采用均相催化剂钛酸四丁酯,以六氢苯酐和C10直链醇癸醇为原料,进行酯化得到高纯度的环保增塑剂环己烷1,2-二甲酸二癸酯(DIDCH).考察了醇酸摩尔比、催化剂种类及用量、反应时间、反应温度对酯化率的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件为:醇酸摩尔比为2.8:1,反应时间为3h,反应温度为200℃,催化剂用量为六氢苯酐质量的1.5％.产品为无色透明油状液体,酯化率可达到99.48％.采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)及气相质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对DIDCH结构及纯度进行表征,将DIDCH作为增塑剂应用在聚氯乙烯(PVC)中.结果表明,使用DIDCH增塑的PVC试样,热老化试验试样变黄时间为60 min,玻璃化转变温度(Tg)为-8.91℃,具有优异的增塑性能及热稳定性能.

An inorganic-organic porous silica network catalyst was prepared by linking silica nanoparticles using ionic liquid and followed by anion-exchange with phosphotungstate. Characterization methods of FT-IR, TG, SEM, TEM, BET, etc., were carried out to have a comprehensive insight into the catalyst. The catalyst was used for catalyzing cyclooctene epoxidation with high surface area, high catalytic activity, and convenient recovery. The conversion and selectivity of epoxy-cyclooctene could both reach over 99% at 70 °C for 8 h using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidant, and acetonitrile as a solvent when the catalyst was 10 wt. % of cyclooctene.

以六氢苯酐和2-丙基庚醇为原料,钛酸四丁酯为催化剂,进行酯化反应得到环己烷1,2-二甲酸二（2-丙基庚）酯（DPHCH）增塑剂。考察了醇酸摩尔比、催化剂种类及用量、反应温度、反应时间对酯化率的影响。确定了最佳工艺条件为:醇酸摩尔比为2.8∶1,反应温度为200℃,反应时间为3 h,催化剂用量为六氢苯酐质量的1.5%。产品为无色透明油状液体,酯化率可达到99.49%。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）及核磁共振氢谱（1HNMR）对DPHCH结构进行表征,将DPHCH作为增塑剂制成聚氯乙烯（PVC）树脂,并进行了拉伸性能、挥发减量、热重分析,结果表明,与增塑剂DINCH、DEHCH和DOP相比,DPHCH具有优异的增塑性能及热稳定性能。

With the method of conductivity test,static thermal aging,Congo red test and thermogravimetry,the synergistic effect of amino uracil/calcium acetylacetonate/sodium perchlorate with ZnGlyA/CaSt2 (3%) were investigated. The results show that the addition of amino uracil/calcium acetylacetonate/sodium perchlorate in 2% (mass ratio of 3:1:1) result in the best long-term and initial-term thermal stability of PVC products. what's more,"burn" zinc was depressed. Thermal aging stability and static thermal stability time and the thermal stability time reached at 100, 90.5 min and 125 min,respectively, which increase by 30 min, 60 min and 50 min compared with ZnGlyA/CaSt2(3%) system. The results of thermogravimetry show that the temperature of maximum weight loss rate is 315.62℃ and thefirst and second stage significantly fall in different levels, which indicates the good synergistic effect between amino uracil/calcium acetylacetonate/sodium perchlorate and ZnGlyA/CaSt2 system.

A series of environmentally friendly and sustainable polyurethanes using epoxy soybean oil as feedstock were synthesized with the introduction of double-decker silsesquioxane. Feature is that through the two-step polymerization, double-decker octaphenylsilsesquioxanetetraol was added to partially replace 1,4-butanediol acting as chain extender, and petroleum-based polyol was effectively replaced for polyurethane synthesis. On top of that, POSS tetraol was prepared and characterized by 1H NMR and MALDI-TOF MS. As for the organic–inorganic hybrid nanocomposites, their structures and properties were investigated by FTIR, DSC, TGA, SEM, tensile test techniques, and static contact angle. DSC analysis showed that covalent incorporation of POSS into the PU network would increase the glass transition temperature (T g) of the systems. TG analysis demonstrated that the hybrid nanocomposites were indeed more oxidative thermal stable, compared to virgin polyurethane especially at high temperature. SEM revealed that both nano- and micro-sized POSS aggregates were shown to be dispersed heterogeneously in the polyurethane matrix, despite the expectation to be dispersed or corporate into molecular chains by chemical bonding between OH and NCO. According to the tensile test results, POSS-containing nanocomposites exhibited an increased modulus with an increasing POSS concentration at low POSS content, and with high loading, these values would decline. The results of the static contact angles revealed that the hydrophobicity of the hybrid material was significantly improved with the inclusion of POSS.

Two novel molybdenum(VI) tridentate Schiff base complexes supported onto modified mesoporous SBA-15 were prepared by a covalent grafting method, one of which involved the postsynthesis trimethylsilylation of Mo-FSAP-Cl-SBA-15 to remove the residual surface silanol groups. The prepared complex materials were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TEM, Si-29 CP-MAS-NMR, TGA, ICP-AES and nitrogen adsorption-desorption. Both two were active in the catalytic epoxidation of cyclohexene at 80 degrees C using tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) as oxidant and 1,2-dichloroethane as solvent. The catalytic activity of the heterogenized organo catalyst can be further enhanced by silylation of the residual Si-OH groups using Me3SiCl, due to the higher content of Mo active sites and better surface hydrophobicity. As a result, using the more efficient catalyst Mo-FSAP-CH3-Cl-SBA-15 for catalytic reaction, the conversion and selectivity were 94.38% and 91.63%, respectively, under the optimized condition. After being used five times, the conversion and selectivity of Mo-FSAP-CH3-Cl-SBA-15 were still above 80.00% and 90.00% indicating the good reusability of Mo-FSAP-CH3-Cl-SBA-15. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The development stage of ionic liquids and its excellent properties,such as negligible vapor pressure,good solubility and thermal stability,high ionic conductivity and wide electrochemical stability window are reviewed. The type,structure-activity relationship and preparation methods of ionic liquids are summarized and application in chemical extraction as solvent and application in organic synthesis as catalyst are also presented,including the Friedel-Crafts reaction,Diels-Alder reaction,C-C coupling reaction,esterification and epoxidation. Compared with the traditional catalyst, the effects on different catalytic reactions of ionic liquids with different types are highlighted. The trend of ionic liquids in energy conservation and emission reduction and highly efficient heterogeneous catalytic reaction is discussed.

A composite of graphene oxide(GO) and polyaniline(PANI) nanofibers was prepared by interfacial polymerization of aniline monomer using graphene oxide as substrates.The obtained PANI/graphene oxide composite was reduced to give the PANI nanofibers/graphene composite(PANI/GR) using hydrazine followed by reoxidation of ammonium peroxydisulfate(APS).The morphology and structure of the composites were characterized by FT-IR,UV-Vis,XRD,SEM and TEM.It was found that the GO provided the substrates for polymerization of aniline,meanwhile had a doping effect on PANI.The sandwich structure composite was obtained in which the PANI fibers were between the graphene sheets.It exhibited the double-layer capacitor as well as Faraday pseudocapacitor charateristics,the highest specific capacitance of 460 F/g at a current density of 400mA/g due to synergistic effect between the two components,by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge analysis.The product shows a good electrochemical activity.

一直以来,无锡尚德都是尚德电力公司旗下资产规模最大的生产基地,集中了尚德电力公司95%以上的产能,是全球四大光伏企业之一。无锡尚德作为具有地区代表性的新兴产业,通过分析它的发展之路以及其在发展中主要暴露出的问题及弊端,从中探究问题产生的主要原因,并总结出经验教训,为类似的新兴产业的发展提供参考和借鉴。

近年来,我国光伏产业发展飞速,在2010年中国光伏制造业已经占据全球市场半壁江山,其产品出口量在全球约占90%。但2011年下半年以来,中国光伏产业屡遭国外反倾销和反补贴调查调查范围之广、处罚金额之大前所未有,中国光伏产业发展面临空前危机。本文深入分析此次"双反"调查、我国光伏企业的生存发展现状以及应对措施。

近年来,太阳能光伏产业在全世界得到迅速发展.我国的太阳能光伏产业也有较大进展,但去年因金融危机受到不小的冲击.本文以无锡地区为例,针对国内太阳能光伏企业比较突出的技术管理问题进行分析和研究,并提出解决对策,为国内太阳能光伏企业的发展提供借鉴.