The preparation of perovskite single crystals is essential for the fabrication of high-performance optoelectronic devices. Yet achieving precise spatial control over crystal arrays remains a significant challenge. In this study, we introduce a reconfigurable method for the patterned crystallization of lead halide perovskites using digital holographic optical tweezers. This approach allows for precise spatially controlled crystallization, enabling the formation of diverse geometric crystal patterns of the perovskite. Moreover, the crystallization patterns exhibit excellent reconfigurability with dynamic transformations such as rotation, compression, stretching, and shape conversion achieved by modulating the holographic phase in real time. This method enables a versatile and powerful platform for the scalable engineering of perovskite crystal arrays in next-generation optoelectronic devices.

Inspired by the well-known experimental connections between X(3872), Zcs(4220), and Y(4620), we systematically study the recently reported strange partner of Tcc, the 1+ccqs system, and its orbital excitation state 1-ccqs. A chiral quark model incorporating SU(3) symmetry is considered to study these two systems. To better investigate their spatial structure, we introduce a precise few-body calculation method, the Gaussian Expansion Method (GEM). In our calculations, we include all possible physical channels, including molecular states and diquark structures, and consider channel coupling effects. To identify the stable structures in the system (bound states and resonance states) we employ a powerful resonance search method, the Real-Scaling Method (RSM). According to our results, in the 1+ccqs system, we obtain two bound states with energies of 3890 MeV and 3940 MeV, as well as two resonance states with energies of 3975 MeV and 4090 MeV. The decay channels of these two resonance states are DDs & lowast; and D & lowast;Ds, respectively. In the 1-ccqs system, we obtain only one resonance state, with an energy of 4570 MeV, and two main decay channels: DDs1 & lowast; and D & lowast;Ds1 '. We strongly suggest that experimental groups use our predictions to search for these stable structures.

Abstract Highly conductive silicon-doped gallium nitride (GaN) is commonly used in high-power optoelectronics and electronics. Alternatively, germanium (Ge) can achieve a higher doping concentration than silicon, as its atomic size is similar to that of Ga. Precisely understanding and controlling the atomic structure of Ge-doped GaN is necessary to enhance the electrical performance of GaN materials. While Raman spectroscopy can present localized vibration mode (LVM) fingerprint peaks that exhibit Raman activity caused by doping, determining the atomic structure of point defects through fingerprint peaks remains challenging. In this study, we estimated the phonon spectrum and LVMs of Ge-doped GaN using density functional theory. Additionally, we calculated the Raman spectra through bond polarization to obtain the atomic structure and vibration modes corresponding to fingerprint peaks. According to the formation energy, GeGa+ was the most likely defect to form. A comparison between the phonon density of states of bulk and defective structures located the fingerprint peak at 547.0 cm–1. Additionally, the LVMs exhibited a phenomenon similar to rotational displacement patterns, which may be related to the symmetry breaking at the Ge site. This study improves the understanding of how the structure of Ge-doped GaN affects variations in its material properties.

Developing eco-friendly and sustainable structural bioplastics from natural resources is a paramount trajectory to mitigate the environmental crises posed by petroleum-derived plastic waste. However, the inherent brittleness and poor gas-barrier properties of raw polysaccharides severely impede their practical applications in advanced packaging scenarios. Herein, an interfacial supramolecular co-assembly strategy is established to fabricate smart, biodegradable, and super-strong cellulose acetate structural films by introducing an ultra-low loading <2% of a tailored rigid chromophore, 1-aminoanthraquinone (AAQ). Benefiting from the precise match of the donor-acceptor domains, a highly dense and intertwined intermolecular hydrogen-bonding network was successfully constructed across the CA-AAQ interfaces. The tight restriction of intramolecular motion and alteration of the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer pathways endow the films with noteworthy wavelength-dependent fluorescence, enabling vivid transition from day-light wheat color to deep yellow (254 nm), peach (300 nm), and purple (365 nm) under UV excitations. Further, the CA-AAQ film revealed much improved water vapor penetrability of 4.480 × 10-15 g·mm/m2·day·kPa and O2 transmission rate of 0.2095 cm3·μm/m2·day·kPa, respectively, compared to CA film having water vapor penetrability of 1.088 × 10-14 g·mm/m2·day·kPa O2 and transmission rate of 0.6635 cm3·μm/m2·day·kPa. This work provides a promising strategy for designing high-performance bioplastic materials targeted at next-generation intelligent packaging applications.

Since the discovery of T-cc by LHCb, there has been considerable interest in T-cc and its heavy-flavor partners. However, the study of its strange partner T-ss has been largely overlooked. Within the framework of the chiral quark model, we conducted a systematic study of the bound states of T-ss based on the Gaussian Expansion Method. We considered all physical channels with 01(+), including molecular and diquark structures. Moreover, by considering the coupling between diquarks and molecular states, our calculations allowed us to identify a deep bound state with a bounding energy of 60 MeV primarily composed of KK*. Using the P-3(0) model, we calculated the decay width of K* within the KK* bound state, which is approximated as the decay width of the bound state in the T-ss system. These results indicate that, owing to the effect of binding energy, the decay width of K* in KK* is approximately 3 MeV smaller than that of K* in vacuum. Additionally, resonance state calculations were performed. We used the real-scaling method to search for possible resonance states in the T-ss sysytem. Because of the strong attraction in the [K*](8)[K*](8) configuration, four resonance states were found in the vicinity of 2.2-2.8 GeV, predominantly featuring hidden-color structures. The decay widths of these states are less than 10 MeV. We strongly recommend experimental efforts to search for the resonance states in the T-ss system predicted by our calculations.

Porous bowl-like WO3 structures were prepared using a facile spray pyrolysis method using silica spheres (Ludox, 5-7 nm) as template. The effects of different amounts of Ludox on the structure, morphology, and gas-sensing performance of WO3 were investigated. The sensor based on the porous bowl-like WO3 structures prepared with 1.5 g Ludox exhibits the highest response to dimethylamine (DMA) at 220 degrees C, with a response of 650 (S = Ra/Rg), which is approximately 6.5 times that of WO3 microspheres prepared without Ludox. Additionally, this sensor shows fast response and recovery times of 20 s and 30 s, respectively, a low detection limit of 10 ppb, good selectivity, and excellent repeatability along with long-term stability towards DMA. The reaction process of DMA is revealed using in situ diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT) and validated through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The DFT results indicated that the adsorption energy of WO3 (020) is higher than that of WO3 (001) and WO3 (200). Its excellent gas-sensing performance is closely related to its unique porous bowl-like structure, abundant oxygen vacancies, highly exposed facets of (020) and large specific surface area.

Developing non-enzymatic sensors for wearable health monitoring is of great significance and challenging. Conductive metal-organic frameworks (CMOFs) are appealing candidates but hindered by limited conductivity. We report an iodine doped CMOF termed as I2@FeTHQ with greatly improved electrochemical performance for sensitive wireless detection of ascorbic acid (AA) in sweat. The doping improved ligand radical degree and ferrous/ferric ratio, modulating the redox states for better electron hopping. Mechanistic studies revealed Fermi level upshifting for improved conductivity and a framework-mediated AA oxidation pathway. I2@FeTHQ was fabricated into a wearable paper sensor for wet-adhesive on-skin sensing application, the sensor exhibited comprehensive superiority in detection limit (20 nM), response speed (2.3 s), high stability (98 %) and accuracy (93.2 %) comparable to commercial electrode and HPLC analysis. Integration of paper sensor with signal acquisition, conversion and Bluetooth communication affording a wireless epidermal metabolite tracking device for monitoring AA level in sweat. This work establishes the first 3D CMOF-based wearable sensor and its successful metabolite monitoring application, demonstrating the potential of 3D CMOFs for wearable technology and unlocking new avenues for functional MOFs.

Formulating sustainable and biodegradable smart materials from natural resources is unavoidable to replace plastic-based packaging materials, which are lethal to our environment. In this study, a simple technology is presented to successfully incorporate disperse red 60 (DR) having -NH2 and -C=O groups into cellulose acetate to formulate large, scalable, strong, and smart films with great weight barrier properties using the solvent evaporation approach. Formulated filmstrips CA-DR with a thickness of 0.19 mm to 0.27 mm and a size of 1 cm x 7 cm can carry weights of up to 5.0 kg without any distortion. Interestingly, the films possess multiple wavelength-dependent excitation features and are excellent candidates for use in enhanced security packaging, replacing the software-generated tags and barcodes. Moreover, CA-DR films show an outstanding water vapor permeability of 4.039 x 10-7 g.mm/m2daykPa and an O2 transmission rate of 8.34 x 10-3 cm3 x mu m/m2dayKPa, respectively, which is much improved than the tested CA film. The films exhibit creditable excitation wavelength-dependent phenomena, fluorescence, and biodegradability, which impart them an impressive degradable electronics and smart packaging applications in the future to replace conventional plastic-based materials.

Strain engineering, including uniaxial and biaxial strain, has been an effective method to modulate the thermal properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials. However, the distinct effects of both strains on thermal conductivity remain poorly understood. First-principles calculations combined with the phonon Boltzmann transport equation are applied to analyze the phonon behaviors of monolayer MoSe2 under uniaxial and biaxial strains. It is found that the acoustic phonon branches still dominate thermal transport, despite the increased contribution of the optical branches to thermal conductivity under uniaxial strain. The maximum fraction of optical branches only accounts for 6.8% under 4% uniaxial compressive strain. In addition, the contribution of the TA mode (26%) to thermal conductivity is significantly suppressed, with those of both ZA (43.9%) and LA (25.4%) modes improved, under uniaxial compressive strain. However, contributions of both TA (45.4%) and ZA (51.5%) modes to thermal conductivity are increased, accompanied by a significant reduction in the contribution of the LA (0.37%) mode under uniaxial tensile strain. On the other hand, the effect of the TA (28.5%) mode on thermal conductivity is enhanced more, with the contribution of both ZA (43.5%) and LA (19.8%) modes slightly increasing under biaxial compressive strain. The differences in modulating thermal conductivity under both uniaxial and biaxial strains arise from distinct phonon mode responses governed by strain-induced lattice symmetry breaking. These findings provide insight for strain-engineered thermal transport regulation.

The Ag/g-C3N4 nanocone arrays were fabricated on silicon (100) wafers by two distinct methods: pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and plasma sputtering reaction deposition (PSRD). An examination of the morphology reveals the presence of Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) with a diameter range of 8-15 nm on the g-C3N4 nanocone arrays. The analyses of optical properties suggest that the Ag/g-C3N4 nanocone arrays effectively promoted the optical absorption and charge separation attributed to the strong surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of Ag NPs and the charge transfer between g-C3N4 nanocones and Ag NPs. When the Ag-deposition duration was 10 min, the highest photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) production rate reached 2210 mu mol g- 1 h- 1, which was approximately 4 times that of the bare g-C3N4 nanocone array and demonstrated minimal loss in performance even after the photocatalytic activity was tested over five cycles. Thus, the Ag/g-C3N4 nanocone arrays presented considerable potential in photocatalysis applications.

This paper presents a mode-and pulse repetition rate (PRR)-tunable nanosecond LG0n-mode laser master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) system. The master oscillator integrates a passively Q-switched Nd:YAG/Cr4+:YAG laser and a mode converter, enabling tunability across LG0,0 to LG0,5 modes and PRRs from 10 Hz to 1 kHz. A multi-stage hybrid all solid-state amplification scheme, consisting of two-stage end-pumped Nd:YVO4 amplifiers and three-stage side-pumped Nd:YAG amplifiers, is employed to achieve efficient energy scaling while preserving beam quality. At a PRR of 1 kHz, the amplified pulse widths (PWs) are approximately 2.90-3.63 ns, with corresponding pulse energies ranging from 0.58 mJ to 2.83 mJ, and peak powers between 0.16 MW and 0.97 MW. In addition, the amplification characteristics of the LG0,1 mode are also evaluated at PRRs of 10 Hz, 100 Hz, and 500 Hz. These results highlight the potential of this MOPA system for the flexible and efficient generation of mJ-level energy nanosecond LG-mode laser pulses.

Giant molecule acceptors (GMAs) have gained considerable attention due to their exceptional device stability, repeatability, and high power conversion efficiency (PCE). In this work, we synthesized isomerized electron-deficient linkers (trans-ICI and cis-ICI), containing two active methylenes, and employed them to design GMAs. These linkers were then used to synthesize two A-DA ' D-A type GMAs (DY-cis-ICI and DY-trans-ICI) through a metal-free catalytic Knoevenagel condensation reaction, serving as an alternative to the common Stille coupling method. Notably, the isomerized nature of trans-ICI and cis-ICI profoundly influenced the molecular conformations of the A-DA ' D-A type GMAs, with DY-trans-ICI adopting a dominant S-type conformation and DY-cis-ICI adopting a dominant C-type conformation. DY-trans-ICI displays broader absorption spectra and deeper LUMO energy levels compared to DY-cis-ICI. The PCEs of binary organic solar cells based on DY-cis-ICI and DY-trans-ICI reach 14.50% and 14.30%, respectively. This study highlights the effectiveness of electron-deficient linkers as promising building blocks for designing GMAs.

Tungsten trioxide (WO3) is one of the extensively investigated transition metal oxides. Its excellent chromogenic properties make WO3 promising for a variety of scientific and technological applications. We report a new method for reactively depositing WO3 films by plasma assisted pulsed laser deposition that combines electron cyclotron resonance microwave discharge and pulsed laser ablation. The plasma formed during film deposition was spectroscopically characterized by optical emission measurement, revealing that the plasma contains high density of reactive gaseous oxygen and tungsten species which are essential for efficiently synthesizing WOx precursors and depositing WO3 films. The structure of the deposited films and the effect of post-deposition thermal annealing on the film structure were characterized by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The as-deposited WO3 film appears amorphous in nature. Annealing resulted in the growth of crystalline grains and the improvement in the crystallinity of monoclinic WO3. Optical properties of the prepared WO3 films were studied by measuring ultraviolet–visible–near infrared transmission spectra. With the increase of annealing temperature, the WO3 films show a continuous change in color, decline in transmittance, red shift in absorption edge, and narrowing in band gap, clearly manifesting the thermochromic features of the deposited WO3 films.

Owing to charge free property, magnon is highly promising to achieve dissipationless transport without Joule heating and, thus, potentially applicable to energy efficient devices. In this paper, using the non-equilibrium Green's function, we present the bulk-boundary correspondence for magnonic Kagome lattices by studying the edge magnons transport. With staggered exchange interaction and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in the Kagome lattices, one can observe valley contrasting magnon Hall effect, which endows magnon transport with the valley degree of freedom and adds a new dimension to regulate magnon excitation. In particular, we demonstrate that the valley splitting in the Kagome lattice enables a tunable single edge chiral transport. Thermal rectification is a direction-dependent asymmetric heat transfer phenomenon; here, we report the tunable thermal rectification by asymmetric nonlinear effect, and it is, indeed, regulated by the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction direction ( D -> - D) and the exchange of J 1 and J(2) ( J(1 )<-> J(2)). Moreover, we show that the topological edge state mainly localizes around edges and leaks into the bulk with oscillatory decay. These give full play to spin and valley degrees of freedom and provide various avenues for information encoding and manipulation based on valley related magnonic flux.

2D MgI2 has a large phonon band gap and strong coupling of optical and acoustic phonons, and it is difficult to accurately predict thermal conductivity by considering only three-phonon scattering. Thus, in this study, the effect of four-phonon scattering on the thermal conductivity of a 2D MgI2 lattice was investigated using first-principles calculations combined with Boltzmann transport theory. The results show that with increasing temperature, four-phonon scattering induces an increase in the scattering of phonons at the optical and acoustic phonon coupling (2 THz), as well as in the vicinity of the optical phonon branch (4.5 THz), which leads to the enhancement of the anharmonicity of phonon transport and results in a decrease in the thermal conductivity of the 2D material. At 700 K, the thermal conductivity of MgI2 decreases by over half, from 0.47 W m-1 K-1 to 0.23 W m-1 K-1, when considering both three- and four-phonon scattering, compared to considering only three-phonon scattering. This study confirms the need to consider the role of four-phonon scattering to enhance optical and acoustic phonon coupling to accurately predict the thermal conductivity of 2D materials with larger phonon band gaps.

Star-shaped conjugated materials exhibit monodisperses, well-defined structures akin to small molecules while possessing the high molecular weights typical of polymers, making them appealing for organic electronics. Herein, a series of star-shaped electron acceptors, labeled SP1-Ph, SP2-Ph, SP3-Ph, SP4-Ph, and SP6-Ph correspond to one to six number of arms, have been synthesized for use in organic solar cells (OSCs). The acceptors have been synthesized through Williamson ether synthesis, utilizing OH-substituted Y-type precursors and (multiple-substituted bromomethyl)benzene. An increase in the number of arms results in weakened crystallinity and different aggregation behavior. Therefore, different number of arms can efficiently tune phase separation sizes between the acceptors and donor polymer blended films, which dominates the charge generation process in OSCs. As a result, SP3-Ph and SP4-Ph, with modest phase separation size in binary blends, have achieved optimal efficiencies of 16.10% with high stability. However, SP6-Ph-based OSC exhibits oversized phase separation and low efficiency of 8.87%. Furthermore, the use of SP3-Ph and SP4-Ph in ternary OSCs leads to an impressive efficiency of 19.3%. These results highlight the ability of star-shaped electron acceptors with varying arm numbers to precisely control the phase separation of photoactive layers, thereby advancing the development of highly efficient and stable OSCs.