Agricultural machinery remanufacturing is one of the key measures to promote the realization of dual carbon target,which is related to the service safety and reliability of agricultural machinery remanufacturing products.This paper introduced the significance and characteristics of agricultural machinery remanufacturing,elaborated the current situation of agricultural machinery remanufactur-ing,summarized and discussed the policies and regulations of agricultural machinery remanufacturing,related standards,recycling process and other links.According to the bibliometrics,this paper analyzed the current research status of agricultural machine remanu-facturing and pointed out the development trend of agricultural machine remanufacturing,which could provide theoretical references for the promotion and implementation of agricultural machine remanufacturing.
Low humification and high heavy metal bioavailability are the main threats during soil utilization of pig manure organic fertil-izer.Therefore,this study was carried out to investigate the pathways of humification and heavy metal bioavailability reduction of pig manure compost by adding biochar,using pig manure compost mixed with different doses of biochar.The results showed that the opti-mal biochar addition ratios for Cu and Zn passivation in pig manure compost were 15% and 10%,respectively,and 15% biochar was recommended as the optimal amount of additive to promote humification of pig manure compost.Complexation of humic acid with Cu and Zn would promote the conversion of exchangeable and reducible Cu to oxidizable Cu,and the conversion of exchangeable Zn to re-ducible Zn and oxidizable Zn.In addition,20% biochar inhibited the inactivation of Cu and Zn by decreasing polysaccharide degrada-tion and conversion of aliphatic compounds.The results of this study will provide a basis for how the addition of biochar can reduce the risk of soil application of pig manure compost products.
Taking the farmland shelterbelt of Populus alba L.var pyramidalis in Alar city as the research object,through forestry investigation and field wind speed measurement,the structure of Populus alba L.var pyramidalis shelter belt was divided into three types:ventilation type,permeability type and sparsity type according to the porosity,and the windproof effect of each forest belt was compared and analyzed by membership function method.The results showed that:1)In the horizontal direction,the windbreak efficiency decreased with the increase of windbreak distance.The wind-proof efficacy of the three structure types of shelter belts was sparsity type>permeability type>ventilation type.2)The windbreak efficacy was positively correlated with tree height,breast height diameter,number of tree rows and crown width,and negatively correlated with density and porosity.3)The comprehensive membership function values of 8 forest belts ranged from 0.097 to 0.770,which were in the order of shelterbelt Ⅲ>shelterbelt Ⅴ>shelterbelt Ⅳ>shelterbelt Ⅶ>shelterbelt Ⅷ>shelterbelt Ⅱ>shelterbelt Ⅵ>shelterbelt Ⅰ.The number Ⅲ and Ⅴ shelterbelts are sparse type,the membership function value is above 0.50,and the comprehensive protection benefit was better.
In order to explore the effects of feeding frequency,the particle size of the feed,and light intensity on the growth performance of juvenile T.yarkandensis,a total of 780 healthy T.yarkandensis juveniles with an initial body weight of(0.61±0.15)g and body length of(35.06±3.03)mm were selected to carry out a breeding experiment for 30 days.According to different feeding frequency,the particle size of the feed,and light intensity,five groups of feeding frequency,four groups of feed particle size and four groups of light intensity test were set up.Fifteen experimental fish were randomly placed in each group,and three parallel groups were set up in each group to observe the growth of juvenile T.yarkandensis.The results showed that the specific growth rate,weight gain rate,growth index and feed utilization rate of juvenile T.yarkandensis increased first and then decreased with the increase of feeding frequency,and reached the peak at the feeding frequency of 5 times/d,and there was no significant change in condition factor(P>0.05)in the feeding frequency experiment.In the feed particle size test,the specific growth rate,weight gain rate,growth index and feed utilization ratio were the highest when the feed particle size was 0.45 mm,and there was no significant change in condition factor(P>0.05).In the light intensity experiment,the specific growth rate,weight gain rate and feed utilization rate were the highest when the light intensity was 500 lx,the growth index decreased with the decrease of light intensity,and the growth rate and condition factor decreased significantly when the light intensity was 100 lx(P<0.05).The regression equation of the fitting curve of the growth relationship between body length and body weight of juvenile T.yarkandensis is W= 8.691 4×10-6L3.135 2,R2 = 0.945 5,and the parameter b=3.135 2,which belongs to uniform growth.The results showed that the growth traits and feed utilization rate of juvenile T.yarkandensis could reach the greatest value with 5 times/d of feeding frequency,0.45 mm of feed particle size and 500 lx of light intensity.
In this test,useing black rice,walnuts,almonds,and milk as raw materials,a sterilized fermented milk beverage with the nutritional value of black rice nuts was developed after lactic acid bacteria fermentation and pasteurization.Univariate and orthogonal tests were carried out to determine the fermentation conditions with sensory evaluation as the index.The optimal process formula was optimized by response surface method,and the changes in sensory and the total number of colonies of the beverage at different storage temperatures were detected to predict its shelf life.The results showed that the optimal fermentation conditions were fermentation temperature 42℃,fermentation time 9 h,lactic acid bacteria inoculation 0.1%,stock solution addition 30%.The best process formula was fermentation broth 47.80%,water 52.20%,sucrose 5.20%,compound stabilizer 0.60%.After pasteurization,the shelf life of the drink at 4℃ was 62 days.According to this method,a black rice nut compound fermented milk beverage with light black rice nut aroma and fermented milk flavor,moderate sweetness and sourness,and delicate taste can be developed.
With walnut as raw material,the effects of oil pressing temperature on the color,aroma,flavor,and basic nutrients of walnut cake were studied.The color,aroma and flavor substances of walnut cake were determined by colorimeter,GC-MS and HPLC.The results showed that the surface of walnut cake changed from yellow to brown with the temperature rising from 40℃ to 160℃.The content of 15 main aroma components increased.The fresh amino acid content of the cake showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing,while the sweet and salty amino acid content showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,while the bitter amino acid content slightly decreased.A small amount of bitter 5-hydroxymethylfurfural was detected in hot pressed walnut cake at 70℃ and 160℃.For every 100 g of walnut cake,water content decreased from 7.190 to 6.810 g,ash content increased from 4.170 to 4.310 g,crude fat decreased from 6.45 to 5.38 g,and crude protein increased from 46.174 to 70.205 g.The walnut cake has a high protein content and rich amino acids,so it is a good raw material for developing high protein food,preparing functional food,microbial fermentation and participating in Maillard reaction.
棉花是关系国计民生的大宗农产品和纺织工业原料作物,进入21世纪以来,我国棉花生产面临越来越严峻的挑战.在此关键节点,回顾总结我国现代棉花栽培理论和技术研究成果,对棉花栽培的成果转化和未来发展具有重要意义.近20年来,我国棉花科技工作者对棉花产量、品质和抗逆性的形成与调控进行了系统研究,促进了棉花栽培理论和技术的创新发展.本文主要评述了棉花轻简抗逆栽培方面的研究进展.内容包括,棉花集中成熟栽培理论和技术;盐碱地播种保苗、抗盐防涝栽培和水肥协同运筹技术;果-棉间作复合种植理论与技术;机采棉化控塑型与脱叶机理与技术;在智慧植棉方面也取得了重要进展.展望未来,棉花栽培通过与分子生物学技术、数字技术和农机装备等紧密结合,在深化和拓展栽培理论的基础上,不断提高栽培管理效果和拓展棉花产业链,促进棉花栽培理论和技术创新发展,为棉花产业高质量发展做出更多更大的贡献.
根据国内外治理盐碱的现状和发展趋势,本实验以蛭石为原料,探索治理盐碱地的方法.研究结果表明,当盐碱含量为1%,蛭石颗粒为 0.250～0.425 mm(孔隙率为 55%)、添加量为 30%效果最佳,可使盐碱电导率下降 9.55%;当复配改良剂(蛭石+黄腐酸钾+棉秸秆灰)的添加量为 8%～18%时,番茄可以出苗.通过利用蛭石多孔、保湿与缓释等功能构建盐碱土复合改良剂,对于治理盐碱地具有重要的经济和社会意义.
采用高光谱成像技术采集轻微损伤库尔勒香梨反射、透射高光谱图像,并提取感兴趣区域平均光谱.对光谱进行预处理后,采用多种方法选择特征波长,并建立光谱None-SIMCA识别模型.结果表明,CARS-SPA法使反射、透射光谱特征波长个数分别降为9 个和2 个,模型总体识别率分别达到100.00%和76.47%.为了进一步提高模型性能,分别采用透射和反射光谱的数据层融合、特征层融合进行信息融合建模.结果表明,2 种方法所建SPA-None-SIMCA模型总体识别率均达 100.00%,但透射和反射光谱的数据层融合方法所选特征波长个数仅 3 个,提高了模型运行速度.该方法为库尔勒香梨快速在线检测提供了理论支持.
利用无人机多光谱影像结合电磁感应技术准确估测新疆棉田土壤盐分,对棉田土壤盐渍化的防治及棉花产量的提高具有重要的意义.以新疆南疆阿拉尔垦区棉田为研究对象,将无人机多光谱波段反射率数据计算的植被指数、EM38-MK2 大地电导率仪获得的土壤表观电导率数据与土壤盐分实测数据相结合,利用支持向量机(SVM)、随机森林(RF)、BP 神经网络(BPNN)3 种建模方法构建不同土壤盐分估测模型.结果表明,植被指数与土壤表观电导率数据融合模型对土壤盐分估测效果最好,单一土壤表观电导率数据模型或光谱指数模型估测效果较差.在棉花的花铃期,基于光谱指数与土壤表观电导率数据融合的RF模型是棉田土壤盐分估测的最佳模型,建模集R2、RMSE、RPD分别为 0.91、0.34、2.73,验证集R2、RMSE、RPD分别为 0.88、0.24、3.09;模型能够实现对棉花花铃期土壤盐分的高精度预测.
本试验为明确缓释肥在追肥期对核桃叶片光合特性、叶片矿质养分及果实品质的影响.以'新温 185'核桃为研究对象,常规施肥管理为对照(1 720 g/株),设 4 个缓释肥料梯度(F1:400 g/株;F2:600 g/株;F3:800 g/株;F4:1 000 g/株),对核桃叶片光合特性、矿质养分及果实品质进行分析.结果表明,相比CK,追肥期缓释肥施用核桃叶片净光合速率影响差异不显著.缓释肥施用可以保证核桃叶片养分供应,F4 处理硬壳期叶片氮含量显著高于CK,是CK的 1.18 倍.F3 处理硬壳期和成熟期叶片镁含量相比CK显著提高 27.51%和 18.32%.缓释肥施用在一定程度上可稳定树体产量、改善核桃品质.F4 处理施肥量较CK减少 41.86%,但单株产量和可溶性糖分别较CK显著提升 4.81%和 18.18%.本试验条件下,缓释肥施用量减少,但在核桃追肥期同样可以满足核桃生长及果实品质的形成,单株核桃缓释肥追肥量以 600 g为宜.
胡杨在保障绿洲农业生产等方面发挥着无可替代的积极作用,对胡杨的材积进行预测可以为塔里木河流域胡杨的经营规划提供参考.本研究抽样测量阿拉尔市部分胡杨的材积、胸径、树高和树龄等指标,随机产生 63 个样本作为训练集、21 个样本作为测试集,以胸径、树高和树龄作为输入自变量,分别基于多元线性回归、Box-Cox变换、BP神经网络算法和遗传优化BP神经网络算法进行建模,对输出因变量材积进行预测.4 种方法预测的均方误差分别为 1.563 7E-04、1.132 3E-05、1.614 9E-04、4.903 5E-06,拟合优度分别为 0.938 3、0.996 2、0.945 9、0.998 4.结果表明采用遗传优化BP神经网络算法的模型预测精度最高,且具有很强的稳定性,可为胡杨材积的预测提供参考,对其他林木材积的预测也具有一定的借鉴意义.
为研究塔里木马鹿茸间充质干细胞(MSCs)的生物学特征,本试验对来源于小鼠骨髓和塔里木马鹿茸的 2 种MSCs进行了体外培养,检测比较了其生长曲线;同时利用光学显微镜和透射电镜对细胞形态特征、结构、细胞器组成和数量进行观察对比.研究发现鹿茸MSCs体外培养呈"S"形生长趋势,增殖速度极显著高于小鼠BMSCs(P<0.01).鹿茸MSCs形态呈梭形,排列规律,形态均一;小鼠 BMSCs 形态不规则,呈三角形,多边形;鹿茸 MSCs 胞体、胞核面积分别为 963.053 μm2 和134.093 μm2,极显著高于小鼠BMSCs的 551.026 μm2 和 79.938 μm2(P<0.01);鹿茸MSCs的核质比为 0.167,显著低于小鼠BMSCs的 0.206(P<0.05);超微结果显示鹿茸MSCs胞体面积较大,细胞器种类简单,线粒体、内质网等细胞器形态具备早期幼稚细胞发育特征.塔里木马鹿茸MSCs增殖能力高于小鼠BMSCs,在开发利用方面具备更广泛的优势.
本研究以阿拉尔垦区栽培模式下的枣园为研究对象,通过测定不同年龄等级红枣样树的叶片、枝干、根系、果实各器官以及土壤样品,分析枣园地上、地下化学计量特征,揭示南疆枣园碳、氮、磷分配格局.结果表明,受年龄等级影响,P含量在各器官中差异不显著,而根系C、N含量和枝干N含量在年龄等级间呈显著性差异,其中V年龄等级根系C含量和枝干N含量最低,II年龄等级根系N含量最高.年龄等级对红枣植株各器官N∶P影响均不显著,对根系的C∶N、C∶P影响显著.从各年龄等级红枣植株叶片和根系N∶P可知,叶片和根系生长分别受P、N限制.除II年龄等级土壤C含量为强变异性外,其余年龄等级土壤C、N、P含量均为中等以下变异性.枣园土壤C∶P和N∶P呈较低水平,表明土壤可利用的N元素有限.因此,在生产经营过程中应适度增施N、P肥,有利于改善枣园生长环境条件.
为研究气候"暖湿化"背景下阿拉尔垦区棉花产量变化的关键气候驱动,根据阿拉尔垦区 2011-2019 年逐年棉花产量、生育期和逐日地面气象数据,运用统计学方法分析阿拉尔垦区棉花产量变化的关键气候驱动.结果表明,2011-2019 年阿拉尔垦区棉花气候产量总体呈减少趋势,减幅为 3×10-10 kg·hm-2·a-1,以 2014 年受气候影响最大,2018 年受气候影响最小.2011-2019 年阿拉尔垦区棉花全生育期最高气温呈显著降低趋势,平均气温、最低气温、积温和降水量呈不显著升高(增加)趋势,气温日较差、日照时数和相对湿度呈不显著减小(少)趋势.2011-2019 年阿拉尔垦区棉花产量的降低主要以播种-出苗期相对湿度的减小、开花-吐絮期降水量的增加、6 月最低气温的升高、7 月相对湿度的减小和 9 月最高气温的降低影响为主,以 6 月平均气温和积温的增加、9 月日照时数的减少影响为辅.
细胞焦亡(Pyroptosis)是由炎性小体通过Gasdermin D(GSDMD)的切割以及IL-1β和IL-18 等无活性细胞因子的激活而引发的炎症性细胞死亡形式.按激活的机制,可分为半胱天冬酶-1(Caspase-1)依赖性经典途径和Caspase-4/5/11 依赖性非经典途径.研究发现,细胞焦亡广泛参与人和动物的多器官系统疾病的发生与发展.因此,主要对细胞焦亡的分子机制、细胞焦亡与其他程序性细胞死亡的鉴别以及细胞焦亡与动物和人类多器官系统疾病的关系进行了综述,为动物和人类疾病的预防、诊断及临床药物的靶向治疗提供更多理论指导和现实的可行性.
为了缓解传统铜制剂对梨树和环境造成的药害问题,本研究以天冬氨酸(Asp)与 4 种无机铜盐进行配位反应,制备出新型铜基杀菌剂.通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)和扫描电镜(SEM)对其进行结构表征,采用抑菌圈法和最小抑制浓度法测定其对梨火疫病菌(Erwinia amylovora)的抗菌活性.结果表明,不同铜源离子与天冬氨酸配位后均具有抑菌效果,其中以Cu(NO3)2 为铜源的配合物对E.amylovora抑菌率(72.02%)最佳,其次以Cu(CH3 COO)2、CuSO4、CuCl2 为铜源的配合物的抑菌效果呈递减趋势.以Cu(NO3)2 为铜源的配合物将其用水稀释至铜含量为 500.00 mg/L时,可完全抑制培养液中E.amylovora的生长,并能避免E.amylovora的梨叶伤口侵染,将其稀释至 2 000.00 mg/L时,对大白菜未出现药害现象,且具有一定地促进生长作用.以Cu(NO3)2 为铜源的的天冬氨酸铜配合物具有理想的抗菌活性和植物安全性,对防治梨火疫病具有较好的应用前景.
植被覆盖度(FVC)是监测陆地生态系统的关键变量,气候变化和人类活动是陆地生态系统演变的重要因素.本研究通过分析阿勒泰地区FVC时空变化特征,探究FVC对气候变化和人类活动的响应机制,为该地区制定有效的生态保护及可持续发展措施提供科学依据.利用MODIS NDVI(2000-2020 年)数据集,结合气候因子和社会经济指标数据,基于最大值合成、斜率分析、相关性分析及因子分析等方法,探究FVC变化及其对气候和人为因素的响应机制.结果表明,2020 年阿勒泰地区FVC在空间上呈北高南低特征,平均FVC为 0.338;2000-2020 年间阿勒泰地区FVC呈波动上升趋势,FVC平均增速为1.55×10-3/a,研究区FVC 减小和显著减少、基本不变、增加和显著增加区域分别占研究区总面积的 0.94%、88.03%和11.03%,研究区 2000-2020 年间气候变化趋势不显著;不同县域的FVC变化对人类活动、气候因子的响应规律和强度不同.综上所述,气候因子和人类活动是影响和解释植被变化的重要因素,基于不同区域背景,气候因子和社会经济对植被覆盖影响的空间异质性很强.研究结果为干旱、半干旱的寒旱地区生态系统保护和管理提供参考数据.
2021年1月阿克苏地区某规模化猪场腹泻病爆发,采用猪腹泻胶体金试剂盒检测发病仔猪腹泻物,结果显示猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)阳性率为100％.为探究其原因,于2021年1-12月采集该猪场6 567份猪肛拭子,通过实时荧光定量法检测不同月份PEDV的感染情况,为防控猪流行性腹泻(PED),选用TGE-PED二联弱毒苗和灭活苗对妊娠85d和105 d母猪进行联合免疫,应用间接ELISA法监测妊娠母猪的IgG、IgA抗体水平,并对该场PEDV疫苗免疫效果进行评价.结果显示PEDV的检出率在1月、2月、11月、12月较高,其余月份较低;妊娠母猪PEDV的抗体IgG和IgA抗体阳性率在产前15d和分娩当天均达到了100％,离散度小于40％,免疫效果较好;产前1d各批次PEDV的IgG抗体阳性率仍达到100％,但IgA抗体阳性率有不同程度下降,且离散度有不同程度升高,推测母猪可能存在排毒情况.本研究为该猪场PED防控提供了理论依据.
本试验通过采用实地调查结合室内分析的方法对新疆南疆不同年龄等级枣园果实干重与土壤理化性质之间的关系进行了研究,结果表明:1)随着枣树年龄等级增长,单株红枣果实干重逐渐增加,受年龄等级影响,果实干重差异性显著.2)不同年龄等级枣园土壤理化性质空间异质性表现不同,容重空间变异系数在2.81％～6.70％之间,属于弱变异,而全N含量属于强变异.土壤全盐量、含水量主要分布在0～40 cm、80～100 cm土层处.各年龄等级土壤全C、全N主要分布在表层.随着年龄等级增长,表层土壤容重呈逐渐增大趋势,土壤全P含量呈现出向表层聚集的现象.3)各年龄等级单株果实干重与容重呈极显著正相关,与全C呈显著正相关.综上所述,在生产经营过程中应增施有机肥、深施氮肥,低年龄等级枣园应适当增施磷肥.
