荞麦易落粒,生产上有10％～20％籽粒在收获前自然脱落.为提高荞麦单位面积产量和收益,保障粮食安全,利用荞麦易落粒特性,变劣势为优势,在重庆市城口县通过试验示范,总结出一套荞麦"一种两收"种植技术体系,每667 m2苦荞麦比单季生产增产73％,甜荞麦比单季生产增产65％.

荞麦病害的发生极大地影响了荞麦的品质和产量,对病害的监测是确保荞麦产业健康发展的重要措施.该研究利用深度学习中卷积神经网络的多层特征提取方式,对荞麦病害的特征进行抽取,然后根据特征进行分类,最终实现对荞麦病害的判别.首先采用一种最大稳定极值区域(MSER,Maximally Stable Extremal Regions)和卷积神经网络(CNN,Convolutional Neural Network)结合的方法对荞麦发病区域进行检测,实现了病害区域与非病害区域的分离,准确定位病灶位置;然后在传统卷积神经网络框架上,通过提升网络宽度,约束参数量,加入了两级inception结构,对成像环境复杂,低质量荞麦图像准确地进行特征抽取.同时,为了降低采样过程中光照的影响,采用基于余弦相似度的卷积代替传统的卷积运算,对于光照不均的荞麦叶片也能够进行较好的病害识别.最后,为了验证该研究所提方法的有效性,建立一个包含8种荞麦病害图像的数据集,结果表明采用MSER和CNN结合的区域检测与两级inception识别框架的方法,对于荞麦是否发病判别的精确率、召回率、以及精确率和召回率加权调和平均值分别达到了97.54％,96.38％,97.82％;对于具体病害的识别其均值为84.86％,85.78％,85.40％.该方法在识别精度和速度方面具有良好的性能,为实现荞麦病害的自动识别提供了重要的技术支持.

酉荞3号是按系谱法育成的荞麦芽菜专用新品种.在2013年重庆市荞麦品种春播区试平均单产为120.1 kg/667m2,比对照九江苦养增产3.90％,2013年重庆市荞麦品种秋播区试平均单产112.3 kg/667 m2,减产1.90％,2013年重庆市秋播苦荞麦生产试验平均单产为110.1 kg/667 m2,增产7.94％.全生育期82d,平均株高120 cm,主茎平均分枝4～8个,主茎节数12～16节,单株粒重3.7g,千粒重22.1 g;硒含量为158 μg/kg,粗蛋白含量为11.2％,总黄酮含量为2.5 mg/kg.在荞麦芽菜品种试验中,每100 g酉荞3号种子平均可生产出芽菜224.7 g,较对照品种九江苦荞增产72.7 g,增幅47.8％,芽苗高12.8 cm,脱壳率为92％,收获期、芽苗高、脱壳率等指标均优于对照.芽菜6-苄基腺嘌呤含量＜0.02mg/kg,硒含量为18.6 μg/kg,蛋白质含量为2.4％,脂肪含量为0.4％,总黄酮含量为9.52 mg/kg,纤维素含量为4.15％.适合在重庆市作为荞麦芽菜专用品种进行推广.

朱唇(Salvia coccinea L.)绿叶红花，耐性强、抗性好、适应能力强，被广泛应用于园林绿化中。本文对朱唇的形态特征、生长习性、栽培和管理技术进行了详细探讨。

重庆市2014年荞麦种植面积8000 hm2，总产量1200万kg。分析重庆市荞麦生产概况、市场需求，针对产业发展中存在的问题，提出“加强种质资源收集和新品种选育；大力推广规模化的有机生产栽培技术；着力加快全产业专业技术人才队伍建设；加快龙头企业培育；积极营造产业发展的政策环境；强化市场宣传与推介”等对策建议。

酉荞1号是应用系谱育种方法育成的优质、高产、稳定的苦荞新品种.该品种在重庆市苦荞区域试验中平均单产为127.38 kg/667 m2,比对照九江苦荞增产18.13％,全生育期83 d,平均株高102 cm,分枝数5.6个,主茎节数14.2节,单株粒重20.0 g,千粒重20.5 g,粗蛋白含量为10.4％,类黄酮含量为2.04％,籽粒出粉率为63.5％,适宜重庆市各荞麦产区种植.

重庆市农业学校针对中职园林专业现状，通过市场调研，确定主要专业方向，根据行业对人才的需求状况、能力要求及知识结构的要求，兼顾园林专业的全面性，制定课程体系。并通过建立“双师素质”师资队伍，注重职业道德培养，广泛开展校级技能大赛，开设专业兴趣课等多项措施，探索将学生培养成既具有广博的园林基础知识，又具有一项突出技能的现代技能型人才。

Proanthocyanidins (PAs) play an important role in plant disease defense and have beneficial effects on human health. We isolated and characterized a novel R2R3 MYB-type PA-regulator SsMYB3 from a well-known ornamental plant, coleus (Solenostemon scutellarioides), to study the molecular regulation of PAs and to engineer PAs biosynthesis. The expression level of SsMYB3 was correlated with condensed tannins contents in various coleus tissues and was induced by wounding and light. A complementation test in the Arabidopsis tt2 mutant showed that SsMYB3 could restore the PA-deficient seed coat phenotype and activated expression of the PA-specific gene ANR and two related genes, DFR and ANS. In yeast two-hybrid assays, SsMYB3 interacted with the Arabidopsis AtTT8 and AtTTG1 to reform the ternary transcriptional complex, and also interacted with two tobacco bHLH proteins (NtAn1a and NtJAF13-1) and a WD40 protein, NtAn11-1. Ectopic overexpression of SsMYB3 in transgenic tobacco led to almost-white flowers by greatly reducing anthocyanin levels and enhancing accumulation of condensed tannins. This overexpression of SsMYB3 upregulated the key PA genes (NtLAR and NtANR) and late anthocyanin structural genes (NtDFR and NtANS), but downregulated the expression of the final anthocyanin gene NtUFGT. The formative SsMYB3-complex represses anthocyanin accumulation by directly suppressing the expression of the final anthocyanin structural gene NtUFGT, through competitive inhibition or destabilization of the endogenous NtAn2-complex formation. These results suggested that SsMYB3 may form a transcription activation complex to regulate PA biosynthesis in the Arabidopsis tt2 mutant and transgenic tobacco. Our findings suggest that SsMYB3 is involved in the regulation of PA biosynthesis in coleus and has the potential as a molecular tool for manipulating biosynthesis of PAs in fruits and other crops using metabolic engineering.

A complementary DNA library was constructed from the flowers of Chimonanthus praecox, an ornamental perennial shrub blossoming in winter in China. Eight hundred sixty-seven high-quality expressed sequence tag sequences with an average read length of 673.8 bp were acquired. A nonredundant set of 479 unigenes, including 94 contigs and 385 singletons, was identified after the expressed sequence tags were clustered and assembled. BLAST analysis against the nonredundant protein database and nonredundant nucleotide database revealed that 405 unigenes shared significant homology with known genes. The homologous unigenes were categorized according to Gene Ontology hierarchies (biological, cellular, and molecular). By BLAST analysis and Gene Ontology annotation, 95 unigenes involved in stress and defense and 19 unigenes related to floral development were identified based on existing knowledge. Twelve genes, of which 9 were annotated as "cold response," were examined by real-time RT-PCR to understand the changes in expression patterns under cold stress and to validate the findings. Fourteen genes, including 11 genes related to floral development, were also detected by real-time RT-PCR to validate the expression patterns in the blooming process and in different tissues. This study provides a useful basis for the genomic analysis of C. praecox.

The varieties used in this research were Euonymus japonicus 'Daye Huangyang',Euonymus japonicus 'Jinbian Huangyang',Euonymus japonicus 'Jinxin Huangyang'.Through studying chlorophyll content,carotenoid content,anthocyanin content,we can explore the relationship between leaf color and pigment content of plant leaf.The results indicated that:(1) compared with the green leaves,the chlorophyll and carotenoid content of pigments in the yellow area is lower,the anthocyanin content is same.(2) the absence of pigments is the significant reason to cause the variations of leaves color.

【Objective】 This work was aimed to investigate the sequence characteristics of a DFR gene from Fagopyrum dibotrys(D.Don) Hara.【Method】According to the obtained homologous probe from other plant's DFRs,DFR gene was isolated from the F.dibotrys using the RACE(rapid amplification of cDNA ends) methods to scanning cDNA library;and bio-informatical analysis,and Southern blot were also made.【Result】One DFR cDNA clones(FdDFR1) was cloned(GenBank accession No.EF522145/EF522146).The comparison between cDNA and genomic DNA sequences revealed that FdDFR1 is composed of two exons and one intron.Southern blot analysis indicated that DFR belongs to a small gene family,and only one FdDFR1 copy in F.dibotrys genomes.A NADP binding site(VTGASGFVGSWLVMRLLEHGY) and a substrate specificity motif(TVNVEEKQKPVYDETCW SDVDFCR RV) were observed in the deduced amino acid sequence of FdDFR1 contained N-terminal region.【Conclusion】It is concluded that FdDFR1 has the typical characteristics with other homologous genes.

Lignans are important defensive compounds in plants and have good biological activities protecting human health. In order to study the medicinal secondary metabolism of Fagopyrum cymosum (Trev.) Meisn, a traditional Chinese medicine with anti-tumor effect, a novel isoflavone reductase-like gene, FcIRL, was cloned using RACE strategy from a cDNA library of high flavonoids-producing callus. The full-length cDNA of the FcIRL was 1 217 bp (accession no. EU116032), which contained a 942 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 313 amino acid protein. Two stop codons (TAG) and a putative polyadenylation signal ATAAA at 24 bp upstream from the polyadenylation site was found in 5' and 3' UTR, separately. And no intron was found in the genomic sequence yet. FcIRL contained a predicted N-terminal acetylation site (M1-K5) and a NADPH-binding motif (G10-G-T-G13-Y-I-G16) in the N-terminal region, a conserved NmrA (nitrogen metabolite repression regulator) domain (V6-N244), multi-phosphorylation sites and one conserved N-glycosylation site (N214). Sequence homology comparison, phylogenetic analysis and advanced structures prediction all suggested that FcIRL belonged to the class of pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductase (PLR), which is a key enzyme in synthetic pathway of 8-8'-linked lignans, with function in catalyzing reduction of pinoresinol and lariciresinol into secoisolariciresinol, and medicinal secondary metabolism and resistance in F. cymosum.

【Objective】 This work was aimed to investigate the sequence characteristics of a DFR gene from Fagopyrum dibotrys(D.Don) Hara.【Method】According to the obtained homologous probe from other plant's DFRs,DFR gene was isolated from the F.dibotrys using the RACE(rapid amplification of cDNA ends) methods to scanning cDNA library;and bio-informatical analysis,and Southern blot were also made.【Result】One DFR cDNA clones(FdDFR1) was cloned(GenBank accession No.EF522145/EF522146).The comparison between cDNA and genomic DNA sequences revealed that FdDFR1 is composed of two exons and one intron.Southern blot analysis indicated that DFR belongs to a small gene family,and only one FdDFR1 copy in F.dibotrys genomes.A NADP binding site(VTGASGFVGSWLVMRLLEHGY) and a substrate specificity motif(TVNVEEKQKPVYDETCW SDVDFCR RV) were observed in the deduced amino acid sequence of FdDFR1 contained N-terminal region.【Conclusion】It is concluded that FdDFR1 has the typical characteristics with other homologous genes.

The cotyledons of Chimonanthus praecox were used as explants in in viteo culture.The modified MS medium and MS medium were used as the basic medium in this experiment.The results showed that the regeneration and cytodifferentiation of calli were induced in the modified MS+6-BA1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+KT 0.5 mg/L+IBA 0.2 mg/L+2,4-D0.2 mg/L.The regenerated plantlets had the best growth coefficient(2.7) in the modified MS+6-BA1.0 mg/L+NAA0.1 mg/L.The optimum medium for rhizogenesis was 1/2 MS+NAA 0.1 mg/L,where the rate of rhizogenesis could be more than 70%.In contrast,the rate of rhizogenesis was only 10% in 1/2 MS without any NAA.

Cold-regulated 413-plasma membrane (COR413-PM) proteins are potentially targeted to the plasma membrane, associated with the development of freezing tolerance needed for winter survival in overwintering plants. In attempt to elucidate the molecular mechanism of cold tolerance of wintersweet, which blooms in the deep winter,a COR413 protein gene,designated as Cpcor413pm1,was obtained by sequencing the randomly selected clones,on the basis of Chimonanthus praecox flower cDNA library construction and its ESTs analysis. It was showed that the cDNA of Cpcor413pm1 was 946 bp in length, encoding a predicted protein of 201 amino acids .The CpCOR413PM1 protein contained conserved regions involved in five transmembrane domains (TMDs), one alpha helix which was divided by a G-rich region, one putative glycosylated phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchoring site, seven Pro residues and one Cys residue, as well as three phosphorylation sites in Ser residue, Thr residue and Tyr residue, respectively. The N-terminal region of CpCOR413PM1 protein are poorly conserved and no signal peptide was discovered in the protein. Sequence comparisons showed that CpCOR413PM1 was a novel COR413-PM protein from wintersweet. The expression pattern of COR413-PM was analyzed by RT-PCR. It was demonstrated that Cpcor413pm1 gene was expressed in sprout period, flower-bud period, display-petal period, initiating bloom period, bloom period, wither period, and high levels of transcripts were accumulated during initiating bloom period and bloom period,suggesting that Cpcor413pm1 gene was correlated with the development of freezing tolerance in flower of wintersweet.