以苎麻为基质,采用溶胶凝胶法对其进行疏水亲油改性并研究其吸附性能.改性后,苎麻纤维疏水效果明显增强,最大吸水倍率由10.14 g/g降低至0.21 g/g,吸水量降低了98%.对柴油、豆油、润滑油、原油的最大吸油量分别达到8.96,11.01,15.61,18.03 g/g,并且吸附速率更快,油水选择性极强.由材料表征分析可知,改性后,苎麻纤维表面出现颗粒状物质,在纤维表面构建了粗糙结构;疏水亲油基团成功修饰到材料表面;材料的多孔状结构更加明显;材料对水的接触角达到134°,疏水效果明显提高.

Orthogonal test method is used to optimize the conditions for the modification of ramie fiber by acetic acid.The optimal condition is found.The solid-liquid ratio,the mass of materials and the volume of modified solution,is 1∶50.They are heated with oil bath 5.5 h at the temperature of 125 ℃.The adsorption amount of ramie fiber on crude oil is 19.876 1 g/g.Compared with before modification it improves the 2.93 times.Microstructure and crystal structure of materials is characterized by FTIR,SEM and XRD.The results display that modified ramie fiber after optimizing the conditions became rougher with more irregular folds,and there is a significant decrease in the peak of hydrophilic group.The crystalline region is destroyed which results in decrease of crystallinity,which improve the hydrophobic and oleophilic properties of ramie fiber.

利用乙酸对苎麻纤维进行改性,获得吸附剂.考察不同改性温度、改性时间获得的改性苎麻纤维对原油的吸附性能,并对改性前后苎麻纤维的保油性能和吸水能力进行研究,同时通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、扫描电镜对改性前后苎麻纤维的结构进行表征.结果表明:改性后苎麻纤维变得疏松多孔,与改性前苎麻纤维相比其羟基、甲基、羰基峰值明显减弱,有利于提高苎麻纤维的疏水亲油性;改性后苎麻纤维的吸油能力和保油能力分别为改性前的1.86倍、1.12倍,改性前苎麻纤维的吸水能力为5.908 1 g/g,改性后降为0.923 8 g/g,因此改性后的苎麻纤维作为油类吸附剂,能够为有效地处理溢油事故提供可能,从而减少资源浪费和其对海洋造成的污染.

Producing method,product characteristics and application in medical sanitation of super-fine denier fiber nonwovens are described briefly in the paper.It is explained that super-fine denier nonwovens own excellent characteristics and it has good application prospect in medical and sanitation field.

The application of biodegradable nonwovens in the field of the medical sector,the biodegradable nonwovens products in common used and newly developed varieties were briefly described.It is pointed out that the biodegradable nonwovens have potential market and bright prospects.