目的:了解我院老年糖尿病患者尿路感染的病原菌分布及耐药情况,指导临床合理用药。方法:选择我院2010~2012年收治的477例老年糖尿病合并尿路感染患者为研究对象,对其中段尿进行细菌培养及药敏分析。结果:本院老年糖尿病患者尿路感染的细菌以革兰氏阴性菌为主,占67.5%,常见致病菌为大肠埃希菌、肠球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和表皮葡萄球菌,并发现有2种细菌混合感染及真菌并存感染。革兰阴性菌对亚胺培南、阿米卡星和头孢哌酮/舒巴坦的耐药率较低,而对其他抗菌药物的耐药率较高;革兰阳性菌对万古霉素、阿米卡星和呋喃妥因的耐药率较低,表皮葡萄球菌对万古霉素敏感。结论:本院老年糖尿病患者尿路感染的主要病原菌是大肠埃希菌,其对亚胺培南、阿米卡星和头孢哌酮/舒巴坦的耐药率较低,临床可参考应用。

目的 研究MICA基因多态性、sMICA分子与乙肝后肝硬化(liver cirrhosis,LC)的相关性.方法 采用MICA-STR微卫星基因分型技术检测101例HBsAg阳性LC患者和141例健康对照者MICA基因第5外显子的基因多态性,并进行统计学分析.结果 在101例湖南汉族HBsAg阳性LC患者中检测到5种MICA基因第5外显子等位基因,频率分别为:MICA*A4 (10.9％),MICA*A5(37.1％),MICA*A5.1 (34.2％),MICA*A6(7.4％),MICA*A9(10.4％).15种基因型分别为MICA*A4/A4,MICA*A4/A5,MICA*A4/A5.1,MICA*A4/A6,MICA*A4/A9,MICA*A5/A5,MICA*A5/A5.1,MICA*A5/A6,MICA*A5/A9,MICA*A5.1/A5.1,MICA*A5.1/A6,MICA*A5.1/A9,MICA*A6/A6,MICA*A6/A9,MICA* A9/A9.MICA*A5.1基因与LC发病正相关(P=0.042),OR值为1.398,与患者性别无关(x2=0.08,P=0.778).结论 MICA*A5.1基因与乙肝后LC发病正相关,提示该基因可能是乙肝后出现LC的重要易感基因.

Objective To identify the levels of serum soluble major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene A(sMICA) protein in patients with malignant tumor/infectious diseases and explore its clinical significance.Methods The serum sMICA levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),including patients(n=1041) suffering from several types of malignant tumors and infectious diseases and healthy controls(n=141).The correlation and diagnostic value were analyzed.Results Compared with the controls,serum sMICA elevation was significantly increased in patients of hepatic cancer(P<0.05).The sMICA levels of patients with bacterial(Enterobacteriaceae,Mycobacterium tuberculosis,non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive cocci),viral(hepatitis B and C) and the Microspironema pallidum infections were also significantly higher than that of the controls(P<0.05).Conclusion Serum sMICA levels may be informative for the diagnosis of hepatic cancer and some infectious diseases.Serum sMICA elevation may be caused by Enterobacteriaceae,Mycobacterium tuberculosis,non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria,Gram-positive cocci,HBV,HCV and the Microspironema pallidum.

<正>大肠癌是我国发病率最多的消化道恶性肿瘤之一,发病率逐渐升高,发病年龄多集中在40～50岁,近年来青年患者数量增多[1]。大肠癌临床症状主要表现为便血、腹痛、腹泻及排便次数和性状的改变等,治疗多以手术治疗为主,治疗后患者常出现里急后重、粘液脓血便等,导致病人生活质量严重下降。西医多采

<正>英国最新一期《自然——医学》杂志报道:人体内的癌细胞生活在一个非常复杂的微环境中,这种环境与周围邻居影响着癌细胞对化疗的反应和抵抗。癌细胞周围有一种正常细胞,名为"成纤维细胞"。这种细胞普遍存在于结缔组织,分泌前胶原蛋白、纤连蛋白和胶原酶等细胞外基质成分,对不同程度的细胞变性、坏死和组织缺损以及骨创伤修复有重要作用。化疗时,成纤维细胞

<正>原发性肝癌(Primary liver carcinoma,PLC)是一种发生在肝细胞或者肝内单管上皮细胞的恶性肿瘤。PLC是我国常见的恶性肿瘤之一,发病率有上升趋势,死亡率仅次于胃癌和食管癌。PLC具有病情发展快、恶性程度高、难以治愈、生存期短等特点,已成为严重威胁人们生命健康的重大疾病。本院应用羟基喜树碱+经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗取得了较好的临床

NKG2D is activation receptors of natural cell killer(NK) and CD8+T lymphocyte surface.NKG2D ligand molecules could be induced to express when cell is in the emergency state and is infected.In the aspect of tumor immune monitoring and tumor immuno-therapy,it received a lot of research.The combination of NKG2D and its ligand molecules can activate NK cells,and co-excite the T cells,then activate the body's immune system and cellular immune mechanism,inducing immune killer role.The activated NK cells strengthen through IL-15 the reaction to T cells of antigen presenting cells(APCs) which are from donors or receptors,causing rejection from the body to graft.From the other side,after NK cells being activated by NKG2D receptor,the number of T cells is reduced,so is the immune ability of regulatory T cells.Increase of the combination of NKG2D and its molecular ligands could provide new ideas in seeking for new immune therapy.So to strengthen the research of this aspect is of important clinic value in improving the survival time of tumor patients.

Objective To study MICA gene polymorphism and the expression levels of sMICA in liver cancer. Methods PCR-STR microsatellite genotyped technique was used to detect the polymorphism of MICA in Exon 5 in 141 cases of liver cancer and 141 cases of normal controls, and the relevance index between them was calculated. Results We identified five allelic genes in MICA Exon 5 in 141 patients with liver cancer in Hunan province by using PCR-STR method. Each allele and its frequency respectively are: MICA-A4 (11.7%), MICA-A5 (34.0%), MICA-A5.1 (35.1%), MICA-A6 (8.2%), MICA-A9 (11.0%). We further found that only MICA-A5.1 showed significant difference, indicating that polymorphism of MICA Exon 5 alleles is associated with HCC incidence. Conclusion Liver cancer was significantly related with MICA-A5.1, but not related with other MICA alleles. The patients with MICA-A5.1 homozygous have the highest level of serum sMICA. The patients with MICA-A5.1 heterozygous showed a lower level of serum sMICA and the patients without MICA-A5.1 showed the lowest levels of serum sMICA. Serum levels of sMICA were significantly related to MICA-A5.1 polymorphism.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of different concentration of ghrelin on ox-LDL-mediated adhesion molecule expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(hUVECs).Methods After subculture,hUVECs were randomly divided into control group,ox-LDL group,ghreli-pretreated group of 1 ng/mL,10 ng/mL and 100ng/mL.RT-PCR were used to detect the RNA changes of vasculareen adhesionmolecule-1(VCAM-l) and inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1).Results Compared with control group,both VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expressions were obviously increased(P0.05).While compared with ox-LDL group,ghrelin-pretreated groups showed a decrease in mRNA level of VCAM-1,which were 33%,52% and 63% respectively by different concentrations of 1,10 and 100 ng/mL ghrelin.The mRNA level of ICAM-1 in ghrelin-pretreated groups were also inhibited,with a decrease of 18%,46% and 57% respectively by different concentrations of 1,10 and 100 ng/mL ghrelin.Conclusion Ghrelin could repress the expression of VCAM-1and ICAM-1 induced by ox-LDL in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

Objective To study the distribution and the diagnosis value of sMICA molecules in malignant tumor in Hunan province Han population.Methods The serum level of sMICA in 512 patients with malignant tumor and 141 cases of normal controls was detected by double-antibody sandwich assay method and the content changes in different diseases and correlation were analyzed.Results We found that the serum levels of sMICA exhibited diagnosis value only in live cancer(AUC = 0.843).We also found that patients with liver cancer had the highest level of sMICA(743.4±304.1 pg/ mL)(P =0.003) in all the patients with different types of malignant cancers.In addition,patients with gastric cancer had the second highest.The patients with female reproductive system tumors and malignant lymphoma had the lowest serum levels of sMICA(162.5±116.1 pg/mL,P>0.05;140.9±137.6 pg/mL,P >0.05).However,only the serum levels of MICA in the patients with liver cancer showed statistic significance.Conclusion We found that the the serum levels of sMICA were significantly increased in liver cancer.sMICA level can be applied to the diagnosis of liver cancer and cannot be applied to other malignancies.

Objective To investigate the anti-proliferation and anti-invasion role of astragaloside(AST) on gastric cancer MKN-74 cell line in vitro.Method MKN-74 cells were exposed to different concentrations of AST for 24?h,48?h and 72?h respectively.The proliferation was detected by 4-methyl-teerazolium(MMT).Transwell assay was applied to detect the inhibitory effect of the AST on MKN-74 cell invasion.Results(1)MTT showed that AST can inhibit the proliferation of MKN-74 cell line significantly,and the growth inhibition rate was 4.65%,7.58%,20.73%,30.38% respectively after treated with the 2.5μmoL·L-1,5μmoL·L-1,10μmoL·L-1,20μmoL·L-1 of AST,depending on dosage and time obviously.(2)The result of Transwell assay made it clear that AST could inhibit the invasion of human gastric cancer cell line MKN-74 in vitro in a dose and time dependent manner.Conclusion AST significantly inhibited the proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer MKN-74 cells in vitro.

Objective To investigate the significance of the expression of NF-κB p65 and VEGF proteins in heap to cellular carcinoma and their correlation.Method The expression of NF-κB p65 and VEGF w as detected in 30 cases of HCC,10 cases of cirrhotic and 6 cases of normal liver tissues by using SP immunohistochemical methods.Results In HCC,the VEGF,highly expressed in precancerous tissues,was correlated with tumor capsule,hepatic vein tumor thrombosis and lymphaden transfer(P<0.05),but not with age,sexuality,tumor size,the number of nodules,pathologic grade and cirrhosis background(P>0.05).The NF-κB p65,highly expressed in carcinoma,was correlated with tumor size,pathologic grade,hepatic vein tumor thrombosis and lymphaden transfer(P<0.05),but not with age,sexuality,the number of nodules,tumor capsule and cirrhosis background(P>0.05).Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the NF-κB p65 expression was positively correlated with VEGF expression in HCC(r=0.962).Conclusion The aberrant expression of NF-κB p65 and VEGF may play a role in occurrence,progression and intra hepatic metastasis of heap to cellular carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the antitumor activity of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) in Hca-F tumor-bearing mice and its mechanism.Method The established Hca-F tumor model mice were intraperitoneally injected with different concentration of LBP for 10 d.Effect of LBP on tumor,spleen and thymus of Hca-F tumor-bearing mice were detected after treatment.The phagocytic activity of macrophages was assessed by MTT assays,and the immune organic index like contents of IL-2 and VEGF were detected by ELISA method.Results LBP could obviously inhibit growth of Hca-F carcinoma at dose of 40 mg·kg-1 for 10 days (P<0.05).The indices of spleen and thymus in test group were higher than that in control.And the phagocytosis activity of spleenocyte and production of IL-2 were promoted by LBP in test groups,whereas the protein expression of VEGF was decreased in test groups.Conclusion LBP might inhibit the growth of Hca-F tumor cells through improving the immune function of immunocytes and cytokines in mice.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effects of Celecoxib,a selective COX-2 inhibitor,on the proliferation of A549 lung carcinoma cell and growth of transplanted A549 lung carcinoma in micein,as well as the possible mechanism.Method The proliferation and cell apoptosis of A549 lung carcinoma cells was measured by MTT assay and flow cytometric analysis.BALB/c mice receiving tumor implantation were randomly divided into control(0.9% NaCl) and Celebrex(30 mg/kg) group.On the 24th day,all the mice were killed.The expressions of VEGF and COX-2 in xenografted tumor tissue were analyzed by RT-PCR,MMP-9 by ELISA,and MVD by immunohistochemical staining.Results Celecoxib could inhibit the proliferation of A549 cell by a time-and dose-dependent manner.Celecoxib can increase the percentage of cell in G0/G1 and decrease that in S and G2/M.Celebrex inhibited the growth of transplanted A549 lung carcinomain vitrosignificantly.And the COX-2,VEGF mRNA expression level in transplanted carcinoma tissue,MMP-9 expresion level in serum,and MVP in tissue was significantly down-regulated after the treatment with Celebrex(P<0.05).Conclusion Celebrex could inhibit A549 lung cancer cells proliferation in vitro an in vivo.Induction of apoptosis and antiangiogenesis and inhibition of migration might be the mechanism by which celecoxib exerts its chemopreventive and therapeutic effects.

目的探讨参附注射液对中晚期非小细胞肺癌患者化疗后免疫功能的影响。方法将符合条件的76例中晚期非小细胞肺癌患者随机分为对照组和治疗组。治疗组静脉滴注参附注射液60 ml/d,两组均行4周期的化疗,检测化疗后两组免疫指标的变化情况。结果治疗结束后,治疗组患者的外周血白细胞总数与血小板数量均明显高于对照组,治疗组患者免疫球蛋白水平降低明显小于对照组,治疗组的T淋巴细胞亚群CD3+和CD4+的百分率和CD4+/CD8+比值明显高于对照组,而CD8+的百分率明显低于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论参附注射液可减轻肿瘤化疗药物对骨髓的抑制,有效改善机体的免疫功能。

Objective:To study pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin tablets in plasma of New Zealand rabbit by High efficiency liquid chromatography(HPLC) method.Methods:Eighteen rabbits were divided three groups:Control group,10 mg/kg·d group and 15 mg/kg·d group.A single dose atorvastatin tablets was given to 12 rabbits.The pharmacokinetics were measured.Results:The main pharmacokinetic of 10 mg/kg·d group and 15 mg/kg·d group test tablets were as follow:AUC0～t/μg·L-1·h were(619.58±215.45)and(1138.34±422.32),AUC0～∞ /μg·L-1·h were(655.68± 242.83) and(1216.57±353.64),Cmax/μg·L-1 were(455.81±168.52) and(896.53±168.5.8),MRT0～t /h were(3.68±0.75) and(5.73±0.56),MRT0～∞ /h were(3.83±0.91) and(5.25±0.48),Tmax /h were(2.51±0.82) and(3.68±0.33),T1/2 /h were(4.22±0.55) and(9.51±0.67).Conclusion:The method is simple and reproducible,and is suitable for content determination and pharmacokinetic of atorvastatin.

Objective:To explore the change of content of the newly discovered serum markers B7-H4 in serum of ovarian cancer patients and its clinical significance. Methods:RT-PCR detection was used to detect the changes of mRNA content in B7-H4 gene in serum of 35 patients who were diagnosed as ovarian cancer and 23 cases of ovarian benign tumor, and sandwich ELISA assay was used to detect B7-H4 changes in the serum. CA125 II kits were taken to detect changes in the level of CA125 in all patients. Single-factor method was adopted to analyze and compare the relationship of the levels of B7-H4 and CA125 and the pathological types of patients; Serum of 30 cases of healthy women was selected as control. Results:Through the RT-PCR detection, mRNA content in B7-H4 gene were found significantly higher in ovarian cancer patients than in the control group, P 0.05. Compared with the healthy group and the benign tumor group, ovarian cancer patients have the unusual increase of B7-H4 expression, P 0.05; its change extent and accuracy were higher than CA125.Conclusion:The B7-H4 molecules content changes in serum can be used as an important indicator in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer.

Objective:To explore the protective effects and mechanisms of pravastatin on impairment of vascular endothelium cells induced by lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC). Methods: The models of both isolated thoracic aortic rings of rats and cultured human endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used. The endothelial-dependent and non-dependent relaxation and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in vascular tissues, and vitality of endothelial cells and the biochemical indexes were measured. Results: LPC decreased markdly endothelial-dependent relaxation response (EDR) and increased significantly content of MDA in vascular tissue. The incubation of rings with pravastatin concentration-dependently improved significantly endothelial-dependent relaxation response (EDR) injuried by LPC, but did not affect the non-endothelial dependent. Simultaneously pravastatin obviously prevented the increase of the MDA in vascular tissue and the ROS in cultured HUVECs, and inhibited the increase of vitality of endothelial cells and reduction of both eNOS activity and NO content induced by LPC in cultured HUVECs. Conclusions: LPC could directly inhibit endothelial-dependent relaxation induced by Ach. Pravastatin may concentration-dependently improve the impairment of endothelial function damaged by LPC. The action mechanismes of pravastatin may be related to antioxidant and antiinflammatory defenses.

Objective To investigate the distribution and the trend of drug resistance of the hospital pathogenic bacteria,provide a guideline of rational use of antibiotic for the doctors and reduce the generation of drug resistant bacterial strains.Methods The distribution of 2 140 bacterial strains and antimicrobial susceptibility of these strains in the past three years(2002-2004)were analyzed retrospectively.Results Of 2 140 clinical isolates,Gram negative bacteria were highly susceptible to IMI(imipenem),FEP(cefepime)and MERO(meropenem),while the susceptibility to CIP(ciprofloxacin),PICP(penicillin)and E(erythromycin)were not changed.However,the susceptibilities to other 14 antibiotics were reduced.Gram positive bacteria were susceptible to VA(vancomycin).Conclusion Clinicians should apply antibiotics rationally in order to reduce the drug resistant bacterial strains.