Objective: Developing a nursing undergraduate blended teaching quality evaluation tool based on the Context, Input, Process and Product model and evaluating its reliability and validity. Background: Blended teaching is a commonly used teaching method in medical education, but there are limited tools available to effectively measure the quality of blended teaching. Design: A Delphi study and cross-sectional study. Methods: Using the Context, Input, Process and Product model as the theoretical framework, a questionnaire was developed through literature review, expert consultation and pre-survey. From April to July 2023, 448 students from a certain university were selected as the research subjects and the questionnaire was examined for reliability and validity through a survey method. Results: The blended teaching quality evaluation scale with 35 items includes four dimensions Context, Input, Process and Product. The content validity and reliability of the blended teaching quality evaluation scale are both good, with a content validity index of 0.934 for the total scale and a content validity index of 0.750-1.00 for each item. The SEM shows that chi 2/df = 6.89, RMSEA = 0.115, CFI = 0.882, NFI=0.865, RFI= 0.855, IFI = 0.882, TLI = 0.873. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the total scale is 0.991 and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for each dimension is 0.944-0.984. Conclusion: The scale is based on the characteristics of blended learning and quality evaluation covers all aspects of teaching. It can accurately evaluate the quality of teaching, evaluate the problems in the teaching process based on the teaching quality score and propose reasonable teaching improvement suggestions based on the weak links in the teaching process.

目的 探讨社会支持及运动自我效能在社区老年人内在能力与健康老龄化间的中介效应,为提高社区老年人的健康老龄化水平提供依据.方法 采用整群随机抽样法,于2022年1-7月选取乌鲁木齐市1 303名社区老年人作为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、健康老龄化量表、内在能力调查表、社会支持评定量表、运动自我效能量表对其进行调查.通过概念模型探讨社区老年社会支持、运动自我效能、内在能力与健康老龄化间的关系.本研究共发放问卷1 303份,回收有效问卷1 042份,问卷有效回收率为80％.结果 1 042名社区老年人内在能力调查表得分为[1.00(0,2.00)]分、健康老龄化量表得分为[146.00(133.75,155.00)]分、社会支持评定量表得分为[41.00(36.00,46.00)]分、运动自我效能量表得分为[51.00(39.00,61.00)]分.社区老年人内在能力与社会支持、运动自我效能、健康老龄化呈负相关(r值分别为-0.112、-0.121、-0.120,P＜0.01),社会支持、运动自我效能与健康老龄化呈正相关(r值分别为0.129、0.113,P＜0.01).Bootstrap法中介效应检验结果显示,社会支持及运动自我效能在社区老年人内在能力与健康老龄化间的中介效应成立,中介效应值为-0.477,占总效应的24.75％;其中,内在能力→社会支持→健康老龄化的路径效应值为-0.262,占中介效应值的54.93％;内在能力→运动自我效能→健康老龄化的路径效应值为-0.214,占中介效应值的44.86％.结论 社区老年人群体中,社会支持与运动自我效能能够在内在能力与健康老龄化间起中介作用,社区卫生保健人员应关注老年人内在能力水平,提高其社会支持与运动自我效能水平,从而促进老年人健康老龄化的实现.

目的 了解社区老年人焦虑、抑郁症状的现状,探讨焦虑、抑郁对生命质量的影响及社会支持的中介作用.方法 2022 年 1 月于乌鲁木齐市社区选取 395 例老年人作为调查对象,采用一般资料调查表、7 项广泛性焦虑障碍量表、老年抑郁量表、社会支持量表和老年人生活质量调查表对 395 例老年人进行问卷调查.结果 社区老年人焦虑、抑郁症状的发生率分别为 17.7％、7.6％,焦虑、抑郁与社会支持、生活质量均呈负相关(P＜0.001);焦虑与抑郁、社会支持与生活质量呈正相关(P＜0.001).焦虑、抑郁症状对老年人生活质量具有负向预测作用(P＜0.05)、但随着社会支持的加入负向作用降低(P＜0.05).结论 社会支持在焦虑、抑郁症状和生活质量间具有中介效应,提高老年人的社会支持水平,对提高焦虑、抑郁老年人的生活质量具有一定的作用.

BackgroundCognitive impairment is an age-relevant intermediate stage where cognition declines to a state between the normal aging process and dementia. Earlier studies reported that depression, inappropriate nighttime sleep duration (NSD), and limited leisure activity engagement are cognitive impairment risk factors among older adults. Thus, we postulated that interventions on depression, sleep duration, and leisure activity engagement can reduce cognitive impairment risk. However, no earlier research ever explored this.MethodsThe data of 4,819 respondents aged 60 years and above, without cognitive impairment at baseline and with no prior history of memory-related diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and encephalatrophy, were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) between 2011 and 2018. The parametric g-formula, an analytic tool for estimating standardized outcome distributions using covariate (exposure and confounders)-specific estimates of the outcome distribution, was used to estimate 7-year cumulative cognitive impairment risks among older Chinese adults, under independent hypothetical interventions on depression, NSD, and leisure activity engagement, which was subdivided into social activity (SA) and intellectual activity (IA) for the different intervention combinations.ResultsThe observed cognitive impairment risk was 37.52%. Independent intervention on IA was the most effective factor in reducing incident cognitive impairment, with a risk ratio (RR) of 0.75 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.67–0.82), followed by depression (RR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.85–0.93) and NSD (RR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.80–0.95). The joint intervention combining depression, NSD, and IA interventions could reduce the risk by 17.11%, with an RR of 0.56 (95% CI: 0.48–0.65). In subgroup analyses, independent interventions on depression and IA had analogously significant effects on men and women. However, interventions on depression and IA had stronger effects on literate than illiterate individuals.ConclusionsHypothetical interventions on depression, NSD, and IA reduced cognitive impairment risks among older Chinese adults, both independently and jointly. The findings of the present study suggest that the intervention measures on depression, inappropriate NSD, limited intellectual activities, and their combination may prove to be effective strategies for preventing cognitive impairment among older adults.

目的 基于Roy的适应模型,构建链式中介模型来探究自我感知老化如何通过孤独感、健康促进生活方式影响老年人生活质量.方法 利用多级抽样法,抽取乌鲁木齐市224名60岁及以上的社区老年人,探讨自我感知老化与孤独感、健康促进生活方式、生存质量的关系.结果 自我感知老化、孤独感、健康促进生活方式及生存质量四个变量,两两之间存在相关性(P＜0.05);健康促进生活方式在自我感知老化和生存质量之间起中介效应,中介效应值为-0.066,占总效应值的21.36％;孤独感和健康促进生活方式在自我感知老化和生存质量之前发挥链式中介效应,中介效应值为-0.019,占总效应值的6.15％.结论 应积极主动关注老年人对老龄化的认知及心理健康,改善其维护自身健康的相关行为,提升生存质量,实现健康老龄化.

目的 研究乌鲁木齐市社区老年人内在能力与生活质量的相关性.方法 于2022年1月-7月随机整群抽样选取乌鲁木齐市1042名社区老年人,采用一般资料调查表、内在能力评估工具、中华老年医学学会推荐的"老年人生活质量调查内容和评价标准建议"进行调查,采用Spearman相关性分析及无序多分类Logistic回归分析内在能力与生活质量的相关性.结果 老年人内在能力得分为1.00(0.00,2.00)分,其下降率为72.94％,各领域下降范围为5.28％(心理)～50.96％(感觉).老年人生活质量得分为30.00(27.00,31.00)分,生活质量良、中、差等级的老年人分别占比50.10％、47.02％、2.88％.内在能力总分及其5个领域得分均与生活质量水平呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05),内在能力下降增加了低生活质量的风险(OR=0.381,95％CI:0.175～0.829).结论 乌鲁木齐市社区老年人内在能力下降率较高,生活质量水平尚可,二者之间有显著相关性,社区工作人员及老年人自身应关注内在能力发展的趋势,以保障老年人的生活质量.

Background: Sleep disturbances, frailty, and body pain are widespread in middle-aged and older adults with depression, and have been identified as depression risk factors. However, there is a scarcity of research on the benefits of sleep improvement, frailty amelioration, and pain management on incident depression. Methods: A total of 8895 respondents aged above 45 years were derived from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) between 2011 and 2018. The parametric g-formula was used to estimate the 7-year risks of depression under independent hypothetical interventions on nighttime sleep duration (NSD), daytime napping duration (DND), perceived sleep quality (PSQ), frailty, and pain, as well as their various combinations. Results: The observed depression risk was 41.77 %. The independent intervention on frailty was the most effective in lowering incident depression, with a risk ratio (RR) of 0.61 (95 % CI: 0.57-0.64), followed by PSQ (RR: 0.75, 95 % CI: 0.73-0.78), pain (RR: 0.90, 95 % CI: 0.87-0.91), and NSD (RR: 0.96, 95 % CI: 0.93-0.98). In subgroup analysis, intervention on NSD was more effective in men, PSQ was more effective in middle-aged individuals, and frailty and pain were more effective in older persons. The combined intervention of NSD, PSQ, frailty, and pain lowered the risk the greatest (RR: 0.35, 95 % CI: 0.32-0.37). Limitations: Generalizing our results to other populations should be possible if they have the same distribution of effect modifiers and interference patterns because of the calculation principle of the parametric g-formula. Conclusions: Interventions for sleep disturbances, frailty, and body pain can minimize the risk of depression.

目的 探讨社区老年人内在能力的潜在类别分类及其影响因素,为老年人内在能力的提高提供理论依据.方法 于2022年1至7月,采用便利抽样方法选取新疆乌鲁木齐市天山区、水磨沟区及经济开发区868名社区老年人作为研究对象,进行问卷调查和体格检查.采用Mplus 7.4软件进行潜在类别分析,并对老年人内在能力进行分类.采用SPSS 23.0软件进行x2检验及多元logistic回归分析.结果 868名社区老年人平均内在能力得分中位数为1分(P25,P75:0,2分),内在能力下降625人,检出率为72.0％.认知、心理、活力、感觉和运动领域下降的研究对象分别为122人(14.06％)、36人(4.15％)、95人(10.94％)、428人(49.31％)和249人(28.69％).潜在类别分析结果显示,社区老年人内在能力可分为3个类别,分别为低感觉-低运动组、高感觉-低运动组、中感觉-高运动组.多元logistic回归分析结果显示,以低感觉-低运动组为参照,无配偶(OR=1.929,95％CI:1.067～3.488)的社区老年人属于高感觉-低运动组的可能性更高;≥75岁(OR=0.546,95％CI:0.356～0.837)、女性(OR=0.513,95％CI:0.319～0.825),文化程度为文盲(OR=0.409,95％CI:0.232～0.722)、小学(OR=0.348,95％CI:0.219～0.552)及握力下降(OR=0.418,95％CI:0.275～0.637)的社区老年人属于中感觉-高运动组的可能性更低;未患慢性病(OR=2.636,95％CI:1.567～4.433)、患有1种慢性病(OR=1.696,95％CI:1.003～2.866)的社区老年人属于中感觉-高运动组的可能性更高,均有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 社区老年人内在能力下降存在异质性,应重点关注老年人感觉与运动领域并提供个体化的干预措施.

目的:探讨基于BOPPPS教学模式的混合式教学在本科护理教学中的应用效果.方法:选取新疆某高校2019级全日制护理学专业本科生312名作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将护生分为试验组(139名)、对照组(173名).对照组实施传统教学,试验组借助超星学习平台实施基于BOPPPS教学模式的混合式教学.1个学期后采用学业自我效能感量表、大学生学习投入量表、大学生学习倦怠量表对两组护生进行调查.结果:试验组护生学业自我效能感量表总分及学习能力自我效能感维度得分、学习行为自我效能感维度得分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组护生大学生学习投入量表各总分及各维度得分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组护生大学生学习倦怠量表总分及情绪低落维度得分、行为不当维度得分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:基于BOPPPS教学模式的混合式教学可以培养护生自我效能感,激发护生学习兴趣,减轻护生学习倦怠感.

This study was conducted using the data from 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Gender-specific association between nighttime sleep duration (NSD) and falls were evaluated through multiple logistic regression by adjusting for confounding variables. Of the 22,899 respondents, 18,446 were eligible and 3,144 (16.99%) had more than a single fall. Short and long NSD were associated with high occurrences of falls in the total and female population, but only a short NSD was associated with a high occurrence of falls in the male population. In conclusion, NSD was strongly and significantly associated with falls, but the association was gender-specific. Accordingly, increasing targeted, evidence-based and gender-specific preventions for NSD and sleep disturbance are necessary among primary care interventions to prevent falls.