Objectives The article is aimed at investigating the suture effect of absorbable suture in strabismus correction and the advantage of Watson care theory. Methods 148 children with strabismus were enrolled in this study and divided into two groups. The control group received routine nursing, and on this basis, the observation group was given Watson care theory nursing and eye muscle suture with absorbable sutures. The degree of cooperation (induction compliance checklist (ICC) score), negative emotion (modified Yale preoperative anxiety scale (m-YAPS) score), pain (face pain scale (FPS) score), quality of nursing management, parents' satisfaction, clinical efficacy, and adverse reactions were compared. Results After nursing and surgical treatment, all children's strabismus symptoms were improved, and the improvement of strabismus and visual function in the observation group was more obvious. Watson care nursing can effectively improve the nursing management quality, parents' satisfaction, children's negative emotions, and treatment compliance. Conclusions As a result, Watson care theory nursing is of great significance for improving the relationship between nurses and patients and building a harmonious hospital.

ObjectiveThis study examines the distribution and development of intraocular pressure (IOP) in infants aged from 0 to 36 months and analyzes its correlation with corneal diameter.MethodsThe study used a retrospective case analysis methodology. Healthy infants treated in the ophthalmology department of Hebei Children's Hospital from December 2012 to December 2020 were included in the study. Among these infants, 385 had their IOP measured, and 432 had their corneal diameters measured. Furthermore, information such as birth history, growth and development, IOP, and corneal diameter were collected. Their IOPs were measured with an iCare portable rebound tonometer when the child was awake and calm, and the corneal diameter was measured with a Castroviejo caliper under chloral hydrate sedation. The infants were divided into five groups according to age, and SPSS statistical software was used to analyze, compare, and correlate IOP and corneal diameter variations.ResultsThe mean IOP values of 0–1 month, 1–6 months, 6–12 months, 12–24 months and 24–36 months groups were 7.42 ± 1.92, 9.10 ± 2.85, 12.00 ± 3.15, 13.72 ± 3.09, and 15.14 ± 2.67 mmHg, respectively. The differences in IOP of the 0–1 month old infants and the 1–6 months old infants with the other three groups were statistically significant; the difference in IOP between the 6–12 months group and the 24–36 months group was statistically significant. In the studied groups, the horizontal corneal diameters were 9.78 ± 0.14, 10.50 ± 0.29, 10.86 ± 0.23, 11.38 ± 0.07, and 11.72 ± 0.04 mm, respectively, and the vertical diameters of the cornea were 9.28 ± 0.26, 10.07 ± 0.18, 10.28 ± 0.14, 10.56 ± 0.24, and 10.85 ± 0.03 mm, respectively. The differences in the vertical and horizontal diameters of the cornea among the groups were statistically significant.ConclusionInfants' IOP and corneal diameter positively correlate with age, and they peak in the first 12 months.

Objective To investigate refractive development and prevalence of myopia in children aged 3-6 years in Hebei Province, China, and to explore the developmental law of refraction, so as to clinically guide the prediction and intervention of myopia. Methods In May 2019, a total of 6120 people were inspected in 68 kindergartens in 11 cities in Hebei Province. Child refractive refraction was checked under noncycloplegia using a handheld binocular vision screener (SW-800, SUOER, Tianjin, China). Axial length (AL) and corneal radius of curvature (CR) were measured using an ocular biometry (IOLMaster 500, Carl Zeiss, Germany). Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent (SE) ≤ −0.75 D. Results A total of 5506 children aged 3-6 years met the criteria and were included in the statistical analysis. The prevalence of myopia was 3.49% (1.93% at age 3, 2.90% at age 4, 3.78% at age 5, and 3.88% at age 6). Overall, the mean SE was +0.67 ± 1.05 D (+0.81 ± 1.00 D at age 3, +0.79 ± 1.05 D at age 4, +0.67 ± 1.08 D at age 5, and +0.13 ± 1.01 D at age 6); the mean CR was 7.76 ± 0.26 mm (7.78 ± 0.26 mm at age3, 7.75 ± 0.25 mm at age 4, 7.77 ± 0.26 mm at age 5, and 7.76 ± 0.25 mm at age 6); the mean AL was 22.31 ± 0.73 mm (21.98 ± 0.63 mm at age 3, 22.12 ± 0.69 mm at age 4, 22.34 ± 0.73 mm at age 5, and 22.49 ± 0.73 mm at age 6). Conclusions Prevalence of myopia increases with age in children aged 3-6 years in Hebei, China. With the increase of age, CR is basically stable, and AL increases gradually. AL/CR, which is closely related to SE, can be used as an indicator to predict myopia and guide clinical work.

BACKGROUND:After strabismus surgery, the local swelling of conjunctival wound will affect the uniform distribution of tears on the ocular surface, and the inflammatory reaction will affect the stability of tear film, which will easily lead to iatrogenic dry eye. This study aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin A palmitate (VAP) eye gel application in dry eye and the advantages of Watson's theory of caring.METHODS:Two hundred and forty children with dry eye after strabismus surgery treated in our hospital from September 2018 to September 2020 were selected as the study subjects, and were randomly divided into control group and observation group according to the allocation ratio of 1:1. Watson's theory of care nursing was applied in the observation group, and VAP eye gel was additionally dropped into the eye. Mouse conjunctival goblet cells (GCs) were used to detect the effect of VAP on the growth of GCs. Treatment compliance, improvement of dry eye symptoms [Schirmer I test (SIT), tear film break-up time (BUT), and fluorescent staining (FL) score], inflammatory factor levels in tears, clinical efficacy, and parents' satisfaction were compared.RESULTS:It was found that VAP eye gel could better promote the proliferation of GCs. After nursing and clinical treatment, the dry eye symptoms were improved in all included children, and improvements in the SIT, BUT, and FL scores were more obvious in the observation group. Watson's theory of care nursing could effectively improve the children's treatment compliance and parents' satisfaction.CONCLUSIONS:As a result, the application of VAP eye gel and Watson's theory of care nursing could effectively reduce the occurrence of dry eye after strabismus surgery, and were of great importance for improving the relationship between nurses and patients and building a harmonious hospital.TRIAL REGISTRATION:Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2100049136.

目的 比较自上泪小点和下泪小点进针行泪道探通治疗婴儿鼻泪管阻塞的效果.方法 选取眼科门诊就诊的鼻泪管阻塞的患儿180例(220只眼),90例作为(108只眼)作为A组,采取上泪小点进针行泪道探通术;90例作为(112只眼)作为B组,采取下泪小点进针行泪道探通术,观察泪道探通结果,观察2组患者手术效果、不同月龄患儿探通手术效果及并发症发生率.结果 A组一次治愈率显著高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).上泪小点进针>9个月患儿一次治愈率明显低于3个月<月龄<6个月和6～9个月,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),6～9个月一次治愈率低于3个月<月龄<6个月,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).A组假道眼睑肿胀、泪小管撕裂、出血、感染等并发症发生率明显低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 从上泪小点进针行泪道探通术对婴儿鼻泪管阻塞的治疗效果优于从下泪小点进针行泪道探通术,且减少假道、眼睑肿胀、泪小管撕裂、出血感染等并发症的发生率.

Purpose: Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are complicated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis due to the compromised immune function after chemotherapy. Here, we report a case of cytomegalovirus retinitis in a 4-year-old girl with ALL to emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and intravenous administration of antiviral medication in this group of patients. Case Report: A 4-year-old girl with ALL was diagnosed of fulminant CMV retinitis after chemotherapy. Funduscopic examination revealed perivascular sheathing in pole and peripheral retina of right eye. Large areas of yellowish-white edema, hemorrhage and exudation along the vessels were seen in the superior nasal retina. Few perivascular sheathings were found in peripheral retina without obvious hemorrhage and exudation in left eye. With early diagnosis and prompt intravenous administration of ganciclovir,the lesion of the fundus subsided and the vision was restored over 4 months of follow up period. Conclusions: In summary, CMV retinitis can occur in ALL pediatric patients who receive chemotherapy only, especially in the maintenance stage. With routine follow-up, early diagnosis and intravenous antiviral therapy, these patients may have a good prognosis.

Objective To investigate clinical features, misdiagnosed causes and preventive measures of children with concealed corneal foreign body. Methods Clinical data for 8 misdiagnosed children with concealed corneal foreign body was retrospectively analyzed. Results The misdiagnosed rate was 17. 8% in this study, and patients' age range from 5 months to 16 years old. All children had repeatedly red-eye, and had been misdiagnosed as having keratitis, but the effects were poor by corresponding treatments. Misdiagnosed time was 3 d-2 months. Concealed corneal foreign body was confirmed by red-eye re-current attacks, corneal irritation, careful slit lamp examination and staining, and foreign body was removed. The children re-covered well after the surgery without red-eye symptom during 2 months of review. Conclusion Concealed corneal foreign body is easy to be misdiagnosed. The patients should be highly suspected as having concealed corneal foreign body with symp-toms of repeatedly red-eye symptom, photophobia, lacrimation, foreign body sensation or with corneal inflammatory infiltra-tion, ulcer turbidity, local opacity in eye examinations and long-term incurability.

Objective To investigate types of fundus change in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and clinical features of each type, providing the clinical basis for differential diagnosis and timing of treatment. Methods Retrospective case study. The clinical data of 24 patients (39 eyes) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and clinical features were collected from January 2015 to September 2017. Slit-lamp ophthalmoscopy,indirect oph-thalmoscopy, fundus photography, blood CMV-IgM, blood CMV-DNA, urine CMV-DNA, and T-lymphocyte counts when the lesion changes were measured. Results 39 eyes of 24 patients are reviewed,including 15 males 25 eyes,9 females 14 eyes. The age ranges from 3 to 14 years,the mean age was (7.88±2.61) years old. In-cluding 11 cases 17 eyes (45.83%) of cytomegalovirus retinitis and 13 cases 22 eyes (54.17%) of leukemic retinopathy were included,fundus changes were the first manifestation in 4 cases. All the cytomegalovirus retinitis patients CD4+ T lymphocyte were less than 200 cells/μl. Temporal peripheral lesions are most common,the majori-ty of lesion were quiescence after treatment following with increase of CD4+ T lymphocyte count, more than 200 cells/μl. Bilateral optic disc edema appear in 45.45% of leukemic retinopathy, 36.36% has retinal hemorrhage, 18.18% has both. The prognosis was good after treatment in department of hematology. Conclusions There are vari-ous types of fundus changes in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and need to be identified, cy-tomegalovirus retinitis should be notice except of leukemic retinopathy. The progression of cytomegalovirus retinitis is closely related to the decrease in T-lymphocyte counts. For DNA positive and CD4+ T lymphocyte reductions, especially in patients with less than 200 cells/μl, cytomegalovirus retinitis should be highly suspected. The prognosis of fundus disease caused by leukemia is better.

<正>新生儿听力筛查的普及对于先天性听力障碍儿童的早发现、早预防和早期干预具有十分重要的意义。但是有关资料显示,新生儿听力筛查初次筛查假阳性率为4.37%,复筛假阳性率为8.99%[1]。在早产儿和试管婴儿范围内假阳性率将会更高[2]。我们对近些年就诊于我院门诊的未通过听力筛查的患儿行硬性耳内镜检查,试图尽早发现一些假阳性的原因,及时给予治疗,同时在一定程度上能够减轻此类患儿家属的