of the frictional surfaces under boundary lubrication in square surface contact is calculated according to classic heat conduction theories. The friction coefficient of boundary lubrication is expressed with the friction coefficient of boundary film and direct contact. Then, a model is developed based on the relationship of adsorption heat, friction coefficient and contact temperature. The model is used to solve a sample question. The results illuminate that when the applied load is relatively small, the friction coefficient keeps at a stable small value with the variation of the sliding speed and the load. However, when the load reaches a certain value, the increase of the sliding speed or the normal load both leads to the increase of the friction coefficient. The friction coefficient is also increases with the increase of the contact temperature. The relative deficiency of oil, which indicates the proportion of the true contact area to mean contact area, has almost the same variation trend of the friction coefficient.

对龙眼果实、果核进行压缩试验表明:龙眼整果的压缩力-变形曲线为二次多项式关系,其横向和纵向的刚度相近,弹性模量为0.90～0.95 MPa;果核的压缩力-变形曲线为近似线性关系,横向和纵向刚度相近,弹性模量约为40 MPa.龙眼整果破壳时变形随着加载速率的增加而减小.由果壳的拉伸试验得到应力-应变关系和果壳弹性模量-应变关系.试验表明龙眼果实可看作各向同性材料.

为了实现蒴果壳与蓖麻籽成功剥离,载荷的大小以及载荷来自的方位相当重要.在蓖麻蒴果壳的物理特性测定分析基础上,运用接触力学对蓖麻蒴果脐部与顶部和腰部受到压载荷时,进行力学特性的试验分析与研究.结果显示蒴果在脐部与顶部受到压载荷作用时,果壳破裂的位置在蒴果顶部中缝处,中果皮内面产生裂纹而使蓖麻籽在果壳中脱出;蒴果在腰部受到压载荷作用时,果壳破裂的位置出现在蒴果中果皮中缝的两端,蒴果四周角靠近直线处也有裂纹而使蓖麻籽在果壳中脱出,蓖麻蒴果脐部与顶部受力大于腰部受力.

In this study,the physical and mechanical performance of castor capsule shell was measured. By being simplified into a homogeneous thin-shell,its internal force and movement were analyzed by theory of thin-shell. The results proveed that two pairs of perpendicular foeces are benefical to even and complete cracking.

Three-dimensional pattern of air-condition pipelines was established by Pro/E software, transferred to ANSYS environment, and a pipeline finite element analysis model constructed to caculate the first 20 stairs inherent frequency and vibration mode. Simulating compressor excitation and analyzing pipeline vibration re-ponse characteristics, an optimization design scheme for decreasing the matched pipelines vibration was obtained by caculation and analysis. This demonstrated that it was feasible to decrease air-condition pipelines vibration by the finite element technology of ANSYS software.

该文对广前公司引进的甘蔗生产机器系统3年来的机械化试验进行了评价及经济分析.机械化是一项复杂的系统工程,机械化系统需要合理的机具配置和高质量的现代管理,各个环节都影响整个系统的工作效率.甘蔗生产机械化系统虽然还有很多问题,但是其潜在的高工效、高经济效益是人工难以比拟的.如果建立和完善管理体系和社会化服务体系,并且能够很好地解决土地清理、机具配套、收获部署及人员培训等问题,我国实现甘蔗生产全面机械化将有广阔的前景.