Although layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have been substantially applied as catalysts for the elimination of dye pollutants, the mechanism of the process still needs to be fully understood. Herein, NiCo-LDH[X] catalysts with different Ni: Co ratios (X = 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3) were prepared via the coprecipitation method, and we explored their effectiveness in the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to achieve efficient degradation of methylene blue (MB). The effect of several parameters on the catalytic performance of NiCo-LDH[X] was systematically evaluated. Following thorough experimental investigations, the activation mechanism and MB degradation pathways were proposed. Among the different NiCo-LDH[X] catalysts, NiCo-LDH[1:2] showed methylene blue degradation performance. Experimental results showed that this catalyst achieved MB degradation efficiency of 97.2

Soil salinization poses a significant global challenge to agriculture and the environment, leading to decreased soil fertility and hindered crop growth. Therefore, the development of effective and environmentally friendly soil improvement strategies is crucial for sustainable agriculture. In this study, a range of eco-friendly, versatile, and highly absorbent hydrogels for soil enhancement were created using itaconic acid (IA) as a hydrophilic monomer. Furthermore, their effectiveness and application in agriculture were thoroughly evaluated. The nano-iron-loaded IA-based hydrogels (nano-iron (III) oxide (nano-Fe2O3)/Poly itaconic acid (PIA)-Acrylamide (AM)/Sodium alginate (SA)) hydrogels demonstrated exceptional water absorption and retention capabilities. They exhibited remarkable soil conditioning properties by leveraging carboxyl groups for electrostatic adsorption of saline ions and the porous structure created by the crosslinked network. These features not only significantly facilitated gradual regulation of pH levels and salinity but also effectively enhanced organic matter in saline-alkali soil. Meanwhile, nano-Fe2O3 simultaneously served to stabilize the hydrogel structure and enhance crop nutrient absorption. Wheat cultivation trials demonstrated that the hydrogels notably enhanced the growth of 7-day-old wheat seedlings. The degradation rates of the hydrogels can be adjusted by varying the IA amount, allowing for the continuous release of small organic molecules to enhance soil quality, aligning with various crop growth cycles. Overall, these hydrogels function as environmentally friendly and versatile soil conditioners, offering significant potential for enhancing agricultural soil quality and expanding into related fields.

Nowadays, the treatment of polluted water resources, a critical threat to ecological balance and human health, remains a global research priority. In this study, we employed the coprecipitation method to prepare itaconic acid-modified calcium-aluminum layered double hydroxides (IA-Ca-Al-LDHs), focusing on the adsorption performance of IA-Ca-Al-LDHs toward Congo red and Crystal violet. We systematically investigated the influence of LDHs dosage, pH, initial concentration of dye, adsorption time, and temperature on removal efficiency and adsorption capacity, combining characterizations via TEM, EDS, FTIR, and XRD. Under the optimal experimental conditions, compared to unmodified Ca-Al-LDHs, IA-Ca-Al-LDHs exhibited 20.57

A solid phase extraction-electrospray ionization-ion mobility spectrometry (SPE-ESI-IMS) method was developed to determine six organic acids in cucumber leaves. The multiplexing IMS using correlation technique was adopted to optimize the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and resolution. 90% methanol/water was selected to be the solvent, the flow rate was 120 & mu;L & BULL;h(-1), the stop frequency of ion gate was 5000 Hz, the ion gate opening period was 0.1 ms, the air flow velocity was 2.0 L & BULL;min(-1), the electrospray voltage was 3.5 kV, and the drift tube temperature was 90 & DEG;C. The cucumber leaves were treated with ultrasound in 50% methanol/water. The analytes were subsequently eluted from an SPE cartridge with 0.1 mol & BULL;L-1 HCl, and the extract was neutralized to pH 2-3 with ammonia before freeze-drying. SPE-ESI-IMS enabled the effective determination of citric acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, pyruvic acid, and succinic acid based upon the drift time. The limits of detection were from 0.008 & mu;g & BULL;mL(-1) to 0.2 & mu;g & BULL;mL(-1), and the recoveries of spiked samples were from 87.00% to 107.20%. The convenient, sensitive, and efficient developed SPE-ESI-IMS method may be applicable for the determination of organic acids in leaves.

The biomass platform compound itaconic acid (IA) has attracted increased attention in agriculture, because IA can promote plant growth and crop yield. Yet, the application of IA-modified biochar in slow-released fertilizer is not well understood. In this study, a novel nutrition slow-released fertilizer derived from KH2PO4-IA-modified cotton stalk biochar (PIACSB) was designed. The structure and morphology of PIACSB were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The performances, for instance, water absorption, water retention, and behavior of slow-release, were considered in water. The effects of PIACSB on cucumber seedlings’ growth were systematically investigated in pot experiments. Poly(urea-co-itaconic acid) was formed using biochar as a coating. The lamellar porous structures from biochar in PIACSB were retained with favorable water absorption rate (1.91 g g−1), water retention rate (28.73% for 30 days), and long-acting slow-released performances (23.64% N released rate in water for 24 days). Notably, PIACSB significantly promoted the growth of stem and leaf and the accumulation of N and P in cucumber seedlings. Clearly, PIACSB exhibited fine properties of water absorption, water retention, and behavior of slow-release, and held considerable potential for facilitating the growth of cucumber seedlings. It is expected to be aggressively applied in sustainable modern agriculture.

本试验以大豆秸秆为原料,经衣康酸热改性为新型吸附剂IA-CMPSS,研究其对水溶液中常见染色剂的去除效果.考察染色剂种类、IA-CMPSS用量、不同温度、不同初始pH对染色剂去除效果的影响,并迸一步研究吸附动力学和吸附等温方程.结果表明:IA-CMPSS对臧红T(ST)和结晶紫(CV)两种阳离子染色剂的去除效果较好.随着IA-CMPSS用量的增加,去除率增加,达到98％以上.当吸附剂用量2.5 g、温度30℃、pH为4.0时IA-CMPSS对ST和CV染色剂的去除率达到最大,分别为99.1％和98.6％.通过研究吸附动力学表明,IA-CMPSS对ST和CV染色剂的吸附过程拟合均很好的符合准二级反应动力学方程.等温吸附研究中,二者Freundlich模型的1/n均小于0.500,表明吸附过程易迸行.

Itaconic acid (IA) is an economically important platform chemical, which finds wide applications in chemical industry and agriculture. This study attempted to ascertain the influence of IA on crop seedlings. Four crops including maize, cucumber, sorghum and wheat were grown in hydroponics containing Hoagland's nutrient solution and one of serially diluted IA. The biomass, the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the content of chlorophyll and malondialdehyde (MDA) in seedlings were investigated. Results showed that low concentration of IA (<= 200 mg L-1) benefited crop growth and alleviated oxidative stress, as it not only improved biomass, leaf area, chlorophyll content, the activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD), but also reduced the formation of MDA and the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). IA exerted different physiological and antioxidant influences on crops. The physiological impacts of IA on crops in descending order are cucumber > wheat > maize > sorghum. Overall, IA stimulated crop growth through affecting biochemical components such as antioxidant enzymes and chlorophyll. This study provides the basis for future use of IA as a fertilizer.

A fast and convenient high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-ion mobility spectrometry method was developed to determine nine representative metabolites in the seedlings of cucumber and wheat. The analytical conditions were obtained by optimizing the parameters of high-performance liquid chromatography and ion mobility spectrometry. Briefly, acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid solution was selected as the mobile phase for gradient elution at a flow velocity of 0.4 mL·min-1 . Under negative electrospray ionization mode, spray voltage of ion mobility spectrometry was 4.5 kV, and drift tube temperature was set at 90 °C. The metabolites from seedling leaves were extracted using 80% acetonitrile as the solvent at 4 °C for 12 h. Results showed that under soilless culture conditions, the contents of maltose, citric acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid in the seedlings of cucumber and wheat were reduced by low concentration of itaconic acid, succinic acid and citric acid. Importantly, this analytical approach demonstrated high sensitivity, good linear response, and high selectivity. The lowest limit of detection was 0.004 μg for p-hydroxybenzoic acid. Overall, this high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-ion mobility spectrometry method is sensitive and efficient for rapid separation and identification of plant metabolites. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

An online two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization (silica capillary tube with polyamide coating)-ion mobility spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-IMS) method was developed and applied to identify nine phenolic acids in seedling roots. The separation was performed by gradient elution consisting of methanol and 0.1% acetic acid (v/v) on a narrow diameter reverse C18 column with ammonia as the sheath fluid. Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) was employed to assist in the determination of the co-eluted compounds that were not separated by HPLC to achieve a highly selective and versatile two-dimensional analysis. Upon optimization of the mobile phase, sheath fluid and column flow rates, the resulting IMS spray voltage was 4.5 kV, and the drift tube temperature was 95 degrees C. Consequently, the HPLC-ESI-IMS technique enabled effective separation of coumaric acid, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, benzoic acid and salicylic acid according to their acquired mobility drift time differences. The limit of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.05 to 5 ng and the recovery of the spiked samples ranged from 85.10% to 100.51%. Collectively, this sensitive and efficient two-dimensional HPLC-ESI-IMS method developed in this study may be applicable for the isolation and identification of the phenolic acids secreted by the plant roots.

A novel on-line screening method for natural antioxidants was developed with a post-column cerium(iv) reduction reaction after high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation.

The presented study described the application of multi emitter electrospray array ionization source to ion mobility spectrometry for improving the analytic performance of atmospheric pressure ion mobility spectrometry. Twelve emitters were aligned in a circle by a 0.5 cm interval to improve the electrospray voltage homogeneity and decrease the shielding effect. Sildenafil and Sudan II were used as the examples for the optimization of signal intensity and signal to noise ratio using various composition of methanol and water, and the electrospray flow rates were in the range of 2-30 mu L/min, the electrospray voltage were in the range of 2.5-7.0 kV. Experimental results showed that under the optimized conditions, multi emitter electrospray array ionization could improve the signal intensities effectively, decrease the noise level, and thus improve the signal to noise level up to 4.33 times. Furthermore, multi emitter electrospray array improved the tolerance both to water and to improve 3.8 times on average compared to the single emitter electrospray ionization under the same conditions.

Phytohormones play important roles in regulating numerous plant physiological and developmental processes, even during the postharvest storage period. In order to determine the functions and changes of gibberellins acid (GA3), indoleacetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), indolebutyric acid (IBA) and jasmonic acid (JA) in grape berries during storage, an ultrasensitive method based on direct injection online solid-phase extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed. Grape berries were extracted with cold methanol. After centrifugation, the supernatants were concentrated with a vacuum centrifugal concentrator and injected into an online solid-phase extraction column. After the cleanup procedure, the analytes were determined by LC-MS/MS. The results showed that the linearity of the proposed method was 10-210 µg kg(-1) for ABA, 20-200 µg kg(-1) for IBA, 15-320 µg kg(-1) for IAA, 20-320 µg kg(-1) for GA3 and 3.0-90.0 µg kg(-1) for JA. The limits of detection of the method were 0.71, 2.79, 0.94, 0.39 and 0.57 µg kg(-1), respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of endogenous phytohormones in grape berries during the postharvest storage period.