The hydrodynamics of the flow around piers affects the motion of ships navigating near these structures, while the motion of the ships, in turn, affects the distribution of the flow field near the piers. This study investigates the forces exerted on a ship in various ship–pier transverse distances using commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, Fluent 13.0, based on the RNG k-ε model, complemented by experiments with a physical model. The interaction between the ship’s motion and the flow field near the piers was considered. The results indicate that during the encounter between the ship and the pier, the boundary of the approaching ship affects the flow field near the pier, thereby affecting the generation and detachment of vortices behind the pier. The yaw moment of the ship demonstrates a marked “positive peak–negative peak–positive peak” pattern. Moreover, as the ship–pier transverse distance increases, the impact of the pier on the ship’s motion decreases, and it becomes negligible when the distance reaches 0.9 times the diameter of the pier (D), suggesting that the pier has a minimal impact on ship navigation if the ship–pier transverse distance exceeds this threshold.

东江下矶角航电枢纽是以航运为主、发电为辅的综合利用效益型枢纽,实施分期施工、分期导流.根据枢纽施工导流正态整体物理模型试验成果,分析了枢纽现状及各施工导流期通航水流条件,表明墨园浅滩段枯期水浅,天罡山凸嘴卡口水流急、流态差,船舶航行困难.针对碍航问题,提出了改善施工期通航水流条件的工程措施和施工期船舶航行操纵建议,较好地解决了枢纽施工期通航问题.

针对二维设计在处理空间复杂的结构设计及计算问题时手段局限的情况,运用BIM技术在可视化环境下对船闸浮式系船柱进行结构设计,并基于BIM模型进行有限元模拟计算分析,对船闸浮式系船柱结构开展设计研究.建立固接式和铰接式两种结构形式的船闸浮式系船柱BIM模型,分别从结构构造和力学性能分析等方面进行研究.结果表明:铰接式船闸浮式系船柱的系缆小车可以很好地解决系缆高度适应性差等问题,多层系缆小车之间通过连杆柔性连接,降低了埋件的支承反力,并在结构安全性及后期维护等各方面均有较大提升,经多个船闸工程应用实践检验,可为类似工程设计和改进提供参考.

针对船闸金属结构在设计、 施工、 运维全生命周期中的特点,结合大源渡二线船闸等湘江沿线大型船闸实例,基于BIM技术,对方案设计、 计算分析、 优化设计、 施工图设计、 可视化技术交底、 施工可视化指导、 现场安装施工模拟、成本精确计量、 运维数据资料管理、3D指导与学习管理和设施维护管理等方面进行探索与论述.结果表明:在船闸金属结构全生命周期过程中,BIM技术可以实现数据信息的共享与充分利用,对于提高设计、 施工、 运维管理信息化水平,降低成本,提高效率与质量,提升企业的竞争力,具有广泛的应用价值.

大源渡航电枢纽现存的一线船闸已不能满足航运需求,需在旁侧建立二线船闸.一线船闸的启闭机液压系统存在压力损失大、 动态响应慢、 效率低、 自动化程度有限等问题,对二线船闸启闭机液压系统进行改进设计和研究,达到效率高、 动态响应高、 节能、 安全和全自动控制.在深入研究和试验的基础上,二线船闸的液压控制系统采用泵控式,且优化人字门的同步控制策略,满足运动工况的性能要求.通过模拟试验验证,证明了设计的合理性和创新性.

针对大源渡二线船闸下闸首人字门背拉杆施加预应力与振动问题,进行三维有限元静、 动力计算,给出优化模型的多组解,得到背拉杆最优预应力值,同时得到闸门自振频率.分析结果表明,各结构应力均小于材料允许值,门体的斜接柱下角点横向、 竖向变形及门轴柱中点横向变形满足要求,为解决船闸人字门背拉杆预应力施工及运行过程中经常产生的人字门振动问题提供了技术支持.

高水头船闸常采用第二类输水系统以满足船闸闸室内水流条件的要求,但往往工程量大、 施工复杂.根据船闸闸址处地形、 地质条件,抬高闸底奠基高程以达到降低工程量并简化施工的目的,并在采取一定消能手段后,采用闸墙长廊道侧支孔输水形式.通过物理模型,对旁海航电枢纽输水系统进行布置及优化,证实采取加大闸室初始淹没水深、 闸室两侧出水口加设连续消力坎、 优化进出水口布置及进水口布置帷墙等措施可达到预期效果.

为防止船闸底板开裂,长沙综合枢纽采用“墩底分浇、预留宽缝、后期合缝”的工序对其坞式船闸结构进行施工.这样设计时应考虑分缝位置、施工顺序、合缝时间等因素,但在常规设计方法中难以考虑和进行计算.近年来迅速发展的工程结构数值仿真技术可以弥补常规计算方法的不足.根据枢纽船闸下闸首的相关设计资料建立三维数学模型,通过计算分析合缝时机设计方案下的闸首结构内力及其地基反力,提出了回填至25 m高程后,再合缝的优化方案,并验证了其可行性.其研究成果可为设计、施工部门的相关决策提供科学依据.

This paper analyzes the thermodynamic parameters of the upper lock soleplate's concrete.The three-dimensional finite element heat-transfer model,combined with genetic algorithm,is used to determine the heating rate formula of lock soleplate.Based on the formula,this paper numerically analyzes the three-dimensional transient temperature field of lock soleplate and compares the analyzed results with the prototype observed ones.The analyzed and compared results show that the maximum discrepancy in the time history between calculated values and prototype observed ones is 1.1% and that the results of inverse analysis could meet the project accuracy requirements.Also,it verifies that inverse analysis on the thermodynamic parameters of temperature rise law of concrete adiabatic combined with three-dimensional finite element and prototype observation is feasible.The process of inverse analysis displays that the rapidity of genetic algorithm makes up for the computation increased by three-dimensional model.

以某坐落在岩基上的闸首底板为例,考虑水化热温升、外界气温、弹性模量、外部约束条件、施工工艺等因素的影响,采用有限元仿真分析方法,计算其温度场及应力场.结果表明坐落在岩基上的闸首底板将产生较大的温度应力.提出了设置横向结构缝与减薄底板厚度两种温控措施,计算结果表明两种措施都是有效的.

跃洲枢纽河段属于山区弯曲河道,河流蜿蜒曲折,沿程河槽狭窄,河势较为复杂,通航条件较差。基于有限元方法,建立了平面二维水流数学模型,对跃洲枢纽通航水流条件进行了数值研究,分析了5级特征水位下船闸引航道口门区流速与流态,为引航道布置提供了依据。研究结果表明,弧形导航墙方案可减少直线段长度,改善枢纽通航水流条件。

By experimental study on some different forms of navigation walls of shiplock at the serpentine channel,it is shown that adopting arc navigation wall at the entrance area of ship lock approach channel can reduce the transverse and longitudinal velocity of flow at the entrance area of shiplock approach channel and improve the flow pattern.The effect of the inclination angle and curvature of the navigation wall on the flow pattern at the downstream entrance area is also analyzed.

Considering soil-pile interaction,this paper comparatively analyses pile displacements,bending moments and shear distribution coefficients of three different high-piled wharf structures by numerical analysis to study deformation mechanism of a single horizontal bent under horizontal forces,that is in all-vertical-piled with bottom beams.The results show that the all-vertical-piled wharf with bottom beams can better resist horizontal loads,that can be used to provide design reference for similar projects.

教学模式的改革是教育教学改革的热点,针对目前高等工科院校存在"培养模式单一"、"对学生缺乏创新意识和创新能力培养"等问题,提出了研究型课程教学模式建立的思路及实施方法,以期对改革大学工科课程的教学方法有一定的参考和借鉴作用.